Bronchoalveolar

Allergic asthma is characterized by the polarization of Th2 cells and impaired immune regulation. Macrophages occupy the largest proportion of airway immune cells. This study aims to discover the mechanism that hinders the immune regulatory functions of airway macrophages. In this study, macrophages were isolated from cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) collected from asthma patients and normal control (NC) subjects. The results indicated that macrophages occupied the largest portion of the cellular components in BALF...

BACKGROUND: Although hands-on simulation plays a valuable role in procedural training, there are limited tools available to teach pediatric flexible bronchoscopy (PFB). Fellowship programs rely on patient encounters, with inherent risk, or high-cost virtual reality simulators that may not be widely available and create education inequalities. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to study the educational value and transferability of a novel, low-cost, three-dimensional-printed pediatric airway model (3D-AM) for PFB training...

BACKGROUND: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), which is one of the connective tissue diseases (CTD). It can lead to poor prognosis and increased mortality. However, the distribution and role of the lower respiratory tract (LRT) microbiome in patients with IIM-ILD remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the microbial diversity and community differences in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in patients with IIM-ILD...

IFN-γ plays a critical role in host defense against intracellular pathogens. IFN-γ is produced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice infected with Pneumocystis, but the role of IFN-γ in host defense against Pneumocystis remains controversial. It has been previously reported that although exogenous IFN-γ has beneficial effects on eradication of Pneumocystis, endogenous IFN-γ has a negative impact on innate immunity in immunocompromised hosts. Surprisingly, CD4+ T cell-depleted IFN-γ deficient (GKO) mice exhibit resistance to Pneumocystis...

We executed this study to determine if chemerin-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1), a Gi/o protein-coupled receptor expressed by leukocytes and non-leukocytes, contributes to the development of phenotypic features of non-atopic asthma, including airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to acetyl-β-methylcholine chloride, lung hyperpermeability, airway epithelial cell desquamation, and lung inflammation. Accordingly, we quantified sequelae of non-atopic asthma in wild-type mice and mice incapable of expressing CMKLR1 (CMKLR1-deficient mice) following cessation of acute inhalation exposure to either filtered room air (air) or ozone (O3 ), a criteria pollutant and non-atopic asthma stimulus...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) XYQFT is composed of 10 herbs. According to the NHIRD, XYQFT is one of the top ten most commonly used TCM prescriptions for asthma treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to explore whether XYQFT reduces asthma symptoms in a mouse model of chronic asthma and determine the immunomodulatory mechanism of mast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BALB/c mice were intratracheally (it) stimulated with 40 μL (2...

RATIONALE: Recent studies suggest that both hypo- and hyperinflammatory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) phenotypes characterize severe COVID-19-related pneumonia. The role of lung Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load in contributing to these phenotypes remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: To redefine COVID-19 ARDS phenotypes when considering quantitative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in the bronchoalveolar lavage of intubated patients...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) in diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. METHODS: In this retrospective study, non-HIV-infected patients with PJP and those diagnosed with non-PJP from August 2022 to December 2024 were selected as subjects. The presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) and other co-pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed, and the diagnostic efficacy of NGS, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serum 1,3-β-D-glucan (BDG) in PJP was compared with the reference standard of clinical compound diagnosis...

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are characterized by rapid onset and widespread inflammation in the lungs, often leading to respiratory failure. These conditions can be triggered by various factors, resulting in a severe inflammatory response within the lungs. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound found in grapes and peanuts, is renowned for its potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated how resveratrol protects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice...

PURPOSE: Cancer patients are at heightened risk for invasive aspergillosis (IA), a condition associated with elevated mortality risk. The JF5-based Aspergillus Galactomannoprotein Lateral Flow Device (AspLFD) offers rapid point-of-care testing (POCT) for IA. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of AspLFD in cancer populations. METHODS: This retrospective study examined cancer patient bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum samples collected between September 2021 and January 2023...

INTRODUCTION: Ozone (O3 ) is an air pollutant associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. The lung-brain axis is implicated in O3 -associated glial and amyloid pathobiology; however, the role of disease-associated astrocytes (DAAs) in this process remains unknown. METHODS: The O3 -induced astrocyte phenotype was characterized in 5xFAD mice by spatial transcriptomics and proteomics. Hmgb1fl/fl LysM-Cre+ mice were used to assess the role of peripheral myeloid cell high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)...

