keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533149/a-case-report-of-pediatric-rehabilitation-for-hypoxic-ischemic-encephalopathy-associated-with-global-developmental-delay
#1
Prajyot Ankar, H V Sharath, Nitika Chavan
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a critical condition affecting neonates due to oxygen deprivation and insufficient flow of blood to the brain. It is associated with high neonatal mortality and the risk of developmental psychomotor disorders, including cerebral palsy. The global epidemiology of HIE reveals significant disparities, with more advanced healthcare systems reporting lower incidence rates. The aim of the study is to contribute to the understanding of effective rehabilitation strategies for children with HIE and global developmental delay (GDD), with the goal of improving outcomes and quality of life for these individuals...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532013/haemodynamics-of-stent-mounted-neural-interfaces-in-tapered-and-deformed-blood-vessels
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Weijie Qi, Andrew Ooi, David B Grayden, Nicholas L Opie, Sam E John
The endovascular neural interface provides an appealing minimally invasive alternative to invasive brain electrodes for recording and stimulation. However, stents placed in blood vessels have long been known to affect blood flow (haemodynamics) and lead to neointimal growth within the blood vessel. Both the stent elements (struts and electrodes) and blood vessel wall geometries can affect the mechanical environment on the blood vessel wall, which could lead to unfavourable vascular remodelling after stent placement...
March 27, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529366/the-alterations-in-the-brain-corresponding-to-low-back-pain-recent-insights-and-advances
#3
REVIEW
Xuyang Li, Fancheng Meng, Wenye Huang, Yue Cui, Fanbo Meng, Shengxi Wu, Hui Xu
Low back pain (LBP) is a leading cause of global disabilities. Numerous molecular, cellular, and anatomical factors are implicated in LBP. Current issues regarding neurologic alterations in LBP have focused on the reorganization of peripheral nerve and spinal cord, but neural mechanisms of exactly what LBP impacts on the brain required further researches. Based on existing clinical studies that chronic pain problems were accompanying alterations in brain structures and functions, researchers proposed logical conjectures that similar alterations occur in LBP patients as well...
2024: Neural Plasticity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512676/detection-of-glymphatic-outflow-of-tau-from-brain-to-cerebrospinal-fluid-in-mice
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kazuhisa Ishida, Kaoru Yamada
Glymphatic system denotes a brain-wide pathway that eliminates extracellular solutes from brain. It is driven by the flow of brain interstitial fluid (ISF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) via perivascular spaces. Glymphatic convective flow is driven by cerebral arterial pulsation, which is facilitated by a water channel, aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expressed in astrocytic end-foot processes. Since its discovery, the glymphatic system receives a considerable scientific attention due to its pivotal role in clearing metabolic waste as well as neurotoxic substances such as amyloid b peptide...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509404/sex-and-gender-in-population-neuroscience
#5
REVIEW
Daniel E Vosberg
To understand psychiatric and neurological disorders and the structural and functional properties of the human brain, it is essential to consider the roles of sex and gender. In this chapter, I first define sex and gender and describe studies of sex differences in non-human animals. In humans, I describe the sex differences in behavioral and clinical phenotypes and neuroimaging-derived phenotypes, including whole-brain measures, regional subcortical and cortical measures, and structural and functional connectivity...
March 21, 2024: Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508082/an-8%C3%A2-mm-endoscopic-histotripsy-array-with-integrated-high-resolution-ultrasound-imaging
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew G Mallay, Thomas G Landry, Jeremy A Brown
An 8 mm diameter, image-guided, annular array histotripsy transducer was fabricated and characterized. The array was laser etched on a 5 MHz, 1-3 dice and fill, PZT-5H/epoxy composite with a 45 % volume fraction. Flexible PCBs were used to electrically connect to the array elements using wirebonds. The array was backed with a low acoustic impedance epoxy mixture. A 3.6 by 3.8 mm, 64-element, 30 MHz phased array imaging probe was positioned in the center hole, to co-align the imaging plane with the bubble cloud produced by the therapy array...
March 17, 2024: Ultrasonics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502583/cerebellum-and-aging-update-and-challenges
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher L McElroy, Brian Wang, Hongxia Zhang, Kunlin Jin
The cerebellum plays a vital role in the aging process. With the aging of the cerebellum, there is a decline in balance and motor function, particularly fine motor skills, and an increased risk of falling. However, in recent years, numerous studies have revealed that the cerebellum has several roles beyond balance and fine motor skills, such as cognitive function and memory. It also plays a role in many neurodegenerative diseases. Interestingly, the cerebellum ages more rapidly than other brain regions, including the hippocampus...
