indian heart journal

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality are higher in people of South Asian origin than in those of African origin. We investigated whether as young adults without diabetes, people in Mauritius of South Asian descent (Indians) would show a more adverse cardiovascular risk profile that those of predominantly African descent (Creoles), and whether this could be explained by ethnic differences in visceral adiposity or other fat distribution patterns. METHODS: The study was conducted in 189 young non-physically active adults, with the following measurements conducted after an overnight fast: anthropometry (weight, height, waist circumference), whole-body and regional body composition by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, blood pressure, and blood assays for glycemic (glucose and HbA1c) and lipid profile (triglycerides and cholesterols)...

Heart failure (HF) is emerging as a major public health problem both in high- and low - income countries. The mortality and morbidity due to HF is substantially higher in low-middle income countries (LMICs). Accessibility, availability and affordability issues affect the guideline directed therapy implementation in HF care in those countries. This call to action urges all those concerned to initiate preventive strategies as early as possible, so that we can reduce HF-related morbidity and mortality. The most important step is to have better prevention and treatment strategies for diseases such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease (IHD), type-2 diabetes, and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) which predispose to the development of HF...

INTRODUCTION: Involvement of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and hepatic veins (HV) has been considered a relative contraindication to hepatic resection for primary and metastatic liver tumors. However, patients affected by tumors extending to the IVC have limited therapeutic options and suffer worsening of quality of life due to IVC compression. METHODS: Cases of primary and metastatic liver tumors with vena cava infiltration from 10 international centers were collected (7 European, 1 US, 2 Brazilian, 1 Indian) were collected...

BACKGROUND: Asian and multiracial individuals represent the 2 fastest growing racial and ethnic groups in the United States, yet most prior studies report Asian American and Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander as a single racial group, with limited data on cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence among subgroups. We sought to evaluate temporal trends in CVD burden among disaggregated Asian subgroups. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with CVD based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and Tenth Revision ( ICD-9 and ICD-10 ) coding who received care from a mixed-payer health care organization in California between 2008 and 2018 were classified into self-identified racial and ethnic subgroups (non-Hispanic White [NHW], Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and multiracial groups)...

Evidence from the existing literature suggests that exercise has positive effects for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases by reducing risk factors such as elevated blood lipids. Based on clinical and observational clinical trials, it is well established that increased physical activity and regular exercise has a favourable impact on blood lipids and lipoprotein profiles. Exercise training significantly decreases blood triglycerides concentration and increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels...

Blood cholesterol has firmly been established as a crucial risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) by elegant epidemiological studies. Naturally, means to reduce blood cholesterol level took the centerstage of research in this field. After initial lukewarm results with nicotinic acid, fibrates and some other agents, statins emerged as the most effective class of medicine to reduce blood cholesterol; in particular, the most atherogenic low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)...

This review article describes the pathophysiological mechanisms linking Apolipoprotein B (Apo-B) and atherosclerosis, summarizes the existing evidence on Apo B as a predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and recommendations of (inter)national treatment guidelines regarding Apo B in dyslipidemia management. A single Apo B molecule is present in every particle of very low-density lipoprotein, intermediate density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, and lipoprotein(a). This unique single Apo B per particle ratio makes plasma Apo B concentration a direct measure of the number of circulating atherogenic lipoproteins...

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a common genetic disorder of autosomal inheritance associated with elevated LDL-cholesterol. It is estimated to affect 1:250 individuals in general population roughly estimated to be 5 million in India. The prevalence of FH is higher in young CAD patients (<55 years in men; <60 years in women). FH is underdiagnosed and undertreated. Screening during childhood and Cascade screening of family members of known FH patients is of utmost importance in order to prevent the burden of CAD...

The leading cause of mortality worldwide is atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerotic plaques are well known to originate early in the childhood. Identifying hyperlipidemia in early childhood creates an opportunity to prevent major cardiovascular events in adults. Children with identified risk factors are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular incidents in later life. This article emphasizes the diagnosis and management of pediatric hyperlipidemia with reference to the recent guidelines...

OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of the study was to investigate the correlation between high-sensitivity troponin I (hsTropI) levels during hospitalization and the prognostic outcome in patients with non-acute coronary syndrome (non-ACS) acute heart failure, over a follow-up period of one year. The secondary objective was to assess and characterize acute heart failure during index hospitalization. METHODS: High sensitivity troponin I value was noted both at the time of admission and discharge...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation require an adequate depth of anaesthesia. The study's primary objective was to compare the time needed to achieve the bispectral index (BIS)-guided adequate depth of anaesthesia for endotracheal intubation using fentanyl and dexmedetomidine. METHODS: After institutional ethics committee clearance and written informed consent, this randomised study was conducted on 140 patients of either gender between 18 and 60 years who were scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Short-term hypotension after general anaesthesia can negatively impact surgical outcomes. This study compared the predictive potential of the pleth variability index (PVI), pulse pressure variability (PPV), and perfusion index (PI) for anaesthesia-induced hypotension. This study's primary objective was to evaluate the predictive potential of PI, PVI, and PPV for hypotension. METHODS: This observational study included 140 adult patients undergoing major abdominal surgery under general anaesthesia...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is cardinal for systemic homeostasis. Autonomic dysfunction is prevalent in as high as 65% of patients presenting for cardiac surgery in the Indian scenario. Pre-existing cardiac autonomic dysfunction (CAD) in surgical patients can accentuate perioperative haemodynamic fluctuations during stressful intraoperative events, predispose to adverse cardiac events, and contribute to morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and predictors of CAD in the elective neurosurgical population are unknown in the Indian scenario...

PURPOSE: By using inferior vena cava (IVC) measurements, clinicians can detect fluid status and responsiveness and find out the etiology of hypotension, acute heart failure, and sepsis easier. Pocket-sized ultrasound devices (PSUD) may take this advantage a few steps further by their lower costs, user-friendly interface, and easily applicable structure.In this study, we aimed to determine the diagnostic value of a PSUD compared with a standard ultrasound device (SD) for the measurement of IVC diameter (IVCD) and its respiratory variability...

BACKGROUND: Sports have been a fundamental component of any culture and legacy for centuries. Athletes are widely regarded as a source of national pride, and their physical well-being is deemed to be of paramount significance. The attainment of optimal performance and injury prevention in athletes is contingent upon physical fitness. Technology integration has implemented Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) to augment the athletic training milieu. OBJECTIVE: The present study introduces an approach for assessing athlete physical fitness in training environments: the Internet of Things (IoT) and CPS-based Physical Fitness Evaluation Method (IoT-CPS-PFEM)...

The authors sought to correlate the complex sequel of obesity with various parameters known to develop metabolic syndrome viz. insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension etc., as these anomalies are linked to vascular atherosclerosis and outbreak of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.  A comprehensive online survey using MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted for relevant journals from 1970 till present time (2023) with key search terms like: 'obesity', 'leptin', type-2 diabetes', 'atherosclerosis', 'cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases'...

BACKGROUND: Despite significant progress in primary prevention, rates of myocardial infarction (MI) in South Asian population is alarmingly high. OBJECTIVES: We sought to compare risk factor profiles and outcomes between individuals with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in young (<50 years) and old (≥50 years) age groups. METHODS: North India STEMI Registry (NORIN-STEMI) is a prospective observational registry of patients hospitalised with STEMI...

BACKGROUND: Left atrial (LA) volume indexing for body surface area (BSA) is the common practice. Since LA volume index is of cardiovascular pathophysiologic significance, it is suggested that indexing for other body size parameters be explored to evaluate a more appropriate alternative method. The aims of this study were to find normal and the best cutoff values for LA volume indexed for multiple body size parameters in normal Indian subjects. METHODS: Data from the multicentric prospective INDEA study conducted through 2018 to 2020 was reviewed and subjects without known cardiac disease and completely normal echocardiograms that had the left atrial volume (LAV) measured by biplane Simpson's method were included...

BACKGROUND: Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are life-threatening dermatological emergencies. SCORTEN (SCORe of toxic epidermal necrolysis) is a validated score to predict mortality; however, there is a paucity of data to determine its usefulness in the Indian population. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of SCORTEN as a prognostic marker in SJS-TEN. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital for two years...

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