A 67-year-old male, with a history of severe COVID-19 infection and exposure to talc was seen for worsening shortness of breath for months, requiring supplemental oxygen. He was treated for COVID-19 infection and suspected pneumonia with no improvement. His pulmonary function test (PFT) worsened and computed tomography (CT) showing bilateral airspace opacities with ground-glass opacities (GGO), also worsened over time. He underwent bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage and pathology revealed pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP)...

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major threat to children's health, particularly in respiratory infections. Accurate identification of pathogens and AMR is crucial for targeted antibiotic treatment. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) shows promise in directly detecting microorganisms and resistance genes in clinical samples. However, the accuracy of AMR prediction through mNGS testing needs further investigation for practical clinical decision-making. METHODS: We aimed to evaluate the performance of mNGS in predicting AMR for severe pneumonia in pediatric patients...

BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the main causative agent of tuberculosis. BCG, the only licensed vaccine, provides inadequate protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. Controlled human infection models are useful tools for vaccine development. We aimed to determine a safe dose of aerosol-inhaled live-attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG as a surrogate for M tuberculosis infection, then compare the safety and tolerability of infection models established using aerosol-inhaled and intradermally administered BCG...

BACKGROUND: Prognostic indicators for equine multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (EMPF), an interstitial fibrosing lung disease, are poorly described. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Describe diagnostic findings and outcome predictors for EMPF. ANIMALS: Forty-six adult horses with EMPF. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter case series from 2009 to 2019. Radiographic (n = 27) and ultrasonographic studies (n = 19) from EMPF horses and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology from 6 EMPF and 13 asthma cases were independently reviewed and blinded to diagnosis and outcome...

Pulmonary mucormycosis is a severe and often fatal disease that commonly affects patients with underlying conditions, such as diabetes. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial for improving survival rates. However, clinical diagnosis remains challenging due to difficulty in obtaining etiological evidence. In this particular case, the patient presented with a cough-producing bloody sputum, and a chest CT revealed lesions in the right upper lobe of the lung. The patient was ultimately diagnosed with pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus delemar through clinical bronchoscopy biopsy and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sample...

Daptomycin is an antibiotic used for resistant Gram-positive organisms and has the rare side effect of inducing acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP). This condition can be fatal due to respiratory failure if not treated, as eosinophils migrate to the lungs and inflammatory cascades cause epithelial injury. Daptomycin-induced AEP can be misdiagnosed as bacterial pneumonia or malignancy, which may lead to unnecessary testing or treatments. Diagnostic criteria include dyspnea, fever, recent daptomycin exposure, infiltrates on imaging, eosinophils on bronchoalveolar lavage or peripheral eosinophilia, and clinical improvement with medication discontinuation...

Knowing the spectrum, prevalence, and modes of diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis (PA) will be beneficial to clinicians for its early diagnosis and management. This study aims to estimate the prevalence, spectrum, and role of serological tests and radiological findings in the diagnosis of PA. A total of 150 patients were suspected of having PA after obtaining relevant clinical history and radiological imaging. The patients were grouped into each spectrum of PA as invasive PA (IPA), chronic necrotizing PA (CNPA), aspergilloma, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) based on predisposing factors, clinical and radiological findings, and the guidelines of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG)...

BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies have identified childhood asthma as a risk factor for obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) where persistent airflow limitation can develop more aggressively. However, a causal link between childhood asthma and COPD/ACO remains to be established. Our study aimed to model the natural history of childhood asthma and COPD and to investigate the cellular/molecular mechanisms that drive disease progression. METHODS: Allergic airways disease was established in three-week-old young C57BL/6 mice using house dust mite (HDM) extract...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the severe form of interstitial pneumonias. Acute exacerbation (AE) of IPF is characterized by progressive lung fibrosis with the irreversible lung function decline and inflammation, and is often fatal with poor prognosis. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms in AE of IPF are still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying AE of IPF, using bleomycin (BLM) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (BLM+LPS)-treated mice. The mice were treated with a single dose of 1...