Waveform duration

PURPOSE: This study reports our center's initial experience with the use of low-frequency stimulation in provoking stimulation-induced seizures (SIS) in children with drug-resistant epilepsy undergoing stereo-EEG evaluations. METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled children aged 2 to 18 years with drug-resistant focal epilepsy who underwent stereo-EEG evaluation and extraoperative direct electrical cortical stimulation to elicit seizures. The low-frequency stimulation parameters consisted of biphasic square waveforms at frequency of 1 Hz, pulse width 1 millisecond, current 1 to 3 mA, and train duration of 20 seconds...

INTRODUCTION: The utilization of ultrasonography (USG) is progressively growing to verify the accurate positioning of the endotracheal tube (ETT). Non-detection of the esophageal intubation can be fatal. Various techniques are employed to confirm the placement of the ETT, but none of them are considered optimal. Quantitative waveform capnography (qWC) is often regarded as the most reliable method for this purpose; however, it may not necessarily be accessible and can be expensive. Hence, this investigation was carried out to contrast the use of bedside upper airway USG with qWC in order to confirm the accurate positioning of the ETT following intubation...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported a correlation between a single nucleotide polymorphism of the RING finger E3 ubiquitin protein ligase rififylin (RFFL) and QT interval variability in humans (Newton-Cheh et al., 2009). Previously, we have shown that RFFL down-regulates expression and function of the human-like ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel and corresponding rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr ) in adult rabbit ventricular cardiomyocytes (ARbCMs)...

BACKGROUND: Electroanatomical adaptations during the neonatal to adult phase have not been comprehensively studied in preclinical animal models. To explore the impact of age as a biological variable on cardiac electrophysiology, we employed neonatal and adult guinea pigs, which are a recognized animal model for developmental research. METHODS: Healthy guinea pigs were categorized into three age groups (neonates, n=10; younger adults, n=13; and older adults, n=26)...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) comprises a spectrum of metabolic disorders distinguished by the persistent elevation of glucose levels in the bloodstream. It stands as a primary risk factor for peripheral arterial disease (PAD), denoted by atherosclerosis affecting the lower extremities. One clinical manifestation of symptomatic PAD is intermittent claudication alleviated by rest but also capable of presenting as atypical leg pain. Confirmatory diagnostic measures, including the ankle-brachial index (ABI), toe-brachial index (TBI), or Doppler waveform analysis, are imperative in the verification of PAD...

AIMS: Human exposure to high-altitude and/or low-temperature areas is increasing and cardiac arrest in these circumstances represents an increasing proportion of all treated cardiac arrests. However, little is known about the performance of automated external defibrillators (AED) in these circumstances. The objective of this study is to assess the functional and electrical features of 6 commercially available AEDs in extreme environments. METHODS: Accuracy of shockable rhythm detection, the time required for self-test, rhythm analysis, and capacitor charging, together with total energy, peak voltage, peak current, and phasic duration of defibrillation waveform measured after placing the AEDs in simulated high-altitude, simulated low-temperature, and natural composite high-altitude and low-temperature environment for 30 min, were compared to those measured in the standard environment...

This paper reports on the waveform shaped by a finite duration photonic time-crystal with its permittivity and permeability periodically varying in time. A Gaussian-modulated sinusoidal pulse is incident onto this photonic time-crystal to evaluate the backward- and forward-scattering waveforms. An analytical formulation, utilizing a cascade of temporal transfer matrices and the inverse fast Fourier transform, was employed to conduct time-domain waveform computations. Interestingly, the dispersion diagram of the temporal unit cell, which displays a momentum gap characterized by a complex effective angular frequency, plays a crucial role in shaping the incident waveform...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between chest compression interruption (CCI) patterns and outcomes in pediatric patients undergoing extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR). DESIGN: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) data were collected using defibrillator-electrode and bedside monitor waveforms from pediatric ECPR cases between 2013 and 2021. Duration and variability of CCI during cannulation for ECPR was determined and compared with survival to discharge using Fishers exact test and logistic regressions with cluster-robust ses for adjusted analyses...

We demonstrate high-harmonic generation for the time-domain observation of the electric field (HHG-TOE) and use it to measure the waveform of ultrashort mid-infrared (MIR) laser pulses interacting with ZnO thin-films or WS2 monolayers. The working principle relies on perturbing HHG in solids with a weak replica of the pump pulse. We measure the duration of few-cycle pulses at 3200 nm, in reasonable agreement with the results of established pulse characterization techniques. Our method provides a straightforward approach to accurately characterize femtosecond laser pulses used for HHG experiments right at the point of interaction...

The indirect measurement of shock waveforms by acousto-optic sensing requires a method to reconstruct the field from the projected data. Under the assumption of spherical symmetry, one approach is to reconstruct the field by the Abel inversion integral transform. When the acousto-optic sensing modality measures the change in optical phase difference time derivative, as for a heterodyne Mach-Zehnder interferometer, e.g., a laser Doppler vibrometer, the reconstructed field is the fluctuating refractive index time derivative...

