phaeohyphomycosis

Exophiala dermatitidis is a relatively common environmental black yeast with a worldwide distribution that rarely causes fungal infection. Here, we report a case of a 6-year-old girl with central nervous system (CNS) encephalitis caused by E. dermatitidis and Angiostrongylus cantonensis. E. dermatitidis was identified by both cerebrospinal fluid culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection was confirmed by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Whole exome sequencing showed that this previously healthy girl carried a homozygous CARD9 mutation for c...

PURPOSE: Cladophialophora bantiana is a wonted melanized fungus causing brain abscess. In past many cases were reported from Asia, particularly from India. Of late, there is a rise in cases in places besides Asia and hence a review of the cases is warranted. METHODS: We present a case of fatal cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by C. bantiana and conduct a systematic review of culture confirmed brain abscess due to C. bantiana reported between 2015 and 2022. RESULTS: Of the 39 cases found, majority (68%) were immunocompromised...

BACKGROUND: The management of cerebral abscesses caused by dark-pigmented Fonsecaea monophora in healthy individuals continues to be challenging due to no consensus on the therapeutic regimen. Due to the absence of an accurate identification method, Fonsecaea species are often misidentified due to indistinct morphology features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An F. monophora strain from an immunocompetent host with cerebral abscess was collected and identified by ITS rDNA molecular sequencing...

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis (CP) is a rare but a highly morbid fungal infection of the central nervous system caused by the fungi belonging to the order Chaetothyriales, which includes Cladophialophora bantiana, Exophiala dermatitidis, Rhinocladiella mackenziei (RM) etc. This disease is associated with poor clinical outcomes, with reported mortality of over 80%. We present the case of a 65-year gentleman who developed CP secondary to RM infection following COVID-19 and the associated challenges in his medical and surgical management...

INTRODUCTION: Fungal infection of the musculoskeletal system is very rare. We present a rare case of fungal infection in the ankle joint. Skeletal phaeohyphomycosis (PHM) has been reported only once before in the literature. CASE REPORT: A 56-year-old man presented with pain and swelling in his right ankle for 2 years. There was a diffuse swelling over the medial and lateral aspect of the ankle with restricted movements. Arthroscopic biopsy was done from the ankle and histopathological examination showed pigmented fungi with few phagocytosed fungal hyphae within multinucleated giant cells indicating PHM...

Cladophialophora and other dematiaceous or pigmented fungi are inhabitants of soil and decaying vegetation in tropical and sub-tropical environments. It usually causes subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis post-inoculation by thorns or vegetable matter prick. It may be inhaled into paranasal sinuses and lungs with subsequent clearance by intact host immunity. In immunocompromised individuals, it can cause invasive sinusitis or pneumonitis followed by hematogenous dissemination to involve distant organs, particularly the brain...

INTRODUCTION: Cladophialophora bantiana is a filamentous fungus, known as a dematiaceous fungus because of the presence of melanin. This fungus is of clinical importance because it is neurotropic and causes cerebral phaeohyphomycosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The available scientific information on the development of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana was analysed by selecting articles from the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases that describe case reports of fungal infection by C...

Phaeohyphomycosis, which is caused by the opportunistic black yeast-like fungus Exophiala dermatitidis , has been reported in humans and dogs. However, no previous studies describing E. dermatitidis infections in cats have been published. Herein, we report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by E. dermatitidis . A 12-year-old, castrated male Japanese domestic short-haired cat presented with a solitary subcutaneous abscess on the left side of the neck, where an esophageal tube for force-feeding had been placed previously...

We herein report a case of recurrent infection caused by Verruconis gallopava, which is known to cause fatal phaeohyphomycosis. A 71-year-old man presented with a fever, and computed tomography revealed right chest wall thickening. Eleven years earlier, he had undergone autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for a hematological malignancy. One year earlier, he had undergone excision of a solitary pulmonary nodule, from which had been detected V. gallopava. On this occasion, right chest wall surgery was performed to investigate the cause of the fever, which led to the diagnosis of recurrent infection...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Phaeohyphomycosis is a rare fungal infection primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals. Its clinical manifestations are diverse, and diagnosis can be challenging, particularly when lesions mimic other conditions. CASE PRESENTATION: A 66-year-old male, with a history of irregular leprosy treatment and prolonged steroid use, presented with symptoms suggestive of a nerve abscess. On examination, cystic swellings were observed on the left thumb and leg...

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is often the first-line investigation for detection of any fungal infection. Rhytidhysteron rufulum is an emerging dematiaceous fungus detected as a human pathogen. FNAC combined with molecular techniques helps in the detection of rare fungal species, especially in cases of non-sporulating fungi. We describe the cytomorphologic features of this species in a 62-year immunocompetent male who presented with a localised subcutaneous infection. Molecular studies helped in the final diagnosis...

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Exophiala spinifera is a rare dematiaceous fungus causing cutaneous, subcutaneous and disseminated phaeohyphomycosis (PHM). Standard antifungal therapy for PHM is still uncertain. Here, we report a case of a Chinese male with PHM caused by E. spinifera, who received significant clinical improvement after the treatment with oral itraconazole and terbinafine. With the aim of evaluating the antifungal therapy for PHM caused by E. spinifera, a detailed review was performed.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Exophiala species cause chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis, which are occasionally fatally in immunocompromised patients. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) provides rapid and accurate examination of isolated bacteria and some fungal isolates, but the preparation method for filamentous fungi is complicated. In this study, 31 clinical isolates of Exophiala spp. in Japan were identified by MALDI-TOF MS with a library enriched by adding data...

BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous mycoses caused by opportunistic filamentous fungi are emerging infections in developed countries due to the longer survival of immunocompromised patients. The evidence published in relation to subcutaneous mycoses is fundamentally based on case reports and small case series. METHODS: We performed an observational retrospective study of subcutaneous mycoses caused by opportunistic filamentous fungi diagnosed at our institution between 2017 and 2022...

Cladosporium cladosporioides is one of the most ubiquitous dematiaceous fungi that seldomly occur human infection. Here, we demonstrate a rare case of pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis with a distinctive pulmonary lesion during the nadir period of outpatient chemotherapy against endometrial cancer. In addition to severe neutropenia, excessive exposure to C. cladosporioides at patient's residence was considered as dominant causative factor. More caution is considered necessary for pulmonary phaeohyphomycosis in patients who receive outpatient chemotherapy and are homebound during neutropenic status...

Central nervous system (CNS) phaeohyphomycosis is a rare and often fatal fungal infection. Our study reported a case series of eight CNS phaeohyphomycosis cases at our institution over the past 20 years. We did not observe common pattern of risk factors, abscess location, or number of abscesses among them. Most patients were immunocompetent without classic risk factors for fungal infection. Early diagnosis and aggressive management with surgical intervention and prolonged antifungal therapy can lead to a favorable outcome...

A woman presented with purulent infiltrating plaques on her hands and arms following a seven-year history of nephrotic syndrome. She was ultimately diagnosed with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, which is caused by Alternaria section Alternaria. The lesions completely resolved after two months of antifungal treatment. Interestingly, spores (round-shaped cells) and hyphae were observed in the biopsy and pus specimens, respectively. This case report highlights that distinguishing subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis from chromoblastomycosis may be difficult if the diagnosis is solely based on pathological findings...