diarrhea guidelines

INTRODUCTION: Probiotics made from Bacillus subtilis provide a wide spread of health benefits, particularly in the treatment of diarrhea and gastrointestinal problems. Herein, we employed in vitro and in vivo paradigms to assess the potential adverse effects and toxicity of B. subtilis UBBS-14. MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and 407 requirements, a preclinical investigation was conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats...

INTRODUCTION: Diarrhea is particularly prevalent in low-income or marginalized populations because these groups have less access to clean water sources, hygienic conditions, and healthcare. Dehydration due to electrolyte and fluid loss is the main cause of deaths associated with diarrhea. An especially important factor in this death from dehydration is the caregivers' knowledge, attitude, and diarrhea management techniques. While a number of research have been done on managing diarrhea at home, the results tend not to be consistent...

Background: The safety of direct-to-consumer telemedicine (TM) is closely related to red flag detection and correct referrals. The adherence to referral criteria from current guidelines is not well quantified. Objective: To analyze the emergency department (ED) referral rate and adherence to referral guidelines in TM encounters of acutely ill patients calling a center that adopts stewardship protocols. Methods: This is a retrospective observational unicentric study, between March 2020 and March 2022, with patients who spontaneously sought direct-to-consumer urgent virtual medical assistance...

BACKGROUND: The primary aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence, characteristics, and antimicrobial resistance patterns of various Shigella serotypes isolated from patients with acute diarrhea of the Infectious Diseases Hospital in Kolkata from 2011-2019. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: During the study period, Shigella isolates were tested for their serotypes, antibiotic resistance pattern and virulence gene profiles. A total of 5.8% of Shigella spp. were isolated, among which S...

Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are among the most common cardiac rhythms seen among patients. Patients presenting with frequent, sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) pose a dilemma for clinicians due to the constant risk of sudden cardiovascular compromise. Ventricular tachycardia, which is commonly seen in patients with defects in cardiac anatomy, has been associated with an increased risk of sudden death. A previous myocardial scar from a previous myocardial infarction remains the most common cause of sustained monomorphic VT (SMVT) in patients with structural cardiac disease...

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in clinical practice represents a challenge for its management and also prevention of recurrence. Even though there are updated guidelines for infection prevention, control and treatment, CDI remains a leading cause of healthcare acquired diarrhea with increasing incidence in the community. We present here a synthesis of the most recent international guidelines on the management of CDI. In 2021 updated guidelines on the treatment of CDI in adults were published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID)...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features and genetic characteristics of a patient with Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) due to compound heterozygous variants of SBDS gene. METHODS: A female child with SDS who was admitted to the Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University in February 2022 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the child was collected. Peripheral blood samples of the child and her elder sister and parents were collected and subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES)...

The treatment of choice for hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI) is vasoconstrictor therapy in combination with albumin, preferably norepinephrine or terlipressin as recommended by recent guidelines. In the absence of larger head-to-head trials comparing the efficacy of terlipressin and norepinephrine, meta-analysis of smaller studies can provide insights needed to understand the comparative effects of these medications. Additionally, recent changes in the HRS diagnosis and treatment guidelines underscore the need for newer analyses comparing terlipressin and norepinephrine...

WHAT IS THIS SUMMARY ABOUT?: Sacituzumab govitecan (brand name: TRODELVY® ) is a new treatment for certain types of advanced or metastatic breast cancer. One common type of breast cancer has at least 1 of 2 hormone receptors (HR positive) and does not have human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2 negative). The HR and HER2 receptors are known to influence how severe a case of breast cancer is. Certain treatments will only work if a specific receptor is present on breast cancer cells...

Crohn's disease (CD) is a lifelong problem for patients, despite having multiple pharmacological options and surgeries for treatment. In order to achieve best results, probiotics are being used even though their efficacy is still debatable. This systematic review analyzes the safety and efficacy of several probiotics in CD. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect are the databases searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), animal studies, in vitro studies, and reviews. After quality appraisal and cross checking the literature, this systematic review is carried out grounded on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2020 (PRISMA 2020) guidelines...

