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REVIEW
Laura Zucconi, Giorgia Cavallini, Fabiana Canini
Antarctic soils represent one of the most pristine environments on Earth, where highly adapted and often endemic microbial species withstand multiple extremes. Specifically, fungal diversity is extremely low in Antarctic soils and species distribution and diversity are still not fully characterized in the continent. Despite the unique features of this environment and the international interest in its preservation, several factors pose severe threats to the conservation of inhabiting ecosystems. In this light, we aimed to provide an overview of the effects on fungal communities of the main changes endangering the soils of the continent...
April 23, 2024: Brazilian Journal of Microbiology: [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
#2
REVIEW
Álvaro Enríquez-de-Salamanca
Climate change requires major mitigation efforts, mainly emission reduction. Carbon sequestration and avoided deforestation are complementary mitigation strategies that can promote nature conservation and local development but may also have undesirable impacts. We reviewed 246 articles citing impacts, risks, or concerns from carbon projects, and 78 others related to this topic. Most of the impacts cited focus on biodiversity, especially in afforestation projects, and on social effects related to avoided deforestation projects...
April 23, 2024: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gilles Didier, Michel Laurin
In the last decade, the Fossilized Birth-Death (FBD) process has yielded interesting clues about the evolution of biodiversity through time. To facilitate such studies, we extend our method to compute the probability density of phylogenetic trees of extant and extinct taxa in which the only temporal information is provided by the fossil ages (i.e. without the divergence times) in order to deal with the piecewise constant FBD process, known as the "skyline FBD", which allows rates to change between pre-defined time intervals, as well as modelling extinction events at the bounds of these intervals...
April 23, 2024: Cladistics
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angélica Ferraz Gomes, Girlane Oliveira Rocha, Caroline Scabini, Jayne Ferreira da Silva Oliveira, Déborah Neres Oliveira, Luise Carvalho Mota, Brenda Novais Almeida Neves, Amanda Menezes Dos Santos, Urias Santos Araújo, Bruno Oliveira Moreira, Flávio Mendes de Souza, Maiara Prates de Almeida, Juliano Geraldo Amaral, Jorge Maurício David
The present study describes the seasonal and circadian variations of the major compounds from Lippia alba leaves. SPSS was used to identify, quantify, and associate the variations in the secondary metabolites of this species through HPLC/DAD analysis of the leaves hydroethanolic extracts of six selected L. alba specimens. For the circadian study, the samples were collected at four different daily hours in each year's season. For the seasonal study, the samples were collected monthly from the same individuals for two consecutive years (2018 and 2019)...
April 23, 2024: Chemistry & Biodiversity
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Surendra Singh Bisht, R K Meena, Maneesh Bhandari, Prithvi Pal Singh, Upendra Pal Sharma, Aman Bisht, P K Verma
Trillium govanianum, a medicinal herb, exhibiting diverse morphometric traits and phytochemicals across developmental stages of plants. The changes in the chemical profile and steroidal saponin levels in the rhizome of T. govanianum across different developmental stages were previously unknown. This study categorizes rhizomes into three types based on scar presence: juvenile (5-10 scars, Type I), young (11-19 scars, Type II), and mature (21-29 scars, Type III). Rhizomes show varying sizes (length 1.2-4.7 cm, girth 0...
April 23, 2024: Chemistry & Biodiversity
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mark K L Wong, Jane M McRae
The genus Leptanilla Emery, 1870 of the family Formicidae, subfamily Leptanillinae, comprises miniscule, pale, blind ants that are rarely collected and poorly understood due to their hypogaeic (i.e. underground) lifestyles. Here we describe a new Leptanilla species from two workers collected via subterranean scraping in the arid Pilbara region of Western Australia. Leptanillavoldemort sp. nov. is the second leptanilline species documented in Australia after the elusive Leptanillaswani Wheeler, 1932. Workers of L...
2024: ZooKeys
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kohei Watanabe, Masakazu Hayashi
We describe for the first time, the larvae of Cybister (Cybister) lewisianus Sharp, 1873, an endangered species of diving beetle in Japan, emphasizing the chaetotaxy of the cephalic capsule, head appendages, legs, last abdominal segment, and urogomphi. Cybisterlewisianus larvae are characterized by a longer third article of antenna 3 than the sum of the first and second articles; rounded apex of parietal setae 1-3; labium seta 8 absent; elongated trochanter seta 4, not multi-branched; rounded apex of abdominal setae 1, 12, and 13 (instar I); narrow lateral projections of the frontoclypeus; pronotum without two dark-brown longitudinal stripes dorsally (instar III); and the base of the thick row of small setae on the inner edge of the mandible angulate and projecting medially (all instars)...
