Thyroid. Otorhinolaryngology

Thyroglossal cyst (TGC) is the most common congenital anomaly of the thyroid gland and is found in approximately 7% of general population. It represents cystic degeneration of a remnant of the thyroglossal duct that failed to involute during gestation. Malignancy occurring in TGC is rare entity, accounting only for 1% of all thyroglossal cysts. We are presenting such a rare case of papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal cyst. 30-year-old female presented with a painless, gradually progressive swelling below the chin extending to left side...

Lingual thyroid is a rare, abnormal ectopic thyroid tissue seen at the base of the tongue. It is a rare embryological anomaly caused by the failure of the descendence of the thyroid gland from the foramen caecum to its normal prelaryngeal area. The main aim of our study is to discuss recent advancements in the management of lingual thyroid using coblation technology. We are discussing the prospective study of 12 lingual thyroid cases that came to the government ENT hospital, Koti, in Hyderabad, from July 2016 to July 2023...

parapharyngeal space can have a mass of thyroid origin following metastasis from the thyroid or ectopic thyroid tissue. The extension of multinodular goiter into the parapharyngeal space is rare. A 54-year-old female presented with a 5-month history of neck mass and dyspnea. On examination, a large mass was seen on the right side of the neck which was bulging into the right parapharngeal. In the sonography, a large 50 × 57 mm cyst seen at the upper end of the right lobe of the thyroid...

Uterine leiomyosarcomas are malignant tumors that have a grim prognosis. These neoplasms have a high metastatic potential. Limited literature exists on leiomyosarcoma metastasizing to the thyroid. This case emphasizes the importance of considering metastasis as a possible cause for thyroid swelling in patients with a history of malignancy.

INTRODUCTION: Surgery in the central compartment after previous thyroidectomy involves an increased risk of injury to critical organs, including the parathyroids and recurrent laryngeal nerve. Contrastingly, primary central neck dissection involves a relatively low operative risk. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of central neck dissection in primary versus revision settings with respect to the lymph node yield and complication rates. METHODS: This single-center prospective study included patients who underwent primary or revision neck dissection surgery for histologically confirmed thyroid malignancy between January 2018 and January 2022...

PURPOSE: The involvement of the anterior commissure (AC) is regarded to be a risk factor for poor results after transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for early glottic cancer. The objective of this study was to determine how AC-related clinical and radiological factors affected oncological outcomes in a cohort of patients with T1 stage early glottic carcinoma involving the anterior commissure who were treated with TLM with negative surgical margins. METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed on clinical, radiological, and follow-up data of patients consecutively treated with TLM at a tertiary academic center between November 2011 and August 2021 for T1 glottic squamous cell carcinoma involving the anterior commissure...

OBJECTIVE: To review key evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of peripheral facial palsy in children and adults. METHODS: Task force members were educated on knowledge synthesis methods, including electronic database search, review and selection of relevant citations, and critical appraisal of selected studies. Articles written in English or Portuguese on peripheral facial palsy were eligible for inclusion. The American College of Physicians' guideline grading system and the American Thyroid Association's guideline criteria were used for critical appraisal of evidence and recommendations for therapeutic interventions...

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether preoperative administration of calcium and vitamin D prevents postoperative hypocalcemia. DATA SOURCES: A computerized search in Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL databases was performed. REVIEW METHODS: Trials comparing preoperative calcium and vitamin D administration with either placebo or nothing were eligible for inclusion. The primary outcomes were the occurrence of laboratory hypocalcemia, mean postoperative calcium level, and symptomatic hypocalcemia...

OBJECTIVES: Laryngeal cartilage defects are a major problem that greatly impacts structural integrity and function. Cartilage repair is also a challenging issue. This study evaluated the efficacy of a collagen scaffold enveloped by amniotic membrane (AM/C) on laryngeal cartilage repair. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental animal study. METHODS: Fourteen Dutch rabbits were enrolled in the study. A 5 mm cartilage defect was created in the right and left thyroid lamina...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for benign nonfunctional thyroid nodules or functional lingual thyroid gland in a pediatric population. METHODS: Four pediatric patients (four female; mean age 13.50 ± 4.04, range 8-17 years) with either benign thyroid nodules or mildly obstructive lingual thyroid glands were treated with RFA from 2020 to 2021 were evaluated. The inclusion criteria for RFA therapy were (i) age < 18 years; (ii) benign cytopathological results on ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration; (iii) pressure or pain symptoms caused by the thyroid nodules; (iv) dysphagia or obstruction caused by the lingual thyroid tissue; (v) follow up for >6 months with otolaryngology or endocrinology...