March 1, 2024: Aging and Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493187/beyond-the-microcirculation-sequestration-of-infected-red-blood-cells-and-reduced-flow-in-large-draining-veins-in-experimental-cerebral-malaria
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A M Oelschlegel, R Bhattacharjee, P Wenk, K Harit, H-J Rothkötter, S P Koch, P Boehm-Sturm, K Matuschewski, E Budinger, D Schlüter, J Goldschmidt, G Nishanth
Sequestration of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) in the microcirculation is a hallmark of cerebral malaria (CM) in post-mortem human brains. It remains controversial how this might be linked to the different disease manifestations, in particular brain swelling leading to brain herniation and death. The main hypotheses focus on iRBC-triggered inflammation and mechanical obstruction of blood flow. Here, we test these hypotheses using murine models of experimental CM (ECM), SPECT-imaging of radiolabeled iRBCs and cerebral perfusion, MR-angiography, q-PCR, and immunohistochemistry...
March 16, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485004/serum-s100b-protein-and-white-matter-changes-in-schizophrenia-before-and-after-medication
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Han Shi, Yan Zhang, YongFeng Yang, HaiSan Zhang, WenQiang Li, ZhaoXi Zhong, LuXian Lv
Schizophrenia patients have abnormalities in white matter (WM) integrity in brain regions. S100B has been shown to be a marker protein for glial cells. The atypical antipsychotics have neuroprotective effects on the brain. It is not clear whether antipsychotics can induce S100B changes and improve symptoms by protecting oligodendrocytes. To investigate WM and S100B changes and associations and determine the effect of quetiapine on WM and S100B in schizophrenia patients, we determined serum S100B levels with solid phase immunochromatography and fractional anisotropy(FA)values of 36 patients and 40 healthy controls...
March 12, 2024: Brain Research Bulletin
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38445697/advances-in-aerosol-formulation-for-targeted-delivery-of-therapeutic-agents-from-nose-to-brain
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shristy Verma, Pramod Kumar Sharma, Rishabha Malviya
The intricate anatomical and physiological barriers that prohibit pharmaceuticals from entering the brain continue to provide a noteworthy hurdle to the efficient distribution of medications to brain tissues. These barriers prevent the movement of active therapeutic agents into the brain. The present manuscript aims to describe the various aspects of brain-targeted drug delivery through the nasal route. The primary transport mechanism for drug absorption from the nose to the brain is the paracellular/extracellular mechanism, which allows for rapid drug transfer...
March 5, 2024: Current Drug Delivery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38441788/jam2-variants-can-be-more-common-in-primary-familial-brain-calcification-pfbc-cases-than-those-appear-may-be-due-to-a-founder-mutation
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mana Khojasteh, Parsa Soleimani, Aida Ghasemi, Peyman Taghizadeh, Mohammad Rohani, Afagh Alavi
INTRODUCTION: Mutations in JAM2 have been linked to ~ 2% of primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) cases. PFBC is a rare neurological disorder characterized by excessive calcium deposition in the brain. It causes movement disorders and psychiatric problems. Six other genes were identified as causing PFBC. However, the genetic basis of ~ 50% of PFBC cases remains unknown. This study presented the results of a comprehensive analysis of five unrelated Iranian PFBC families...
March 5, 2024: Neurological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38431013/discovery-of-potential-taar1-agonist-targeting-neurological-and-psychiatric-disorders-an-in-silico-approach
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vasavi Garisetti, Anantha Krishnan Dhanabalan, Gayathri Dasararaju
Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) is a G-protein-coupled receptor which is primarily expressed in the brain. It is activated by trace amines which play a role in regulating neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. TAAR1 agonists have potential applications in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia. In this study, we have used a structure-based virtual screening approach to identify potential TAAR1 agonist(s). We have modelled the structure of TAAR1 and predicted the binding pocket...
February 29, 2024: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38428836/cannabinoids-in-the-treatment-of-selected-mental-illnesses-practical-approach-and-overview-of-the-literature
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kirsten R Müller-Vahl
Although an increasing number of patients suffering from mental illnesses self-medicate with cannabis , current knowledge about the efficacy and safety of cannabis -based medicine in psychiatry is still extremely limited. So far, no cannabis -based finished product has been approved for the treatment of a mental illness. There is increasing evidence that cannabinoids may improve symptoms in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Tourette syndrome (TS), anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). According to surveys, patients often use cannabinoids to improve mood, sleep, and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...
March 1, 2024: Pharmacopsychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38419106/a-review-on-traditional-chinese-medicine-natural-products-and-acupuncture-intervention-for-alzheimer-s-disease-based-on-the-neuroinflammatory
#14
REVIEW
Zhihan Chen, Xinrui Wang, Simin Du, Qi Liu, Zhifang Xu, Yi Guo, Xiaowei Lin
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with insidious onset and progressive development. It is clinically characterized by cognitive impairment, memory impairment and behavioral change. Chinese herbal medicine and acupuncture are important components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and are commonly used in clinical treatment of AD. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine natural products and acupuncture treatment of AD, which combined with existing clinical and preclinical evidence, based on a comprehensive review of neuroinflammation, and discusses the efficacy and potential mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine natural products and acupuncture treatment of AD...
