wernicke's

The classical aphasia literature has placed considerable emphasis on the language-centered understanding of aphasia and failed to consider the role of executive functions (EFs) regarding different aspects of patients' performance. Many current studies suggest deficits in EFs in individuals with aphasia, however, the available data is still limited. Here, our aim was to investigate the impairment of EFs and its potential negative effects on naming (slower performance, increased reaction time and/or decreased accuracy)...

BACKGROUND: SAR341402 insulin aspart (SAR-Asp) is a rapid-acting insulin analog developed as an interchangeable biosimilar to the marketed insulin aspart reference product (NovoLog; NN-Asp). GEMELLI X was a randomized controlled trial to assess outcomes with a biosimilar in line with the US Food and Drug Administration requirements for designation as an interchangeable biosimilar. This report assessed whether multiple switches between SAR-Asp and NN-Asp lead to equivalent safety and efficacy compared with continuous use of NN-Asp in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) treated with multiple daily injections, using once-daily insulin glargine U100 (Lantus) as the basal insulin...

We report a child with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome presenting with excessive irritability, double vision and inability to walk for 5 days. On examination, the child was irritable with Glasgow coma sccale (GCS of 12/15, had bilateral convergent squint (R>L), vertical nystagmus, ataxia without any focal neurological deficits and normal fundus. MRI brain with venogram showed bilateral symmetric FLAIR hyperintensity in the medial thalamus and periaqueductal grey matter showing diffuse restriction with normal venogram...

Wernicke's area, also known as Brodmann area 22, is located in the posterior segment of the superior temporal gyrus in the dominant hemisphere. Carl Wernicke, a German neurologist, described this area in 1874. The life story of Carl Wernicke, a 19th century medical genius, remains an inspiration for all neuroscientists even a hundred years later. The authors outline Wernicke's life story and academic achievements in the fields of neurosurgery, neurology, and psychiatry. We explore his remarkable ability to turn his many setbacks into steps forward, his controversial foray into psychiatry, and his wide-ranging set of contributions including: his work on external ventricular drainage for hydrocephalus; encephalopathy; his description of the eponymous Wernicke's area; and his field-defining work on aphasia...

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Characterized by severe deficits in communication, most individuals with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) experience significant language dysfunctions, thereby impacting their overall quality of life. Wernicke's area, a classical and traditional brain region associated with language processing, plays a substantial role in the manifestation of language impairments. The current study carried out a mega-analysis to attain a comprehensive understanding of the neural mechanisms underpinning ASC, particularly in the context of language processing...

Numerous studies have shown robust evidence of the right hemisphere's involvement in language comprehension, for instance in the processing of intonation, grammar, prelexical processing stages, novel metaphor comprehension, etc. However, its role in lexicon acquisition remains obscure. We applied transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the right-hemispheric homologue of Wernicke's area to assess its putative involvement in processing different types of novel semantics. After receiving 15 min of anodal, cathodal, or sham (placebo) tDCS, three groups of healthy participants learnt novel concrete and abstract words in the context of short stories...

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) is a severe neurological disorder resulting from thiamine deficiency, commonly associated with alcohol consumption but also stemming from dietary imbalances or other clinical conditions. Cognitive deficits, affecting memory and executive functions, pose a serious concern, with partial recovery often not complete. A 28-year-old woman underwent surgery for acute necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis, leading to admission for post-acute intensive treatment due to prolonged bed rest syndrome...

This study seeks to explore the correlation between cortical activation and the Infinity Walk pattern, examining how the influence of foot overpronation and footwear may impact motor control. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a portable and user-friendly neuroimaging technique, was used to measure hemodynamical changes in six individuals with non-critical pronation degrees. Participants perform the Infinity Walk under various footwear conditions while wearing an fNIRS portable imaging device. Results indicate a consistent hemodynamic pattern in both hemispheres during the Infinity Walk, with no significant differences observed across subjects and footwear conditions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), pre-motor area, the supplementary motor cortex (PMA & SMC), the primary motor cortex (PMC), and Wernicke's area (WA)...

This case report highlights the rare occurrence of Wernicke encephalopathy caused by malnutrition in a depressed patient with atypical imaging findings. A 60-year-old female with depression developed a disturbance of consciousness owing to Wernicke encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging showed abnormal signals in the thalamus and mammillary bodies around the third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, and fourth ventricle. Abnormal signals were also present in the cerebral cortex around the central sulcus, and an intracranial hemorrhage from the thalamus was observed...