2024: ZooKeys
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jinliang Ren, Li Ren, Runzhi Zhang
The Chinese species of the highland weevil genus Pachynotus is revised, including a single known species, P.lampoglobus Chao & Y.-Q. Chen, 1980, and the descriptions of two new species, P.pilosus sp. nov. and P.arcuatus sp. nov. All Chinese Pachynotus species occur in Xizang (Tibet), China, and a key to these species is presented. Additionally, the COI sequences of two species, P.lampoglobus and P.pilosus sp. nov ., are provided, with details of the genetic distance.
2024: ZooKeys
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Welma Pieterse, Marc De Meyer, Massimiliano Virgillio, Pia Addison
Identification of fruit fly larvae is difficult due to the limited morphological characteristics present. However, this is the stage at which fruit flies are intercepted at ports of entry through horticultural imports. Molecular tools are useful but are time-consuming and expensive compared to morphological identifications. This project aims to use available information from the literature and our own research to build a multi-entry identification key for thirteen tephritid species and species groups that are of economic concern for the European Union...
2024: ZooKeys
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yurong Jiang, Xinru Deng, Chungkun Shih, Yunyun Zhao, Dong Ren, Zhipeng Zhao
Mastotermitidae, the first-diverging extant family of termites, has only one relic extant species; however, this family had greater richness during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Fossil termites from the Cretaceous provide information on the early evolution of termites and the transition between extinct families. Herein, two new Mastotermitidae species found in upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian) Kachin amber are reported. One is a female imago described as Angustitermesreflexus gen. et sp. nov. and assigned to the subfamily Mastotermitinae...
2024: ZooKeys
#11
REVIEW
Aiwen Song, Shen Liang, Huai Li, Baixing Yan
Freshwater wetlands are the wetland ecosystems surrounded by freshwater, which are at the interface of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, and are rich in ecological composition and function. Biodiversity in freshwater wetlands plays a key role in maintaining the stability of their habitat functions. Due to anthropogenic interference and global change, the biodiversity of freshwater wetlands decreases, which in turn destroys the habitat function of freshwater wetlands and leads to serious degradation of wetlands...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhonghan Wang, Jonathan M Chase, Wubing Xu, Jinliang Liu, Donghao Wu, Aiying Zhang, Jirui Wang, Yuanyuan Luo, Mingjian Yu
Ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation caused by human activities represent one of the greatest causes of biodiversity loss. However, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation are not felt equally among species. Here, we examined how habitat loss influenced the diversity and abundance of species from different trophic levels, with different traits, by taking advantage of an inadvertent experiment that created habitat islands from a once continuous forest via the creation of the Thousand Island Lake, a large reservoir in China...
April 22, 2024: Ecology
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongtao Wang, Xutao Jiang, Kejia Liu, Xunchi Pu, Yuanming Wang
The Yarlung Zangbo River is a river with abundant hydropower resources but fragile biodiversity in China. As an important benchmark for both research and ecological management, there is still a lack of knowledge about the swimming ability of fishes in the Yarlung Zangbo River. The induced flow velocity (Uind ), critical swimming speed (Ucrit ), and burst swimming speed (Uburst ) of five Schizothoracinae species were tested in this study. Relative swimming ability related to body length and body shape was calculated...
April 22, 2024: Journal of Fish Biology
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Calebe P Mendes, Wido R Albert, Zachary Amir, Marc Ancrenaz, Eric Ash, Badrul Azhar, Henry Bernard, Jedediah Brodie, Tom Bruce, Elliot Carr, Gopalasamy Reuben Clements, Glyn Davies, Nicolas J Deere, Yoan Dinata, Christl A Donnelly, Somphot Duangchantrasiri, Gabriella Fredriksson, Benoit Goossens, Alys Granados, Andrew Hearn, Jason Hon, Tom Hughes, Patrick Jansen, Kae Kawanishi, Margaret Kinnaird, Sharon Koh, Alice Latinne, Matthew Linkie, Federica Loi, Anthony J Lynam, Erik Meijaard, Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan, Jonathan H Moore, Senthilvel K S S Nathan, Dusit Ngoprasert, Wilson Novarino, Ilyas Nursamsi, Timothy O'Brien, Robert Ong, John Payne, Dolly Priatna, D Mark Rayan, Glen Reynolds, Rustam Rustam, Sasidhran Selvadurai, Amanda Shia, Muhammad Silmi, Pablo Sinovas, Kriangsak Sribuarod, Robert Steinmetz, Matthew J Struebig, Ronglarp Sukmasuang, Sunarto Sunarto, Tarmizi Tarmizi, Arjun Thapa, Carl Traeholt, Oliver R Wearn, Hariyo B Wibisono, Andreas Wilting, Seth Timothy Wong, Siew Te Wong, Jettie Word, Wen Xuan Chiok, Zainal Zahari Zainuddin, Matthew Scott Luskin
Information on tropical Asian vertebrates has traditionally been sparse, particularly when it comes to cryptic species inhabiting the dense forests of the region. Vertebrate populations are declining globally due to land-use change and hunting, the latter frequently referred as "defaunation." This is especially true in tropical Asia where there is extensive land-use change and high human densities. Robust monitoring requires that large volumes of vertebrate population data be made available for use by the scientific and applied communities...
