epstein barr gene

Globally, more than one million new cases of gastric cancer are anticipated by 2024, representing a significant unmet clinical need. It is the fourth most prevalent cancer in men and the seventh most prevalent cancer in women. The pathogens Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been linked to a significant number of cases of gastric cancer. On the other hand, the recorded results were not particularly impressive because the gastrointestinal tract (GI) is frequently diagnosed at a very advanced stage, traditional treatments are not very effective, and they have several adverse side effects...

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant contributor to cancer-related mortality. Novel high-throughput techniques have enlightened the epigenetic mechanisms governing gene-expression regulation. Epigenetic characteristics contribute to molecular taxonomy and give rise to cancer-specific epigenetic patterns. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection has an impact on aberrant DNA methylation either through its pathogenic CagA protein or by inducing chronic inflammation. The hypomethylation of specific repetitive elements generates an epigenetic field effect early in tumorigenesis...

We characterized 5 B-cell tumors carrying t(14;19)(q32;q13) that creates the IGH::BCL3 fusion gene. The patients' ages ranged between 55 and 88 years. Two patients presented with progression or recurrence of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), two with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of non-germinal center B-like phenotype, and the remaining one with composite angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma and Epstein-Barr virus-positive DLBCL. The presence of t(14;19)(q32;q13) was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), showing colocalization of 3' IGH and 3' BCL3 probes on der(14)t(14;19) and 5' BCL3 and 5' IGH probes on der(19)t(14;19)...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a common cancer in Southern China, is associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection. Although many therapies for NPC have been established, the definite role of EBV in NPC remains unclear. Therefore, this work focuses on LMP2A, a latent EBV gene, and investigates whether LMP2A is related to peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) in EBV-positive NPC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mRNA and protein expression levels of LMP2A, PRDX1, and beta-catenin were compared in patient samples...

INTRODUCTION: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a complex cancer due to its unique genomic features and association with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Despite therapeutic advancements, NPC prognosis remains poor, necessitating a deeper understanding of its genomics. Here, we present a comprehensive whole genome sequencing (WGS) view of NPC genomics and its correlation with the phenotype. METHODS: This study involved WGS of a clinical NPC biopsy specimen. Sequencing was carried out using a long read sequencer from Oxford Nanopore...

BACKGROUND: Small intestinal monomorphic-epitheliotropic intestinal T-cell lymphoma (MEITL) is a rare aggressive T-cell lymphoma originating in the gastrointestinal tract. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotypes, and molecular genetic changes of MEITL. METHODS: The clinicopathological data for three patients with surgically resected MEITL of the small intestine were collected. Next, immunohistochemical labeling, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in situ hybridization, assessment of clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor (TCR) genes, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed...

BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) in gastric cancer (GC) was uncertain. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in public databases for eligible studies as of April 2, 2023. Meta-analyses were performed to interrogate the associations between TLS levels and prognosis and immunotherapy response of GC. Bioinformatic analyses based on the nine-gene signature of TLS were further conducted to capture the biological underpinnings...

The tumor suppressor microRNAs, miR-21, miR-124, and miR-494, participate in the controlling several cellular processes. To assess target miRNAs promoter methylation levels, we investigated 304 pairs of gastric cancer (GC) tissues and non-tumor tissues. We used a commercial real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Helicobacter pylori kit to detect EBV and H. pylori DNA in GC tissues. After finding hypermethylation in the promoter of the miR-124 gene, we evaluated its expression level using quantitative PCR (qPCR)...

BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinoma is the most common form of kidney cancer which is a global threat to human health, needing to explore effective therapeutic targets and treatment methods. Aurora kinase B acts as an important carcinogenic role in various kinds of tumors, while its mechanism in renal cell carcinoma is indistinct. Herein we explore the underlying mechanism of Aurora kinase B in renal cell carcinoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: Label-free quantitative proteomics analysis was employed to analyze the differentially expressed proteins in 786-O cells which were treated with si-Aurora kinase B or si-ctrl...

Research on the DNA methylation status of gastric cancer (GC) has primarily focused on identifying invasive GC to develop biomarkers for diagnostic. However, DNA methylation in noninvasive GC remains unclear. We conducted a comprehensive DNA methylation profiling study of differentiated-type intramucosal GCs (IMCs). Illumina 850K microarrays were utilized to assess the DNA methylation profiles of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from eight patients who were Epstein-Barr virus-negative and DNA mismatch repair proficient, including IMCs and paired adjacent nontumor mucosa...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a specific human malignancy with unique geographic distribution and genetic backgrounds. Although early treatment with radio-chemotherapy has been proven effective for NPC therapy, its therapeutic efficacy substantially diminishes in the late stages of this malignancy. In the tumor microenvironment of NPC, PD-L1 has been demonstrated as a critical factor in impairing T cell activation. As an etiological role for NPC development, it is found that Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent proteins upregulated PD-L1 expression...