In miniature ion trap mass spectrometry, achieving a balance between isolation resolution and efficiency is a formidable challenge. The presence of absorption curves causes target ions to inadvertently absorb energy from AC signal components near their resonant frequencies. To mitigate this issue, SAM-SFM waveforms introduce a parameter known as the decreasing factor. Unlike SWIFT waveforms, SAM-SFM's spectral profile intentionally departs from a rectangular window, adopting an arch-shaped excitation window to minimize the impact on target ions and improve ion isolation efficiency...

Text-to-speech (TTS) has made rapid progress in both academia and industry in recent years. Some questions naturally arise that whether a TTS system can achieve human-level quality, how to define/judge that quality, and how to achieve it. In this paper, we answer these questions by first defining the human-level quality based on the statistical significance of subjective measure and introducing appropriate guidelines to judge it, and then developing a TTS system called NaturalSpeech that achieves human-level quality on benchmark datasets...

We demonstrated a 40-MHz detection of spectroscopic polarization by a supercontinuum vector beam with a wavelength-dependent polarization state. To achieve the high-repetition-rate measurement, we detected the rotation angle of polarization and the spectrum by measuring the temporal waveform using a photodetector after expanding the pulse duration of the supercontinuum vector beam. The spectrum of the supercontinuum vector beam was measured using a spectrometer. We compared it with the temporal waveforms, confirming a good agreement of spectra between the conventional spectrometer and the temporal waveforms...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between diurnal masseter muscle activity and awareness of diurnal awake bruxism (d-AB) by conducting a comparative analysis of electromyographic (EMG) data from individuals with and without awareness of diurnal awake bruxism (d-AB), utilizing EMG data gathered from multiple subjects. METHODS: Unilateral masseter electromyography (EMG) recordings were performed during the daytime using an ultraminiature wearable EMG device...

The conventional techniques used to fabricate terahertz metamaterials, such as photolithography and etching, face hindrances in the form of high costs, lengthy processing cycles, and environmental pollution. In contrast, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drop-on-demand (DOD) printing technology holds promise as an additive manufacturing method capable of producing micrometer- and nanometer-scale patterns rapidly and cost-effectively. However, achieving stable large-area printing proves challenging due to issues related to charge accumulation in insulated substrates and inconsistent meniscus vibration...

Detecting ferroelectricity at micro- and nanoscales is crucial for advanced nanomaterials and materials with complicated topography. Switching Spectroscopy Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (SSPFM), which involves measuring piezoelectric hysteresis loops via a scanning probe microscopy tip, is a widely accepted approach to characterize polarization reversal at the local scale and confirm ferroelectricity. However, the local hysteresis loops acquired through this method often exhibit unpredictable shapes, a phenomenon often attributed to the influence of parasitic factors such as electrostatic forces and current flow...

Background: Adolescence, a developmental stage, is characterized by psychosocial and biological changes. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a striatal brain region composed of the core (NAcC) and shell (NAcSh), has been linked to risk-taking behavior and implicated in reward seeking and evaluation. Most neurons in the NAc are medium spiny neurons (MSNs) that express dopamine D1 receptors (D1R+) and/or dopamine D2 receptors (D2R+). Changes in dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems occur during adolescence and converge in the NAc...

Bipolar sequences can be readily transmitted by ultrasound (US) pulser hardware with the full driving voltage to boost the echo magnitude in B-mode monitoring of HIFU treatment. In this study, a novel single-transmit bipolar sequence with minimum-peak-sidelobe (MPS) level is developed not only to restore the image quality of US monitoring but also remove acoustic interference from simultaneous HIFU transmission. The proposed MPS code is designed with an equal number of positive and negative bits and the bit duration should be an integer multiple of the period of the HIFU waveform...

Electroporation is used in medicine for drug and gene delivery, and as a nonthermal ablation method in tumor treatment and cardiac ablation. Electroporation involves delivering high-voltage electric pulses to target tissue; however, this can cause effects beyond the intended target tissue like nerve stimulation, muscle contractions and pain, requiring use of sedatives or anesthetics. It was previously shown that adjusting pulse parameters may mitigate some of these effects, but not how these adjustments would affect electroporation's efficacy...

The health and fitness of the human body rely heavily on physiological parameters. These parameters can be measured using various tools such as ECG, EMG, EEG, EOG, among others, to obtain real-time physiological data. Analysing the bio-signals obtained from these measurements can provide valuable information that can be used to improve health-care in terms of observation, diagnosis, and treatment. In bio-signal pattern recognition applications, more channels provide multiple information simultaneously. Different biosignal acquisition devices are available in the market, most of which are designed for specific signals like ECG, EMG, EEG etc...