keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38144169/urine-metabolite-analysis-to-identify-pathomechanisms-of-long-covid-a-pilot-study
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maja Taenzer, Judith Löffler-Ragg, Andrea Schroll, Pablo Monfort-Lanzas, Sabine Engl, Günter Weiss, Natascha Brigo, Katharina Kurz
BACKGROUND: Around 10% of people who had COVID-9 infection suffer from persistent symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnoea, chest pain, arthralgia/myalgia, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction and impairment of mental health. Different underlying pathomechanisms appear to be involved, in particular inflammation, alterations in amino acid metabolism, autonomic dysfunction and gut dysbiosis. AIM: As routine tests are often inconspicuous in patients with Long COVID (LC), similarly to patients suffering from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), accessible biomarkers indicating dysregulation of specific pathways are urgently needed to identify underlying pathomechanisms and enable personalized medicine treatment...
2023: International Journal of Tryptophan Research: IJTR
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38070656/ndufs4-ko-mice-a-model-to-study-comorbid-mood-disorders-associated-with-mitochondrial-dysfunction
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniël van Rensburg, Zander Lindeque, Brian H Harvey, Stephan F Steyn
The Ndufs4 knockout (KO) mouse is a validated and robust preclinical model of mitochondrial diseases (specifically Leigh syndrome), that displays a narrow window of relative phenotypical normality, despite its inherent mitochondrial complex I dysfunction and severe phenotype. Preclinical observations related to psychiatric comorbidities that arise in patients with mitochondrial diseases and indeed in Leigh syndrome are, however, yet to be investigated in this model. Strengthening this narrative is the fact that major depression and bipolar disorder are known to present with deficits in mitochondrial function...
December 7, 2023: Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37991535/effect-modification-of-tumor-necrosis-factor-%C3%AE-on-the-kynurenine-and-serotonin-pathways-in-major-depressive-disorder-on-type-2-diabetes-mellitus
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naomichi Okamoto, Takashi Hoshikawa, Yuichi Honma, Enkhmurun Chibaatar, Atsuko Ikenouchi, Masaru Harada, Reiji Yoshimura
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The kynurenine and serotonin pathways, as well as chronic low-grade inflammation, are being considered potential links between them. MDD associated with T2DM is less responsive to treatment than that without T2DM; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. We aimed to investigate the effects of inflammatory cytokines on the kynurenine and serotonin pathways in patients with comorbid MDD and T2DM and those with only MDD...
November 22, 2023: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37977808/-ketamine-a-new-antidepressant-drug-with-anti-inflammatory-properties
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marta Jóźwiak-Bębenista, Paulina Sokołowska, Anna Wiktorowska-Owczarek, Edward Kowalczyk, Monika Sienkiewcz
Ketamine is a new, potent and rapid-acting antidepressant approved for therapy of treatment-resistant depression, which has a different mechanism of action than currently-available antidepressant therapies. It owes its uniquely potent antidepressant properties to a complex mechanism of action, which currently remains unclear. However, it is thought that it acts by modulating the functioning of the glutamatergic system, which plays an important role in the process of neuroplasticity associated with depression...
November 17, 2023: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37964733/nutritional-considerations-in-major-depressive-disorder-current-evidence-and-functional-testing-for-clinical-practice
#25
REVIEW
Kathryn Khiroya, Eric Sekyere, Bradley McEwen, Jessica Bayes
Depression is a multifaceted condition with diverse underlying causes. Several contributing and inter-related factors such as genetic, nutritional, neurological, physiological, gut-brain-axis, metabolic and psychological stress factors play a role in the pathophysiology of depression. This review aims to highlight the role that nutritional factors play in the aetiology of depression. Secondly, we discuss the biomedical and functional pathology tests which measure these factors, and the current evidence supporting their use...