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) deficiency is a rare disease of genetic origin due to the malfunctioning of a shared subunit of three mitochondrial multi-enzyme complexes. Phenotypes of this disease are a set of clinical manifestations ranging from neonatal disorders to myopathy or recurrent episodes of liver failures, and vomiting for which no adequate or definitive treatment is currently available. This study described a case involving a 16-year-old boy who had experienced recurrent vomiting of unknown cause from age two...

Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a rare neurological disorder that results from vitamin B1 (Thiamin) deficiency, classically characterized by the triad of ophtalmoplagia, altered consciousness, and ataxia. WE is often associated with alcoholism, malnutrition, or gastrointestinal diseases with malabsorption. The association of «gravidarum hyperemesis» and WE seems to be underestimated. We report a 24-year-old pregnant woman with hyperemesis gravidarum, who presented with decreased visual acuity of both eyes...

Prior research suggests that the organization of the language network in the brain is left-dominant and becomes more lateralized with age and increasing language skill. The age at which specific components of the language network become adult-like varies depending on the abilities they subserve. So far, a large, developmental study has not included a language task paradigm, so we introduce a method to study resting-state laterality in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Our approach mixes source timeseries between left and right homotopes of the (1) inferior frontal and (2) middle temporal gyri and (3) a region we term "Wernicke's area" near the supramarginal gyrus...

Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neuropsychiatric emergency that is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B1 (thiamine). This condition is most commonly seen in patients with alcohol use disorder; however, patients with other disorders of severe malnourishment are also at increased risk. In severe cases, this disease may be followed by Korsakoff's psychosis and even death.  We present a case of a 64-year-old African American female with a history of alcohol use disorder who presented to the emergency department on account of an acute confusional state...

Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a rare but life-threatening syndrome that is commonly associated with chronic alcoholism. It has also been found to be associated with malnutrition, prolonged parenteral nutrition, hemodialysis, hyperemesis gravidarum, gastroplasty, and AIDS. It usually presents as a clinical triad of confusion, ophthalmoplegia, and gait ataxia. Nystagmus is usually the most common and earliest ophthalmologic sign. We report a case of non-alcoholic WE in a patient who had prior bariatric surgery and was treated for malnutrition and sepsis, with nystagmus being the initial presentation...

Wernicke Encephalopathy (WE) is a neurological acute syndrome related to vitamin B1 deficiency and is relatively common in patients with chronic alcoholism. In the case of Hyperemesis Gravidarum, thiamine body stores become unable to meet the increased demand, resulting in acute deficiency. WE is associated with typical clinical and radiological findings. Treatment pathways rely on thiamine replacement. The case herein reported is centered around a 33-year-old diabetic patient at 12 weeks of gestation, with WE due to hyperemesis gravidarum...

INTRODUCTION: Acute amnestic syndrome is an uncommon clinical presentation of neurological disease. Differential diagnosis encompasses several syndromes including Wernicke-Korsakoff and transient global amnesia (TGA). Structural lesions of the fornix account for a minority of cases of acute amnestic syndromes. Etiology varies from iatrogenic injury to ischemic, inflammatory, or neoplastic lesions. A prompt diagnosis of the underlying pathology is essential but challenging. The aim of this review is to systematically review the existing literature regarding cases of acute amnestic syndrome associated with non-iatrogenic lesions of the fornix...

BACKGROUND: Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a serious neurological disorder that is underdiagnosed. Despite limited clinical guidelines, the standard use of intravenous (IV) thiamine is underutilized and remains an area of research deserving much attention. OBJECTIVES: We conducted a systematic review using Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL databases to identify and summarize the literature on IV thiamine treatment in WE. Human studies with WE patients who received ≥100 mg of thiamine IV met inclusion criteria...

Morbid obesity is a systemic disease which can result in chronic complications, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, depression, osteoarthritis and low self-esteem in the adolescent population.Bariatric surgery can be indicated to treat more severe forms of obesity, but these procedures are not without long-term risks. Therefore, adequate preoperative and postoperative care, which includes preoperative psychosocial evaluation for compliance, ongoing nutrition counselling and vitamin and micronutrient supplementation, is required for all patients, especially adolescent patients, who generally may not comply with medical therapies and/or be able to developmentally fully appreciate or comprehend the health consequences of their behaviours, prior to as well as after bariatric surgery to prevent complications...

Apraxia of speech is a persistent speech motor disorder that affects speech intelligibility. Studies on speech motor disorders with transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) have been mostly directed toward examining post-stroke aphasia. Only a few tDCS studies have focused on apraxia of speech or childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), and no study has investigated individuals with CAS and Trisomy 21 (T21, Down syndrome). This N-of-1 randomized trial examined the effects of tDCS combined with a motor learning task in developmental apraxia of speech co-existing with T21 (ReBEC RBR-5435x9)...