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignant epithelial tumor endemic to Southern China and Southeast Asia. While previous studies have revealed a low frequency of gene mutations in NPC, its epigenomic aberrations are not fully elucidated apart from DNA hypermethylation. Epigenomic rewiring and enhancer dysregulation, such as enhancer hijacking due to genomic structural changes or extrachromosomal DNA, drive cancer progression. METHODS: We conducted Hi-C, 4C-seq, ChIP-seq, and RNA-seq analyses to comprehensively elucidate the epigenome and interactome of NPC using C666-1 EBV(+)-NPC cell lines, NP69T immortalized nasopharyngeal epithelial cells, clinical NPC biopsy samples, and in vitro EBV infection in HK1 and NPC-TW01 EBV(-) cell lines...

BACKGROUND: There are two major genetic types of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): type 1 (EBV-1) and type 2 (EBV-2). EBV functions by manipulating gene expression in host B cells, using virus-encoded gene regulatory proteins including Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 2 (EBNA2). While type 1 EBNA2 is known to interact with human transcription factors (hTFs) such as RBPJ, EBF1, and SPI1 (PU.1), type 2 EBNA2 shares only ~ 50% amino acid identity with type 1 and thus may have distinct binding partners, human genome binding locations, and functions...

Viruses are master remodelers of the host cell environment in support of infection and virus production. For example, viruses typically regulate cell gene expression through modulating canonical cell promoter activity. Here, we show that Epstein Barr virus (EBV) replication causes 'de novo' transcription initiation at 29674 new transcription start sites throughout the cell genome. De novo transcription initiation is facilitated in part by the unique properties of the viral pre-initiation complex (vPIC) that binds a TATT[T/A]AA, TATA box-like sequence and activates transcription with minimal support by additional transcription factors...

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) contributes to the development of a significant subset of human lymphomas. As a herpes virus, EBV can transition between a lytic state which is required to establish infection and a latent state where a limited number of viral antigens are expressed which allows infected cells to escape immune surveillance. Three broad latency programs have been described which are defined by the expression of viral proteins RNA, with latency I being the most restrictive expressing only EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBERs) and latency III expressing the full panel of latent viral genes including the latent membrane proteins 1 and 2 (LMP1/2), and EBNA 2, 3, and leader protein (LP) which induce a robust T-cell response...

This study aims to explore the role and regulatory mechanism of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) in the development of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC). Here we showed that EBV can upregulate the expression and activity of YAP1 protein through its encoded latent products EBV-encoded small RNA 1 (EBER1) and latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), enhancing the malignant characteristics of EBVaGC cells. In addition, we also showed that overexpression of YAP1 induced the expression of EBV encoding latent and lytic phase genes and proteins in the epithelial cell line AGS-EBV infected with EBV, and increased the copy number of the EBV genome, while loss of YAP1 expression reduced the aforementioned indicators...

BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (EBV-posDLBCL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma that often presents similar morphological and immune phenotype features to that of EBV-negative DLBCL (EBV-negDLBCL). AIMS AND METHODS: To better understand their difference in genomic landscape, we performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) of EBV-posDLBCL and EBV-negDLBCL. RESULTS: This analysis revealed a new mutational signature 17 (unknown) and signature 29 (smoking) in EBV-posDLBCL as well as a specific mutational signature 24 (associated with aflatoxin) in EBV-negDLBCL...

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common tumors in South China and Southeast Asia and is thought to be associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Downregulation of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) encoded by EBV can reduce the expression of NF-κB and PI3K, induce apoptosis, and inhibit the growth of EBV-related NPC. For targeted cleavage of the Lmp1 oncogene via the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system, a post cross-linked ROS-responsive poly(β-amino ester) (PBAE) polymeric vector was developed for the delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids both in vitro and in vivo ...

BACKGROUND: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is widely infected in humans and causes various diseases. Among them, microRNAs of EBV play a key role in the progression of EBV-associated febrile diseases. There're few specific indicators for rapid differential diagnosis of various febrile diseases associated with EBV, and the lack of more reliable screening methods with high diagnostic utility has led to spaces for improvement in the accurate diagnosis and efficient treatment of relevant patients, making EBV infection a complicated clinical problem...

A multiplex real-time PCR has been developed to simultaneously detect transfusion-transmissible pathogens cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus, as well as to provide sample quality testing, for the conserved regions of the cytomegalovirus UL123 gene, the Epstein-Barr virus BKRF1 gene, and the herpes simplex virus 1/2 UL30 gene, tested on 500 blood donors and 320 transfusion recipients. The laboratory sensitivities for all 3 pathogens were 100 copies/μL. Compared to the commercial real-time PCR reference kit, the multiplex real-time PCR assay for the detection of CMV, EBV and HSV presented 100% consistency...