INTRODUCTION: Diarrhea is still a significant global public health problem. There are currently no systematic evaluation of the modeling areas and approaches to predict diarrheal illness outcomes. This paper reviews existing research efforts in predictive modeling of infectious diarrheal illness in pediatric populations. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review via a PubMed search for the period 1990-2021. A comprehensive search query was developed through an iterative process and literature on predictive modeling of diarrhea was retrieved...

Microscopic colitis, a diagnosis under the umbrella term of inflammatory bowel disease, is a prevalent cause of watery diarrhea, often with symptoms of urgency and bloating, typically observed in older adults aged ≥ 60 years. Its incidence has been reported to exceed those of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in some geographical areas. Although nonpathognomonic endoscopic abnormalities, including changes of the vascular mucosal pattern; mucosal erythema; edema; nodularity; or mucosal defects, e...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Shigella is an important cause of diarrhea in children under five, often missed by conventional laboratory methods. Blood in stools has always been a syndromic indicator for Shigella diarrhea, but most cases present with watery diarrhea without blood. This study aimed to determine the frequency of Shigella detected by molecular and conventional methods in children under five. Additionally, we aimed to study the clinical profile and outcome of children with Shigella diarrhea managed as per current diarrhea treatment guidelines...

BACKGROUND: This study of nutritional patterns in relation to cancers among pediatric oncology population in Tanzania was motivated by the lack of up-to-date information about the nutritional practices, the controversy around the importance of nutritional support and the lack of consistent nutritional criteria among pediatric oncology populations. METHODS: A survey study in two cancer referral hospitals of children diagnosed with any cancers, aged between 1 and 17 years inclusive and being eligible for enteral feeding included 131 children...

Alleviating the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) through the addition of probiotics to the treatment of IBS patients appears to be promising. The present randomized clinical trial seeks to assess the efficacy of a multi-strain probiotic product combining two Lactobacillus (L.) strains: L. acidophilus and L. plantarum, in diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) patients. A randomized, single-blinded clinical trial design was adopted to randomly assign 100 patients into two groups. Patients in group A received standard IBS treatment, whereas Group B patients were treated with probiotics besides the standard treatment...

IMPORTANCE: The NAPOLI 3 trial showed the superiority of fluorouracil, leucovorin, liposomal irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (NALIRIFOX) over the combination of gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel (GEM-NABP) as first-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Analyses comparing NALIRIFOX and GEM-NABP with fluorouracil, leucovorin, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin (FOLFIRINOX) have not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE: To derive survival, response, and toxic effects data from phase 3 clinical trials and compare NALIRIFOX, FOLFIRINOX, and GEM-NABP...

Alleviating the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) through the addition of probiotics to the treatment of IBS patients appears to be promising. The present randomized clinical trial seeks to assess the efficacy of a multi-strain probiotic product combining two Lactobacillus (L.) strains: L. acidophilus and L. plantarum, in diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) patients. A randomized, single-blinded clinical trial design was adopted to randomly assign 100 patients into two groups. Patients in group A received standard IBS treatment, whereas Group B patients were treated with probiotics besides the standard treatment...

The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) Gastrointestinal Expert Panel consists of radiologists, a gastroenterologist, a general surgeon, a family physician, a patient advisor, and an epidemiologist/guideline methodologist. After developing a list of 20 clinical/diagnostic scenarios, a systematic rapid scoping review was undertaken to identify systematically produced referral guidelines that provide recommendations for one or more of these clinical/diagnostic scenarios. Recommendations from 58 guidelines and contextualization criteria in the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) for guidelines framework were used to develop 85 recommendation statements specific to the adult population across the 20 scenarios...

A 46-year-old woman presented at our hospital with anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea. Blood tests indicated markedly increased eosinophil counts, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed slight erythema in the gastric body. Computed tomography showed edematous thickening of the stomach and small intestinal walls and peritonitis. Thus, eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease was suspected. Endoscopic biopsies from the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum were collected, but no significant increases in eosinophil counts were observed...

INTRODUCTION: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) serves as a potentially curative intervention for various hematologic disorders. However, its utility can be limited by the emergence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). The clinical manifestations of cGVHD result from a complex immune response characterized by the involvement of both B and T cells. Ibrutinib, a pharmacological agent, acts as an inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) pathway, which becomes activated through the B-cell receptor and regulates B-cell survival...