cardiac tamponade guidelines

BACKGROUND: The European Resuscitation Council guidelines for resuscitation in patients with traumatic cardiac arrest recommend the immediate treatment of all reversible causes, if necessary even prior to continuous chest compression. In the case of cardiac tamponade immediate emergency thoracotomy should also be considered. OBJECTIVE: The authors report the case of a 23-year-old male patient with multiple injuries including blunt thoracic trauma, which caused a witnessed cardiac arrest...

Point-of-care ultrasound may elucidate reversible causes of cardiac arrest, and its use is supported by international guidelines in the periarrest setting. We present a case in which the treatment of cardiac arrest caused tension pneumothoraces and cardiac tamponade by pneumopericardium. Both pneumothorax and tamponade were expected to be identified with ultrasound, but were not. Subcutaneous emphysema precluded the diagnosis of pneumothorax. Cardiac imaging was false negative for tamponade, because the latter was caused by air and not fluid...

BACKGROUND: The mesh fixation technique used in repair of hiatal hernias and subxiphoid ventral and incisional hernias must meet strenuous requirements. In the literature, there are reports of life-threatening complications with cardiac tamponade and a high mortality rate on using tacks. The continuing practice of tack deployment for mesh fixation to the diaphragm and esophageal hiatus should be critically reviewed. METHODS: In a systematic search of the available literature in May 2017, 23 cases of severe penetrating cardiac complications were identified...

Point-of-care ultrasound may elucidate reversible causes of cardiac arrest, and its use is supported by international guidelines in the periarrest setting. We present a case in which the treatment of cardiac arrest caused tension pneumothoraces and cardiac tamponade by pneumopericardium. Both pneumothorax and tamponade were expected to be identified with ultrasound, but were not. Subcutaneous emphysema precluded the diagnosis of pneumothorax. Cardiac imaging was false negative for tamponade, because the latter was caused by air and not fluid...

INTRODUCTION: Thoracic duct cysts are very rare, and diagnosis is often difficult. We report a rare case of chylopericardium following thoracic duct cyst resection. There are no established guidelines on the management of such cases. We reviewed the literature on postoperative complications after thoracic duct cyst resection, and conducted the first thorough review of the etiology and management of chylopericardium in surgical cases. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 54-year-old male presented with cardiac tamponade due to chylopericardium...

BACKGROUND: Transthoracic intracardiac catheters are frequently inserted in children during congenital heart surgery for monitoring and vascular access purposes. Their use entails a small potential risk. AIM: We aimed to evaluate both catheter-associated morbidities related to maintenance and removal of transthoracic intracardiac catheters in pediatric cardiac patients, and predictors for catheter-associated adverse events. METHODS: Single-center retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data of children aged 0-14 years receiving a transthoracic intracardiac catheter inserted in the operating room during 7 consecutive years at the University Children's Hospital Zurich...

Point-of-care (POC) ultrasound refers to the use of portable imaging. Although POC ultrasound is widely available to the neonatologists in Australia and Europe, neonatologists in the United States report limited availability. Our objective was to seek the US neonatologists' perception of barriers and prerequisites in adopting POC ultrasound in neonatal intensive care units. An online survey link was sent via e-mail to 3000 neonatologists included in the database maintained by the American Academy of Pediatrics...

The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Task Force on Resuscitation After Cardiac Surgery provides this professional society perspective on resuscitation in patients who arrest after cardiac surgery. This document was created using a multimodal methodology for evidence generation and includes information from existing guidelines, from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, from our own structured literature reviews on issues particular to cardiac surgery, and from an international survey on resuscitation hosted by CTSNet...

Blunt Cardiac Rupture (BCR) is a life threatening injury. Majority of patients do not reach the hospital and in those who reach the emergency department, timely diagnosis and treatment is a challenge. The case is about a patient with multiple blunt injuries who presented in shock. Cardiac tamponade was suspected on clinical grounds and on evidence of mediastinal widening on radiograph. In the absence of songography, the diagnosis was confirmed by subxiphoid pericardial window. Emergency thoracotomy revealed a right atrial appendage rupture which was surgically corrected...

