peak detection

BACKGROUND: Respiratory diseases, including active tuberculosis (TB), asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), constitute substantial global health challenges, necessitating timely and accurate diagnosis for effective treatment and management. OBJECTIVE: This research seeks to develop and evaluate a noninvasive user-friendly artificial intelligence (AI)-powered cough audio classifier for detecting these respiratory conditions in rural Tanzania. METHODS: This is a nonexperimental cross-sectional research with the primary objective of collection and analysis of cough sounds from patients with active TB, asthma, and COPD in outpatient clinics to generate and evaluate a noninvasive cough audio classifier...

A novel dual-mode fluorometric and colorimetric sensing platform is reported for determining glutathione S-transferase (GST) by utilizing polyethyleneimine-capped silver nanoclusters (PEI-AgNCs) and cobalt-manganese oxide nanosheets (CoMn-ONSs) with oxidase-like activity. Abundant active oxygen species (O2 •- ) can be produced through the CoMn-ONSs interacting with dissolved oxygen. Afterward, the pink oxDPD was generated through the oxidation of colorless N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) by O2 •- , and two absorption peaks at 510 and 551 nm could be observed...

Thrombus age determination in fatal venous thromboembolism cases is an important task for forensic pathologists. In this study, we investigated the time-dependent expressions of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) and Annexin A1 (ANXA1) in a stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis (DVT) murine model, with the aim of obtaining useful information for thrombus age timing. A total of 75 ICR mice were randomly classified into thrombosis group and control group. In thrombosis group, a DVT model was established by ligating the inferior vena cava (IVC) of mice, and thrombosed IVCs were harvested at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days after modeling...

Foodborne illnesses, particularly those caused by Salmonella enterica with its extensive array of over 2600 serovars, present a significant public health challenge. Therefore, prompt and precise identification of S. enterica serovars is essential for clinical relevance, which facilitates the understanding of S. enterica transmission routes and the determination of outbreak sources. Classical serotyping methods via molecular subtyping and genomic markers currently suffer from various limitations, such as labour intensiveness, time consumption, etc...

A charge detector has been constructed and mounted inside the vacuum housing of a commercial mass spectrometer (Micromass-Waters Quattro I, Waters Corp., Manchester, UK). The in-house built single-pass charge detector is composed of a designed, complete electronics system that includes a low-noise charge amplifier. Communication to the data acquisition system was enabled, and analog and digital filters were devised, followed by their tuning and programming. Data treatment scripts for data analysis and plotting were automated, and the assembled system was calibrated and tested...

Short tandem repeat analysis is challenging when dealing with unbalanced mixtures in forensic cases due to the presence of stutter peaks and large amplicons. In this research, we propose a novel genetic marker called DIP-TriSNP, which combines deletion/insertion polymorphism (DIP) with tri-allelic single nucleotide polymorphism in less than 230 bp length of human genome. Based on multiplex PCR and SNaPShot, a panel, including 14 autosomal DIP-TriSNPs and one Y chromosomal DIP-SNP, had been developed and applied to genotyping 102 unrelated Han Chinese individuals in Sichuan of China and simulated a mixture study...

BACKGROUND: During articulation the velopharynx needs to be opened and closed rapidly and a tight closure is needed. Based on the hypothesis that patients with cleft lip and palate (CLP) produce lower pressures in the velopharynx than healthy individuals, this study compared pressure profiles of the velopharyngeal closure during articulation of different sounds between healthy participants and patients with surgically closed unilateral CLP (UCLP) using high resolution manometry (HRM)...

PURPOSE: To investigate and compare the dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [18 F]Alfatide II Imaging and [11 C]Methionine ([11 C]MET) in orthotopic rat models of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and to assess the utility of [18 F]Alfatide II in detecting and evaluating neoangiogenesis in GBM. METHODS: [18 F]Alfatide II and [11 C]MET were injected into the orthotopic GBM rat models (n = 20, C6 glioma cells), followed by dynamic PET/MR scans 21 days after surgery of tumor implantation...

Perylenequinones (PQs) from bambusicolous Shiraia fungi serve as excellent photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. However, the lower yield of PQ production in mycelium cultures is an important bottleneck for their clinical application. Light has long been recognized as a pivotal regulatory signal for fungal secondary metabolite biosynthesis. In this study, we explored the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the growth and PQ biosynthesis in mycelium cultures of Shiraia sp. S9 exposed to red light. The continuous irradiation with red light (627 nm, 200 lx) suppressed fungal conidiation, promoted hyphal branching, and elicited a notable increase in PQ accumulation...

