MoCA

OBJECTIVES: In this study, we examine the measurement of cognition in different racial/ethnic groups to move towards a less biased and more inclusive set of measures for capturing cognitive change and decline in older adulthood. METHODS: We use data from Round 2 (N=3377) and Round 3 (N=4777) of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) and examine the study's Survey Adjusted version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-SA). We employ exploratory factor analyses to explore configural invariance by racial/ethnic group...

Previous evidence suggested that chronic pain is characterized by cognitive deficits, particularly in the social cognition domain. Recently, a new chronic pain classification has been proposed distinguishing chronic primary pain (CPP), in which pain is the primary cause of patients' disease, and chronic secondary pain (CSP), in which pain is secondary to an underlying illness. The present study aimed at investigating social cognition profiles in the two disorders. We included 38 CPP, 43 CSP patients, and 41 healthy controls (HC)...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression relationship and significance of long chain non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (LncRNA NEAT1) and miR-27a-3p in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS: Sixty-six AD patients received by the department of neurology of our hospital from October 2019 to September 2021 were gathered, according to the clinical dementia rating scale score, they were grouped into mild group (≤1 point, n =41) and moderate-to-severe group (>1 point, n =25)...

Background : Depression and cognitive impairment are recognized complications of COVID-19. This study aimed to assess cognitive performance in clinically diagnosed post-COVID depression (PCD, n = 25) patients using neuropsychological testing. Methods : The study involved 71 post-COVID patients with matched control groups: recovered COVID-19 individuals without complications (n = 18) and individuals without prior COVID-19 history (n = 19). A post-COVID depression group (PCD, n = 25) was identified based on psychiatric diagnosis, and a comparison group (noPCD, n = 46) included participants with neurological COVID-19 complications, excluding clinical depression...

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe and progressive neurological condition caused by trauma to the nervous system, resulting in lifelong disability and severe comorbidities. This condition imposes serious limitations on everyday life, interfering with patients' social lives and compromising their quality of life, psychological well-being, and daily living activities. Rehabilitation is essential to helping SCI patients gain more independence in their daily routines. Home automation (HA) systems provide personalized support to users, allowing them to manage various aspects of their living environment, promoting independence and well-being...

Nordic walking requires the association of walking and coordination of limbs while orienteering in a natural environment. It has been shown to improve functional capacities more than normal walking. However, its cognitive benefits are less clear. The main hypothesis was that this training improves visuospatial capacities and inhibition functions. A total of 14 healthy older adults were included. The training was performed in three sessions of 75 min a week for 8 weeks. Pre-, intermediate, and post-tests were carried out...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of ginkgo diterpene lactone (GDLM) on cognitive function in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS: A total of 126 patients with AIS in Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from July 2019 to December 2020 were collected and randomly divided into the control group and treatment group ( n = 63). All patients received conventional treatment, on which 25 mg/day GDLM was administered in the treatment group. Coagulation and inflammation indexes, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and activities of daily living scale (ADL) scores were measured before and 14 days after treatment...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether spontaneous brain activity can be used as a prospective indicator to identify cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) was performed on PD patients. The cognitive level of patients was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. The fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was applied to measure the strength of spontaneous brain activity...

OBJECTIVES: This review article provides an updated review of a relatively common pathology with various manifestations. Superficial venous diseases (SVD) are a broad spectrum of venous vascular disease that predominantly affects the body's lower extremities. The most serious manifestation of this disease includes varicose veins, chronic venous insufficiency, stasis dermatitis, venous ulcers, superficial venous thrombosis, reticular veins, and spider telangiectasias. METHODS: The anatomy, pathophysiology, and risk factors of SVD were discussed during this review...

Introduction The impact of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) on cognition and the determinants of cognitive recovery early after ICH remain elusive. In this post-hoc analysis of the Intracerebral Hemorrhage Deferoxamine (iDEF) trial, we examined the trajectories of cognitive impairment and the determinants of early cognitive recovery after ICH. Methods We examined baseline factors associated with 90-day cognitive outcome and constructed generalized linear mixed models to examine the trajectory of cognitive function over time among iDEF participants...