November 15, 2023: Nutrition Research Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37941970/biological-correlates-of-treatment-resistant-depression-a-review-of-peripheral-biomarkers
#26
REVIEW
Emiliana Mancuso, Gaia Sampogna, Alessia Boiano, Bianca Della Rocca, Matteo Di Vincenzo, Maria Vita Lapadula, Flavia Martinelli, Federico Lucci, Mario Luciano
INTRODUCTION: Many patients fail to respond to multiple antidepressant interventions, being defined as "treatment-resistant depression" (TRD) patients. TRD is usually associated with increased severity and chronicity of symptoms, increased risk of comorbidity, and higher suicide rates, which make the clinical management challenging. Efforts to distinguish between TRD patients and those who will respond to treatment have been unfruitful so far. Several studies have tried to identify the biological, psychopathological, and psychosocial correlates of depression, with particular attention to the inflammatory system...
2023: Frontiers in Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37939652/toxoplasma-gondii-igg-serointensity-is-positively-associated-with-frailty
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hira Mohyuddin, Blanca Laffon, João P Teixeira, Solange Costa, Armanda Teixeira-Gomes, Eduardo Pásaro, Niel Constantine, Aline Dagdag, Heidi K Ortmeyer, Boris Tizenberg, Liubov Afram, Poyu Yen, Christopher Marano, Christopher A Lowry, Andrew J Hoisington, Jill A RachBeisel, Vanessa Valdiglesias, Carlota Lema-Arranz, Natalia Fernández-Bertólez, Ana Maseda, José C Millán-Calenti, Elizabeth J Kovacs, Johanna M Gostner, Dietmar Fuchs, Lisa A Brenner, Laura Lorenzo-López, Teodor T Postolache
BACKGROUND: Persistent inflammation related to aging ("inflammaging") is exacerbated by chronic infections and contributes to frailty in older adults. We hypothesized associations between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a common parasite causing an oligosymptomatic unremitting infection, and frailty, and secondarily between T. gondii and previously reported markers of immune activation in frailty. METHODS: We analyzed available demographic, social, and clinical data in Spanish and Portuguese older adults [N = 601; age: mean (SD) 77...
November 6, 2023: Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37895892/crosstalk-between-exercise-derived-endocannabinoidome-and-kynurenines-potential-target-therapies-for-obesity-and-depression-symptoms
#28
REVIEW
Tiffany Wences Chirino, Edgar Rangel López, Alexandra Luna Angulo, Paul Carrillo Mora, Carlos Landa Solis, María Alejandra Samudio Cruz, Alim C Fuentes Bello, Rogelio Paniagua Pérez, Juan Ríos Martínez, Laura Sánchez Chapul
The kynurenine pathway (KP) and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) are known to be deregulated in depression and obesity; however, it has been recognized that acute physical exercise has an important modulating role inducing changes in the mobilization of their respective metabolites-endocannabinoids (eCBs) and kynurenines (KYNs)-which overlap at some points, acting as important antidepressant, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant biomarkers. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze and discuss some recently performed studies to investigate the potential interactions between both systems, particularly those related to exercise-derived endocannabinoidome and kynurenine mechanisms, and to elucidate how prescription of physical exercise could represent a new approach for the clinical management of these two conditions...
October 5, 2023: Pharmaceuticals
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37895304/apoe-polymorphism-is-associated-with-changes-in-the-kynurenine-pathway
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Per G Farup, Helge Rootwelt, Knut Hestad
BACKGROUND: APOE polymorphism and the Kynurenine pathway (KP) are associated with many disorders, but little is known about associations between APOE polymorphism and the KP. This study explored the associations between the KP and APOE polymorphism in disorders associated with APOE polymorphism and changes in the KP. METHODS: Subjects with morbid obesity before and after bariatric surgery (numbers 139 and 95, respectively), depression (number 49), and unspecified neurological symptoms (number 39) were included...
October 18, 2023: Genes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37885113/circadian-rhythms-and-sleep-disorders-associated-to-major-depressive-disorder-pathophysiology-and-therapeutic-opportunities
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luana M Manosso, Luciano A Duarte, Nicoly S Martinello, Gisiane B Mathia, Gislaine Z Réus
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex mood disorder. While much progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of MDD, no single mechanism can explain all facets of this disorder. Several studies show that disturbances in biological rhythms can lead to the development of MDD. Indeed, insomnia or hypersomnia are symptoms included in the MDD diagnostic criteria. Clinical studies and meta-analyses showed a strong relationship between MDD and sleep disorders. Sleep disorder and MDD are associated with activation in the hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammation...
