Assessment of learners

BACKGROUND: Machine learning (ML) classifiers are increasingly used for predicting cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related risk factors using omics data, although these outcomes often exhibit categorical nature and class imbalances. However, little is known about which ML classifier, omics data, or upstream dimension reduction strategy has the strongest influence on prediction quality in such settings. Our study aimed to illustrate and compare different machine learning strategies to predict CVD risk factors under different scenarios...

BACKGROUND: Despite the prevalence of non-English languages in the US population, existing medical training to teach communication with linguistically diverse communities is limited to electives or solely focuses on medical interpreting. Language-appropriate communication skills are seldom comprehensively integrated in medical education. This study describes the development and evaluation of an intervention to teach foundational language equity concepts. METHODS: The authors implemented a pre-clinical language equity course at three medical school campuses between August 2020 and March 2022...

BACKGROUND: Vascular pathologies of the head and neck are rare but can present as musculoskeletal problems. The International Federation of Orthopedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (IFOMPT) Cervical Framework (Framework) aims to assist evidence-based clinical reasoning for safe assessment and management of the cervical spine considering potential for vascular pathology. Clinical reasoning is critical to physiotherapy, and developing high-level clinical reasoning is a priority for postgraduate (post-licensure) educational programs...

This study expands on previous SLA research by focusing on learning collocational rules. The study also explores the interaction between exposure conditions, awareness, and item-related variables in the context of collocation learning. Chinese learners of English were exposed to sentences from large corpora, featuring four target node verbs (replaced with pseudowords) and their respective noun collocates. There are two pairs of novel verbs with different L1-L2 congruencies in the experimental material. Participants were divided into incidental and intentional groups...

The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent policies (e.g., social distancing, travel restrictions) challenged both organizers for and attendees of programs typically held in-person. Many scientific training programs quickly adapted to virtual formats by incorporating digital assets developed for virtual learning and remote social engagement. At the outset, the value of continuing digital elements with future in-person events was unclear. To examine how virtual resources supported heterogeneous professional training programs, we reviewed survey data for a 14-year-old training program for scientific professionals titled Isotope Tracers in Metabolic Research: Principles and Practice of Kinetic Analysis ...

INTRODUCTION: Efforts to improve medication access in low-and middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, have made progress, especially in the fight against infectious diseases such as tuberculosis. However, challenges exist in establishing effective pharmacovigilance systems. The PhArmacoVIgilance Africa (PAVIA) project was committed to enhancing pharmacovigilance in Tanzania, Eswatini, Nigeria, and Ethiopia, with an emphasis on anti-tuberculosis drugs, utilizing various methods, including training...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) offer a suitable means to assess the cognitive domain of learners with a high degree of objectivity. The study's objective is to formulate an equation for determining the ideal timing for MCQ examinations, thereby inspiring the development of a model to estimate the duration of these examinations. METHODS: The authors generated a specific computer program that integrated with the operating system of the examination...

This paper investigates the integration of augmented reality (AR) technology into English translation teaching for college students, emphasizing the pivotal role of innovative teaching methods in enhancing students' translation skills and learning experiences. To address the issue of insufficient interest in English translation teaching, the paper initially assesses the purpose and significance of learning English translation through a questionnaire survey, elucidating challenges encountered in English language acquisition...

BACKGROUND: In this study, we investigated the association between motivation, cognitive load, difficulty, and performance in a stroke education outreach program implemented for middle school students. METHODS: Various interactive instructional activities were developed to engage students throughout the program to assess cognitive and intrinsic load arising from learner implementation of various tasks in a stroke education program for middle school kids. Performance was measured using a post-test to assess knowledge gained by the 6th, 7th, and 8th-grade middle school students...

INTRODUCTION: Lifelong learning is the foundation for professionals to maintain competence and proficiency in several aspects of economy and medicine. Until now, there is no evidence of overconfidence (the belief to be better than others or tested) and clinical tribalism (the belief that one's own group outperforms others) in the specialty of health economics. We investigated the hypothesis of overconfidence effects and their relation to learning motivation and motivational patterns in healthcare providers regarding healthcare economics...

INTRODUCTION: Integrated clinical education (ICE) courses require opportunities for practice, assessment of performance, and specific feedback. The purposes of this study were to 1) analyze the internal consistency of a tool for evaluating students during ICE courses, 2) examine the responsiveness of the tool between midterm and final assessments, and 3) develop a model to predict the final score from midterm assessments and explore relationships among the 6 domains. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: Several clinical education assessment tools have been developed for terminal clinical experiences, but few have focused on the needs of learners during the ICE...