April 22, 2024: Ecology
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Franz Löffler, Jonas Brüggeshemke, Felix Maximilian Freienstein, Steffen Kämpfer, Thomas Fartmann
Urbanisation has contributed to a severe decline in biodiversity worldwide. However, urban ecosystems can also play an important role in the conservation of threatened species, including ground-nesting birds such as the Eurasian Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus). While the coastal populations of this shorebird have declined sharply, there is growing evidence that pairs nesting on urban flat roofs have high reproductive success. However, the reasons for rooftop nesting and the species' habitat use in urban areas remain poorly understood...
April 22, 2024: Scientific Reports
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Javier Miranda, Wolfgang Britz, Jan Börner
Deforestation in the tropics remains a significant global challenge linked to carbon emissions and biodiversity loss. Agriculture, forestry, wildfires, and urbanization have been repeatedly identified as main drivers of tropical deforestation. Understanding the underlying mechanisms behind these direct causes is crucial to navigate the multiple tradeoffs between competing forest uses, such as food and biomass production (SDG 2), climate action (SDG 13), and life on land (SDG 15). This paper develops and implements a global-scale empirical approach to quantify two key factors affecting land use decisions at tropical forest frontiers: agricultural commodity prices and national governance...
April 22, 2024: Scientific Reports
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ting-Shuai Shi, Scott L Collins, Kailiang Yu, Josep Peñuelas, Jordi Sardans, Hailing Li, Jian-Sheng Ye
A central role for nature-based solution is to identify optimal management practices to address environmental challenges, including carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. Inorganic fertilization increases plant aboveground biomass but often causes a tradeoff with plant diversity loss. It remains unclear, however, whether organic fertilization, as a potential nature-based solution, could alter this tradeoff by increasing aboveground biomass without plant diversity loss. Here we compile data from 537 experiments on organic and inorganic fertilization across grasslands and croplands worldwide to evaluate the responses of aboveground biomass, plant diversity, and soil organic carbon (SOC)...
April 22, 2024: Nature Communications
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mathias Tesfaye, Lutz Breuer
Evaluating the performance of water indices and water-related ecosystems is crucial for Ethiopia. This is due to limited information on the availability and distribution of water resources at the country scale, despite its critical role in sustainable water management, biodiversity conservation, and ecosystem resilience. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of seven water indices and select the best-performing indices for detecting surface water at country scale. Sentinel-2 data from December 1, 2021, to November 30, 2022, were used for the evaluation and processed using the Google Earth Engine...
April 22, 2024: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
#19
EDITORIAL
Quan-Hoang Vuong, Minh-Hoang Nguyen, Viet-Phuong La
The military-industrial complex, military operations, and wars are major contributors to exacerbating both climate change and biodiversity crises. However, their environmental impacts are often shadowed due to national security reasons. The current paper aims to go through the devastating impacts of military operations and wars on climate change and biodiversity loss and challenges that hinder the inclusion of military-related activities into environmental crisis mitigation efforts. The information blind spot induced by concerns about national security reasons jeopardizes the efforts to involve the military-industrial complex and military operations in the global climate and biodiversity agendas...
April 22, 2024: Environmental Management
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Houlang Duan, Xiubo Yu
The effect of coastal wetland loss on shorebird habitat in recent years has been widely reported in previous studies. Various coastal wetland conservation and restoration measures have been implemented or will soon be implemented in China. The extent to which these measures will affect the area and structure of coastal wetland habitat in the future remains unclear. Here, we predicted changes in habitat area and structure for 39 common shorebird species along the coasts of the Yellow and Bohai Seas using a cellular automata-Markov (CA-Markov) land use scenario model and a maximum entropy species distribution model, along with terrain factors (slope, aspect, and digital evaluation model) and climate factors (temperature and precipitation) from the Data Centre for Resources and Environmental Sciences at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, land cover maps interpreted using the human-computer interactive method, and citizen science data of shorebird occurrences derived from eBird, Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and Bird Report...
April 20, 2024: Science of the Total Environment
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