October 25, 2023: CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37867499/saffron-extract-interferes-with-lipopolysaccharide-induced-brain-activation-of-the-kynurenine-pathway-and-impairment-of-monoamine-neurotransmission-in-mice
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Camille Monchaux de Oliveira, Jennifer Morael, Alexandrine Guille, Camille Amadieu, Sylvie Vancassel, David Gaudout, Lucile Capuron, Line Pourtau, Nathalie Castanon
BACKGROUND: Although activation of inflammatory processes is essential to fight infections, its prolonged impact on brain function is well known to contribute to the pathophysiology of many medical conditions, including neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, identifying novel strategies to selectively counter the harmful effects of neuroinflammation appears as a major health concern. In that context, this study aimed to test the relevance of a nutritional intervention with saffron, a spice known for centuries for its beneficial effect on health...
2023: Frontiers in Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37852343/major-depressive-disorder-as-a-neuro-immune-disorder-origin-mechanisms-and-therapeutic-opportunities
#32
REVIEW
Gislaine Z Réus, Luana M Manosso, João Quevedo, André F Carvalho
Notwithstanding advances in understanding the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), no single mechanism can explain all facets of this disorder. An expanding body of evidence indicates a putative role for the inflammatory response. Several meta-analyses showed an increase in systemic peripheral inflammatory markers in individuals with MDD. Numerous conditions and circumstances in the modern world may promote chronic systemic inflammation through mechanisms, including alterations in the gut microbiota...
October 16, 2023: Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37800206/microbiota-diversity-and-inflammation-as-a-new-target-to-improve-mood-probiotic-use-in-depressive-disorder
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas Dubois, Nicolas Zdanowicz, Denis Jacques, Brice Lepiece, Carole Jassogne
BACKGROUND: There is a lot of evidence for a bidirectional communication between the gut and brain. Dysbiosis and increase intestinal permeability may lead to a systemic low-grade inflammatory response or various neuroactive bacterial metabolite may cross gut barrier. Pro-inflammatory cytokines or bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) are known to pass through blood brain barrier and altered neurotransmitter metabolism or increase production of neurotoxic pathways...
October 2023: Psychiatria Danubina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37775532/organic-cation-transporter-2-contributes-to-ssri-antidepressant-efficacy-by-controlling-tryptophan-availability-in-the-brain
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alejandro Orrico-Sanchez, Bruno P Guiard, Stella Manta, Jacques Callebert, Jean-Marie Launay, Franck Louis, Antoine Paccard, Carole Gruszczynski, Catalina Betancur, Vincent Vialou, Sophie Gautron
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) are common first-line treatments for major depression. However, a significant number of depressed patients do not respond adequately to these pharmacological treatments. In the present preclinical study, we demonstrate that organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), an atypical monoamine transporter, contributes to the effects of SSRI by regulating the routing of the essential amino acid tryptophan to the brain. Contrarily to wild-type mice, OCT2-invalidated mice failed to respond to prolonged fluoxetine treatment in a chronic depression model induced by corticosterone exposure recapitulating core symptoms of depression, i...
September 29, 2023: Translational Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37769277/attenuation-of-chronic-stress-induced-depressive-like-symptoms-by-fish-oil-via-alleviating-neuroinflammation-and-impaired-tryptophan-metabolism-in-aging-rats
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Te-Hsuan Tung, Wen-De Lai, Hsiu-Chuan Lee, Kuan-Pin Su, Binar Panunggal, Shih-Yi Huang
The prevalence of depression is increasing, and geriatric depression, in particular, is difficult to recognize and treat. Depression in older adults is often accompanied by neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinflammation affects the brain's physiological and immune functions through several pathways and induces depressive symptoms. This study investigated the relationship among depression, neuroinflammation, and fish oil supplementation. Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in an aging-related depression animal model to simulate geriatric depression...