Molecular probes and indicators are broadly employed for pH measurements in bulk media and at interfaces. The underlying physical principle of pH measurements of most of these probes is based on a change in the electronic structure that, for example, results in a shift of the emission peak of the fluorescence probes, changes in NMR chemical shifts due to the affected electronic shielding, or magnetic parameters of pH-sensitive nitroxides as measured by EPR. Here we explore another concept for measuring local protonation state of molecular tags based on changes in rotational dynamics of electron spin-bearing moieties that are readily detected by conventional continuous wave X-band EPR...

Pinacolyl alcohol (PA), a key forensic marker for the nerve agent Soman (GD), is a particularly difficult analyte to detect by various analytical methods. In this work, we have explored the reaction between PA and 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) to yield pinacolyl 1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate (PIC), a product that can be conveniently detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Regarding its GC-MS profile, this new carbamate derivative of PA possesses favorable chromatographic features such as a sharp peak and a longer retention time (RT = 16...

Neurofibrillary tangles of tau constitute one of the key biological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. Currently, the assessment of regional tau accumulation requires intravenous administration of radioactive tracers for PET imaging. A noninvasive MRI-based solution would have significant clinical implications. Herein, we utilized an MRI technique known as chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) to determine the imaging signature of tau in both its monomeric and pathologic fibrillated conformations. Three sets of purified recombinant full-length (4R) tau protein were prepared for collection of CEST spectra using a 9...

Introduction: Autologous cell suspension (ACS)-based therapy represents a highly promising approach for burns and chronic wounds. However, existing technologies have not achieved the desired clinical success due to several limitations. To overcome practical and cost-associated obstacles of existing ACS methods, we have established a novel methodology for rapid, enzymatic disaggregation of human skin cells and their isolation using a procedure that requires no specialist laboratory instrumentation and is performed at room temperature...

A self-powered and durable pressure sensor for large-scale pressure detection on the knee implant would be highly advantageous for designing long-lasting and reliable knee implants as well as obtaining information about knee function after the operation. The purpose of this study is to develop a robust energy harvester that can convert wide ranges of pressure to electricity to power a load sensor inside the knee implant. To efficiently convert loads to electricity, we design a cuboid-array-structured tribo-pizoelectric nanogenerator (TPENG) in vertical contact mode inside a knee implant package...

Histamine, a primary biogenic amine (BA) generated through the decarboxylation of amino acids, concentration increases in protein-rich foods during deterioration. Thus, its detection plays a crucial role in ensuring food safety and quality. This study introduces an innovative approach involving the direct integration of dopamine onto gold nanoparticles (DCt-AuNP), aiming at rapid histamine colorimetric detection. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the aggregation of uniformly distributed spherical DCt-AuNPs with 12...

PURPOSE: This goal of this study was to optimize spectrally selective 1 H MRS methods for large volume acquisition of low concentration metabolites with downfield resonances at 7T and 3T, with particular attention paid to detection of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD + ) and tryptophan. METHODS: Spectrally selective excitation was used to avoid magnetization transfer effects with water, and various sinc pulses were compared to a pure-phase E-BURP pulse. Localization using a single slice selective pulse was compared to voxel-based localization that used three orthogonal refocusing pulses, and low bandwidth refocusing pulses were used to take advantage of the chemical shift displacement of water...

RATIONALE: Natural monomer flavors can modify the taste of cigarettes. However, no report was published to establish the quality control method for their chemical compositions. METHODS: In this study, licorice, a traditional natural monomer flavor used in tobacco aroma processing, was selected, and the fingerprint was developed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Next, the chemical markers of samples from different places of origin were discovered by multivariate statistical analysis...

In an acidic buffered solution, erythrosine B can react with amiodarone to form an association complex, which not only generates great enhancement in resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) spectrum of erythrosine B at 346.5 nm but also results in quenching of fluorescence spectra of erythrosine B at λemission  = 550.4 nm/λexcitation  = 528.5 nm. In addition, the formed erythrosine B-amiodarone complex produces a new absorbance peak at 555 nm. The spectral characteristics of the RRS, absorbance, and fluorescence spectra, as well as the optimum analytical conditions, were studied and investigated...

OBJECTIVE: Cerebrovascular autoregulation is defined as the capacity of cerebral blood vessels to maintain stable cerebral blood flow despite changing blood pressure. It is assessed using the pressure reactivity index (the correlation coefficient between mean arterial blood pressure and intracranial pressure). The objective of this scoping review is to describe the existing evidence concerning the association of EEG and cerebrovascular autoregulation in order to identify key concepts and detect gaps in the current knowledge...

The study of intact phase II metabolites of endogenous anabolic androgenic steroids (EAAS) gives important information about metabolism and has the potential to improve the detection of doping with testosterone. For analysis with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), chemical derivatization at the steroid moiety is a technique to improve the positive ionization efficiency of glucuronidated/sulfated EAAS under collision-induced dissociation (CID) conditions. However, regarding the chromatographic performance, there are still challenges to address, for example, poor peak shape, which is mainly caused by nondefined adsorption in the chromatographic system...