INTRODUCTION: Clinical teaching cases are a cornerstone of health professions education programs, but cases historically have lacked diversity and have the potential to reinforce essentialism. In this article, we describe the creation, implementation, and feasibility assessment of a professional development workshop aimed at integrating an existing bias reduction tool into discussion and revision of teaching cases. METHODS: Six 60-minute workshops were held introducing "The Race and Culture Guide for Editors of Teaching Cases" to different health profession education programs wherein all participants worked in small groups to critique and edit two sample teaching cases...

Many health professions schools host anatomy outreach sessions for high school students that utilize anatomical donors. However, teaching with anatomical donors for younger learners is uncommon. This study aimed to assess the comfort levels and experiences of students who attended the anatomy sessions as part of summer programs at Rutgers New Jersey Medical School. Younger learners (students entering grades 7-10; n = 25) and older learners (students entering grades 11-12; n = 33) completed pre- and post-session surveys about their comfort using a 5-point Likert scale...

OBJECTIVE: Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are a crucial component of contemporary postgraduate medical education with many surgery residency programs having implemented EPAs as a competency assessment framework to assess and provide feedback on the performance of their residents. Despite broad implementation of EPAs, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the impact of EPAs on the learners and learning environments. A first step in improving understanding of the use and impact of EPAs is by mapping the rising number of EPA-related publications from the field of surgery...

BACKGROUND: Resuscitation is a team effort, and it is increasingly acknowledged that team cooperation requires training. Staff shortages in many healthcare systems worldwide, as well as recent pandemic restrictions, limit opportunities for collaborative team training. To address this challenge, a learner-centred approach known as flipped learning has been successfully implemented. This model comprises self-directed, asynchronous pre-course learning, followed by knowledge application and skill training during in-class sessions...

Performance during training is a poor predictor of long-term retention. Worse yet, conditions of training that produce rapidly improving performance typically do not produce long-lasting, generalizable learning. As a result, learners and instructors alike can be misled into adopting training or educational experiences that are suboptimal for producing actual learning. Computer-based educational training platforms can counter this unfortunate tendency by providing only productive conditions of instruction-even if they are unintuitive (e...

OBJECTIVE: UK endoscopy training is delivered by trainers possessing well developed endoscopy and teaching skills to help learners perform high-quality endoscopy. Train The Trainer (TTT) courses are effective, but additional trainer support is variable with little formal quality assurance. We performed a survey to map UK endoscopy training, assess trainer perspectives on training delivery and identify factors that would enhance training. DESIGN/METHOD: An online survey was designed by trainer representatives, in collaboration with the JAG training committee, and collected responses from trainers registered on JAG endoscopy training system e-portfolio from April to June 2022...

BACKGROUND: In Switzerland, palliative care (PC) clinical training is well established at undergraduate and specialist postgraduate levels. However, postgraduate nonspecialist training curricula are less documented. LOCAL PROBLEM: A structured curriculum for nonspecialist rotation within internal medicine (IM) in specialized PC wards is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To pilot two versions of a PC nonspecialist curriculum for IM residents in Swiss PC units...

In response to global demands, Uganda's Vision 2040 seeks to transform the country into a modern and prosperous nation by implementing Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4, focusing on equitable and quality education. The 21st-century workforce requires individuals who can effectively navigate complex workplace challenges. This dataset was gathered from Form-2 Ugandan secondary school students (aged 12 to 15) across 12 schools in the Sheema District. The dataset comprises three types of data: students' performance in a physics topic (simple machines), their attitudes toward problem-solving and critical thinking when learning physics using Problem-Based Learning (PBL) supplemented by YouTube videos, and classroom observations documented with the reformed teaching observational protocol (RTOP)...

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic may have influenced partner-seeking and sexual behaviors of adults. METHODS: We examined cross-sectional survey data collected at the end of the first year (n = 1,161) and second year (n = 1,233) of the COVID-19 pandemic by the National Opinion Research Center's (NORC) nationally representative, probability-based AmeriSpeak panel. Data were analyzed to: 1) quantify behavioral changes across pandemic years, 2) examine changes of in-person dating prevalence during year 2, and 3) assess risk perception for acquiring COVID-19 or HIV/STIs through new partnerships during year 2...