September 28, 2023: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37763175/systemic-inflammatory-response-index-siri-at-baseline-predicts-clinical-response-for-a-subset-of-treatment-resistant-bipolar-depressed-patients
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephen Murata, Nausheen Baig, Kyle Decker, Angelos Halaris
Background : in a recent double-blind, placebo controlled RCT we demonstrated that selective inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX2) is an effective adjunctive strategy in treatment-resistant bipolar depression (TRBDD). To better clarify the mechanisms underlying TRBDD and treatment response, we conducted a retrospective exploratory analysis of the systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI = absolute neutrophils × absolute monocytes/absolute lymphocytes) in relation to other biomarkers and clinical outcomes after escitalopram (ESC), combined with the COX-2 inhibitor, celecoxib (CBX), versus placebo...
September 20, 2023: Journal of Personalized Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37746906/ido-kynurenine-pathway-mediates-nlrp3-inflammasome-activation-induced-postoperative-cognitive-impairment-in-aged-mice
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jian Lu, Ye Zhang, Qian Hao, Hongmei Zhou, Youming Zong
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common postoperative complication, especially in elderly patients. It extends hospital stay, increases the mortality rate and are heavy burdens to the family and society. Accumulating research has indicated that overactivation of pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes is related to POCD. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in activating pro-inflammatory cytokines. According to existing studies, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is potently up-regulated by inflammatory factors, tryptophan in brain is mainly catalyzed by IDO to kynurenine (KYN), IDO-Kynurenine metabolism may contribute to the development of depressive disorder and memory deficits...
September 25, 2023: International Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37735504/sex-and-suicide-specific-alterations-in-the-kynurenine-pathway-in-the-anterior-cingulate-cortex-in-major-depression
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samara J Brown, Katerina Christofides, Christin Weissleder, Xu-Feng Huang, Cynthia Shannon Weickert, Chai K Lim, Kelly A Newell
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that in extreme cases can lead to suicide. Evidence suggests that alterations in the kynurenine pathway (KP) contribute to the pathology of MDD. Activation of the KP leads to the formation of neuroactive metabolites, including kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN). To test for changes in the KP, postmortem anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was obtained from the National Institute of Health NeuroBioBank. Gene expression of KP enzymes and relevant neuroinflammatory markers were investigated via RT-qPCR (Fluidigm) and KP metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in tissue from individuals with MDD (n = 44) and matched nonpsychiatric controls (n = 36)...
September 21, 2023: Neuropsychopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37735237/frontostriatal-circuitry-and-the-tryptophan-kynurenine-pathway-in-major-psychiatric-disorders
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sugai Liang, Liansheng Zhao, Peiyan Ni, Qiang Wang, Wanjun Guo, Yan Xu, Jia Cai, Shiwan Tao, Xiaojing Li, Wei Deng, Lena Palaniyappan, Tao Li
RATIONALE: An imbalance of the tryptophan kynurenine pathway (KP) commonly occurs in psychiatric disorders, though the neurocognitive and network-level effects of this aberration are unclear. OBJECTIVES: In this study, we examined the connection between dysfunction in the frontostriatal brain circuits, imbalances in the tryptophan kynurenine pathway (KP), and neurocognition in major psychiatric disorders. METHODS: Forty first-episode medication-naive patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), fifty patients with bipolar disorder (BD), fifty patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and forty-two healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging...
September 22, 2023: Psychopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37732313/astrocyte-metabolism-and-signaling-pathways-in-the-cns
#40
REVIEW
Yong-Mei Zhang, Ying-Bei Qi, Ya-Nan Gao, Wen-Gang Chen, Ting Zhou, Yi Zang, Jia Li
Astrocytes comprise half of the cells in the central nervous system and play a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Metabolic dysfunction in astrocytes has been indicated as the primary cause of neurological diseases, such as depression, Alzheimer's disease, and epilepsy. Although the metabolic functionalities of astrocytes are well known, their relationship to neurological disorders is poorly understood. The ways in which astrocytes regulate the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids have all been implicated in neurological diseases...
2023: Frontiers in Neuroscience
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