INTRODUCTION: Point of care ultrasound (PoCUS) has become an established tool in the initial management of patients with undifferentiated hypotension. Current established protocols (RUSH and ACES) were developed by expert user opinion, rather than objective, prospective data. PoCUS also provides invaluable information during resuscitation efforts in cardiac arrest by determining presence/absence of cardiac activity and identifying reversible causes such as pericardial tamponade. There is no agreed guideline on how to safely and effectively incorporate PoCUS into the advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) algorithm...

OBJECTIVE: To establish evidence-based guidelines for the use of bedside cardiac ultrasound, echocardiography, in the ICU and equivalent care sites. METHODS: Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system was used to rank the "levels" of quality of evidence into high (A), moderate (B), or low (C) and to determine the "strength" of recommendations as either strong (strength class 1) or conditional/weak (strength class 2), thus generating six "grades" of recommendations (1A-1B-1C-2A-2B-2C)...

Cardiac tamponade is a common and often life-threatening process, which is typically associated with a pericardial effusion or, in rare cases, with a large pleural effusion. Theoretically, as reported in only a single prior case, it can be caused by extrinsic compression from tense ascites. We present a case in which dynamic inferior wall collapse was secondary to increased abdominal pressure from tense ascites. This phenomenon may be more common than previously diagnosed, especially in patients with liver disease...

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Bleeding is the most feared complication of anticoagulants. Rivaroxaban is a newer oral anticoagulant with a favorable regimen due to lack of frequent blood monitoring and fewer drug interactions. We report a case of spontaneous pericardial hemorrhage associated with rivaroxaban. Within 10 days of starting rivaroxaban for atrial fibrillation, the patient developed a life-threatening cardiac tamponade leading to shock and multiorgan failure. After urgent pericardiocentesis/drainage, the patient recovered. This case highlights the necessity of larger clinical trials and consensus guideline on monitoring the effects of novel oral anticoagulants and development of an antidote for reversal in cases of major bleeding events...

OBJECTIVE: Data on the incidence of new onset atrial fibrillation and flutter (AF/f) in patients with acute pericarditis are limited. We sought to determine the incidence and prognostic significance of AF/f in this setting. METHODS: Between January 2006 and June 2014, consecutive new cases of acute pericarditis were included in two urban referral centres for pericardial diseases. All new cases of AF/f defined as episodes lasting ≥30 s were recorded. Events considered during follow-up consisted of AF/f and pericarditis recurrence, cardiac tamponade, pericardial constriction and death...

OBJECTIVES: To describe the feasibility and safety of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with a visiting on-site cardiac surgery program for surgical back-up. BACKGROUND: Both European and American guidelines recommend institutional cardiac surgery back-up for TAVI. However, the conversion to cardiac surgery is very rare, many complications of TAVI can be managed by catheter techniques and a visiting team can also provide surgical stand-by. Therefore, the need for institutional cardiac surgery (by a surgeon who routinely performs conventional surgical valve replacement at the institution performing TAVI) has been questioned...

Prompt recognition of cardiac tamponade is critical since the underlying hemodynamic disorder can lead to death if not resolved by percutaneous or surgical drainage of the pericardium. Nevertheless, the management of cardiac tamponade can be challenging because of the lack of the validated criteria for the risk stratification that should guide clinicians in the decision-making process. The Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases issued this position statement in order to reply to specific questions: Which patients need immediate drainage of the pericardial effusion?; Is echocardiography sufficient for guidance of pericardiocentesis or should patient be taken to the cardiac catheterization laboratory?; Who should be transferred to specialized/tertiary institution or surgical service?; What type of medical support is necessary during transportation? Current European guidelines published in 2004 do not cover these issues and no additional guidelines are available from major medical and cardiology societies...

BACKGROUND: A wide variability in the perioperative management of oral anticoagulation (OAC) has been documented in patients receiving cardiac rhythm management devices (CRMDs). We sought to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a new perioperative strategy consisting in systematically continuing OAC in all patients irrespective of their individual thromboembolic (TE) risk. METHODS: A total of 278 consecutive patients on chronic OAC receiving CRMDs were prospectively included...