February 28, 2024: Chinese Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38418149/-in-vivo-evaluation-of-brain-18-f-f-fdg-uptake-pattern-under-different-anaesthesia-protocols
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zita Kepes, Viktória Arato, Csaba Csikos, Eva Hegedus, Regina Esze, Tamas Nagy, Istvan Joszai, Miklos Emri, Istvan Kertesz, Gyorgy Trencsenyi
BACKGROUND/AIM: Since the use of anaesthetics has the drawback of altering radiotracer distribution, preclinical positron emission tomography (PET) imaging findings of anaesthetised animals must be carefully handled. This study aimed at assessing the cerebral [18 F]F-FDG uptake pattern in healthy Wistar rats under four different anaesthesia protocols using microPET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Post-injection of 15±1...
2024: In Vivo
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38406844/brain-atrophy-reduced-cerebral-perfusion-arterial-stiffening-and-wall-thickening-with-ageing-coincide-with-stimulus-specific-changes-in-fmri-bold-responses
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicole S Coverdale, Allen A Champagne, Matti Douglas Allen, Joshua C Tremblay, Tarrah S Ethier, Juan Fernandez-Ruiz, Rory A Marshall, Rebecca E K MacPherson, Kyra E Pyke, Douglas J Cook, T Dylan Olver
The aim of this study was to investigate how aging affects blood flow and structure of the brain. It was hypothesized older individuals would have lower grey matter volume (GMV), resting cerebral blood flow (CBF0 ), and depressed responses to iso-metabolic and neuro-metabolic stimuli. Additionally, increased carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and decreased brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) would be associated with lower CBF0 , cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and GMV...
February 26, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38386201/covid-19-and-the-brain-understanding-the-pathogenesis-and-consequences-of-neurological-damage
#17
REVIEW
Sumaiya Tasnim Maliha, Rabeya Fatemi, Yusha Araf
SARS-CoV-2 has been known remarkably since December 2019 as a strain of pathogenic coronavirus. Starting from the earlier stages of the COVID-19 pandemic until now, we have witnessed many cases of neurological damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. There are many studies and research conducted on COVID-19-positive-patients that have found brain-related abnormalities with clear neurological symptoms, ranging from simple headaches to life-threatening strokes. For treating neurological damage, knowing the actual pathway or mechanism of causing brain damage via SARS-CoV-2 is very important...
February 22, 2024: Molecular Biology Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378356/mucormycosis-presenting-as-intestinal-perforation-a-pathologist-perspective
#18
Pallavi Saraf, Jyotsna Naresh Bharti
Mucormycosis is a life-threatening fungal infection mostly involving the ocular region, sinuses and brain. It is mostly seen in the immunocompromised host. Gastrointestinal (GI) mucormycosis is rare and mostly present as hematemesis, abdominal pain and melena. Here, we present a case of intestinal mucormycosis who presented as cecal perforation. Surgical resection was done, and the diagnosis was made by histopathology. Our case is unique in the way that GI mucormycosis is itself a rare entity and even rarer in an immunocompetent host...
February 19, 2024: Arab Journal of Gastroenterology: the Official Publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38369032/neurosteroids-a-potential-target-for-neuropsychiatric-disorders
#19
REVIEW
Mengyu Wang, Suwan Hu, Xinghuo Fu, Huixuan Zhou, Siqi Yang, Chun Yang
Neurosteroids are steroids produced by endocrine glands and subsequently entering the brain, and also include steroids synthesis in the brain. It has been widely known that neurosteroids influence many neurological functions, including neuronal signaling, synaptic adaptations, and neuroprotective effects. In addition, abnormality in the synthesis and function of neurosteroids has been closely linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), schizophrenia (SZ), and epilepsy. Given their important role in brain pathophysiology and disorders, neurosteroids offer potential therapeutic targets for a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases, and that therapeutic strategies targeting neurosteroids probably exert beneficial effects...
February 16, 2024: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38356471/cerebrospinal-fluid-biomarker-profiling-of-diverse-pathophysiological-domains-in-alzheimer-s-disease
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bianca A Trombetta, Chao-Yi Wu, Evan Kuo, Matthijs B de Geus, Hiroko H Dodge, Becky C Carlyle, Pia Kivisäkk, Steven E Arnold
INTRODUCTION: While Alzheimer's disease (AD) is defined by amyloid-β plaques and tau tangles in the brain, it is evident that many other pathophysiological processes such as inflammation, neurovascular dysfunction, oxidative stress, and metabolic derangements also contribute to the disease process and that varying contributions of these pathways may reflect the heterogeneity of AD. Here, we used a previously validated panel of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers to explore the degree to which different pathophysiological domains are dysregulated in AD and how they relate to each other...
2024: Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions
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