PURPOSE: Many countries have implemented unprecedented health measures since the World Health Organisation declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic. These measures have resulted in delays in the diagnosis of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). However, there is limited data on the impact of restrictions imposed during the pandemic on DTC management. Thus, the aim of this study is to analyse the clinicopathological and follow-up data of DTC patients diagnosed before and during the COVID-19 outbreak...

Based on phase III clinical studies, four multi-kinase inhibitors (MKI) are approved for the treatment of progressive radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma (rrDTC) and medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in Germany. Only recently, based on the randomized trial COSMIC-311, Cabozantinib has been approved as a second-line treatment option in advanced rrDTC. As first in-label selective RET-Inhibitor, Selpercatinib showed promising efficacy in advanced MTC (first line) with RET mutations and rrDTC (second line) with RET fusions along with fewer side effects...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nodal metastases in the central compartment are frequent in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, they are mostly micrometastases with no impact on survival and their relevance on the risk of locoregional relapse is controversial. There is no consensus regarding optimal management of the central neck in patients with PTC cN0. In our center, we do not perform prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND). The objective of this study is to review our long-term results and compare them with the most recent literature...

OBJECTIVE: Albumin is considered to be a surrogate marker for inflammation and nutritional status. Levels usually decrease after surgery but little is known about the predictive value of preoperative albumin levels in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. This study aimed to investigate the 30-day incidence of postoperative outcomes in thyroidectomy patients with and without preoperative hypoalbuminemia. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: TriNetX Database...

Objective: To explore the feasibility and efficacy for the dissection and ligation of the superior laryngeal artery in endoscopic surgery for hypopharyngeal cancer. Methods: Eight cadaveric heads were selected, and the laryngopharynxes were harvested. The positions of the superior laryngeal arteries entering the larynxes were dissected and observed under endoscopic vision, and their anatomical characteristics were summarized. Twenty-nine patients (all were male, aged 39-74 years old) with hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent transoral endoscopic surgery at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected, and the patients were randomly divided into two groups by drawing lots, namely, the superior laryngeal artery was actively dissected and occluded during surgery in observation group ( n =15) or not in control group ( n =14)...

BACKGROUND: Many studies on the quality of life (QoL) among the thyroid cancer survivors have shown conflicting results. This may be since many of these studies have not used thyroid cancer-specific questionnaires. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In our study we have translated the EORTC THY-34, validated and served it in a cross-sectional study to the assess the QoL among thyroid cancer patients free of disease during their routine follow-up. Patients were categorized based on the duration from treatment completion, ATA risk stratification, treatment received, number of RAI sessions and thyroid function status during analysis...

Objective: To investigate the detection rate and metastasis rate of delphain lymph node （DLN）in thyroid papillary adenocarcinoma（PTC） and to analyze the risk factors for DLN metastasis. Methods: The clinicopathological data of 200 PTC patients admitted to the from January 2018 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the detection of DLN was clearly recorded in the pathological reports of all patients. The number of DLN detected, the number of metastasis, the detection rate and the metastasis rate were counted...

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IMPORTANCE: Standard treatment for patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) consists of total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection, but the rationale for bilateral surgery in patients with unilateral disease on ultrasonography remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of occult contralateral disease (lesions not seen on preoperative ultrasonography) in patients with MTC as a rationale for total thyroidectomy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This multi-institutional, retrospective cohort study was conducted from September 1998 to April 2022 in academic medical centers and included patients with MTC who underwent thyroidectomy with preoperative imaging...

OBJECTIVES: External laryngotracheal trauma (ELT), blunt or penetrating, is a rare but potentially life-threatening injury. Immediate care in the emergency department can be challenging because it requires managing a potentially unstable airway and may have associated vascular injuries with massive bleeding. Here, we look at the details of injury, treatment measures, and outcomes in patients following ELT. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 22 patients treated at our center for ELT from January 2005 up to December 2021 with varying grades of injury...