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the influence of delirium following radical prostatectomy on cognitive function and health perception during the recovery period. METHODS: Data were collected from patients who underwent radical prostatectomy at our institution between May 2020 and May 2022. Postoperative delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU), categorising patients into delirium and non-delirium groups...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate hypothalamic atrophy and its clinical correlates in multiple system atrophy (MSA) in-vivo. BACKGROUND: MSA is characterized by autonomic dysfunction and parkinsonian/cerebellar manifestations. The hypothalamus regulates autonomic and homeostatic functions and is also involved in memory and learning processes. METHODS: 11 MSA, 18 Parkinson's Disease (PD) and 18 Healthy Controls (HC) were included in this study. A validated and automated hypothalamic segmentation tool was applied to 3D-T1-weighted images acquired on a 3T MRI scanner...

This retrospective study aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of Bifidobacterium bifidum supplementation on elderly ischemic stroke patients. We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records from 153 elderly ischemic stroke patients. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: those receiving B bifidum supplementation (Intervention group, n = 73) and those receiving standard treatment without any additional supplementation (Control group, n = 80). Outcomes were assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS)...

BACKGROUND: Patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke demonstrate an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. Accumulating evidence indicates that ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) may interact with the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (AT[N]) biomarkers to promote dementia. However, the precise pathological mechanisms remain to be fully characterized. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the interrelationships among ICVD, ATN biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cognition...

BACKGROUND: The multifinger force deficit (MFFD) is the decline in force generated by each finger as the number of fingers contributing to an action is increased. It has been shown to associate with cognitive status. AIMS: The aim was to establish whether a particularly challenging form of multifinger grip dynamometry, that provides minimal tactile feedback via cutaneous receptors and requires active compensation for reaction forces, will yield an MFFD that is more sensitive to cognitive status...

OBJECTIVES: Early detection of cognitive impairment is essential for timely intervention. Currently, most widely used cognitive screening tests are influenced by language and cultural differences; therefore, there is a need for the development of a language-neutral, visual-based cognitive assessment tool. The Visual Cognitive Assessment Test (VCAT), a 30-point test that assesses memory, executive function, visuospatial function, attention, and language, has demonstrated its utility in a multilingual population...

OBJECTIVES: Hispanic adults display a higher likelihood of early-stage cognitive decline than their White counterparts yet receive fewer clinical diagnoses. This troubling trend highlights the significance of longitudinal surveys like the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) in monitoring cognitive changes in aging Hispanics. Using NSHAP's Rounds 2 and 3, we observed notable cognitive score differences between English and Spanish speakers, as assessed by the survey-adapted version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-SA)...

OBJECTIVES: Scholarly, clinical, and policy interest in cognitive function has grown over the last several decades in part due to large increases in Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias as populations age. However, adequate measures of cognitive function have not been available in many research data sets. We argue that a wealth of previously unexploited survey data exists to model cognition and cognitive decline. METHODS: We use metadata of the time it takes older respondents in the National Social Life, Health and Aging Survey, which we label response times (RT), to answer questions in a standard cognitive assessment...

DESIGN: This study was an extension of a randomized crossover clinical trial approved by the institutional ethics committee (approval number: D2014-148) and adhered to the CONSORT guidelines. The original study juxtaposed patient contentment with single-implant overdentures (1-IODs) against conventional complete dentures (CCDs), with patient satisfaction being the primary focus. In this follow-up study, the cognitive function of edentulous patients receiving 1-IODs was assessed, specifically monitoring for the emergence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) throughout a three-year period...

BACKGROUND: A broadened clinical spectrum of concomitant complications emerges among the escalating incidence of substance use, particularly within the 'chemsex' context. This case exemplifies the profound neurotoxic repercussions and neurological risk of chemsex in a young HIV-positive male and addresses the multifaceted challenges of such evolving paradigms in substance utilization. CLINICAL FINDING: After consuming cannabis, poppers, methamphetamine, and cocaine, a 28-year-old HIV-positive male exhibited significant neurological and cognitive impairment...