Imun

BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays a key role in the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory parameter that has been shown to be associated with CAD. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SII and coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in patients with stable CAD and chronic total occlusion (CTO). METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups, with poor CCC and good CCC, according to the Rentrop Classification...

Cell therapy is an emerging therapeutic modality with the power to exploit new cancer targets and potentially achieve positive outcomes for patients with few other options. Like all synthetic treatments, cell therapy has the risk of toxicity via unpredicted off-target behavior. We describe an empirical method to model off-tumor, off-target reactivity of receptors used for investigational T cell therapies. This approach utilizes an optimal panel of diverse human cell-lines to capture the large majority of protein-coding gene expression in adult human tissues...

Global pandemics caused by influenza or coronaviruses cause severe disruptions to public health and lead to high morbidity and mortality. There remains a medical need for vaccines against these pathogens. CMV (cytomegalovirus) is a β-herpesvirus that induces uniquely robust immune responses in which remarkably large populations of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells are maintained for a lifetime. Hence, CMV has been proposed and investigated as a novel vaccine vector for expressing antigenic peptides or proteins to elicit protective cellular immune responses against numerous pathogens...

The severity of chronic schistosomiasis has been mainly associated with the intensity and extension of the inflammatory response induced by egg-secreted antigens in the host tissue, especially in the liver and intestine. During acute schistosomiasis, eosinophils account for approximately 50% of the cells that compose the liver granulomas; however, the role of this cell-type in the pathology of schistosomiasis remains controversial. In the current study, we compared the parasite burden and liver immunopathological changes during experimental schistosomiasis in wild-type (WT) BALB/c mice and BALB/c mice selectively deficient for the differentiation of eosinophils (ΔdblGATA)...

Background: This study investigated the clinical factors related to hospital-acquired disability (HAD) among 70 patients (median age, 78 years; interquartile range (IQR), 78 - 83) who were hospitalized for heart failure (HF) at Ayase Heart Hospital between December 2019 and October 2020. Methods: HAD was defined as a ≥ 5-point decrease in Barthel Index (BI) scores from admission to discharge. Twenty-nine HF patients (41%) developed HAD after admission. Results: Compared to the non-HAD group, the HAD group had higher Kihon Checklist scores (14 points (IQR, 11 - 17) vs...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammation condition related to cardiac disorders. However, the mechanism responsible for obesity-related cardiac inflammation is unclear. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) belongs to a receptor of the transmembrane family responsible for the immune response whose activation stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines. OBJECTIVE: To test whether the activation of the TLR-4 receptor participates in the obesity cardiomyopathy process, due to cytokine production through NF-ĸB activation...

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The immune renal tubular diseases are known since five decades, but their prevalence remains to be defined. They are caused by humoral and cellular effectors of innate and adaptative immunities on several targets of the renal tubule: protein channels, co or counter transporters, luminal or cytosolic enzymes, tight junctions. Genetic or epigenetic variations are also involved. Clinical manifestations are various and make the diagnosis difficult. They can precede the causal affection and they worsen the prognosis...

Paraviral eruptions, such as the papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome or eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, share the following features that distinguish them from a classic viral eruption: they are highly recognizable; the eruption usually lasts a few weeks; many different viruses and sometimes other agents can trigger them; on microscopic examination, there is no specific cytopathogenic viral effect. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can induce both a classic viral eruption and a paraviral eruption, the meaning of which in terms of pathophysiology and prognosis is very different...

PURPOSE: Autoantibody responses in cancer are of great interest, as they may be concordant with T-cell responses to cancer antigens or predictive of response to cancer immunotherapies. Thus, we sought to characterize the antibody landscape of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Serum antibody epitope repertoire analysis (SERA) was performed on patient serum to identify tumor-specific neoepitopes. Somatic mutation-specific neoepitopes were investigated by associating serum epitope enrichment scores with whole-genome sequencing results from paired solid tumor metastasis biopsies and germline blood samples...

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) usually occurs in women, which can result in significant morbidities. A 38 year-old obese man who is currently smoking was referred to our hospital with chest pain. His electrocardiography and echocardiography suggested myocardial infarction in proximal region of left coronary artery. Emergent coronary angiography revealed 99% stenosis at mid portion of LAD and diffuse 50% stenosis from LMT to LAD. Intravascular ultrasound identified intramural hematoma severely compressing the true lumen which extended from mid LAD to LMT suggesting SCAD...

PURPOSE: Current methods for estimating muscle motor unit (MU) number provide values which are remarkably similar for muscles of widely differing size, probably because surface electrodes sample from similar and relatively small volumes in each muscle. We have evaluated an alternative means of estimating MU number that takes into account differences in muscle size. METHODS: Intramuscular motor unit potentials (MUPs) were recorded and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was measured using MRI to provide a motor unit number estimate (iMUNE)...

OBJECTIVE: To summarize available data concerning the role of maternal imunity and woman´s microbiome in the pathogenesis of preterm labor and their use in clinical practice. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology od the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, and General Teaching Hospital. DESIGN: Review article. METHODS: Compilation od published data from scientific literature. CONCLUSION: Preterm labor complicates approximately 10% of all pregnancies and represents a serious medical, social and economic problem...

Uric acid (UA) has been associated with renal fibrosis and progression of chronic kidney disease. However, the underlying mechanisms of this process have still not been identified. Here, we studied the role of the innate imunity receptor NLRP3/ASC in UA induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in kidney. Wistar rats were fed with oxonic acid 2% and UA 2% (OXA + U), OXA + U plus allopurinol (ALL) or regular chow (C) for 7 weeks. We analyzed the presence of EMT markers, the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 and Smad 2/3 molecules and the mitochondrial morphological and functional characteristics...

The objective of this study was to examine the internal training load (TL), IgA, and salivary steroid hormone responses in elite youth judo athletes during an entire annual training periodization. Ten male judo athletes (18±2 years, 72.3±12.3 kg, and 175±6 cm) competing at a state/national level were examined for the TL and salivary imune-endocrine responses variations over an annual judo season, divided in three macrocyles composed by distinct periods denominated preparatory period (PP), competitive period (CP) and transition period (TP)...

Chagas disease (CD) is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, an intracellular protozoan which is a potent stimulator of cell-mediated immunity. In the indeterminate form of CD (IFCD) a modulation between pro- and anti-inflammatory responses establishes a host-parasite adaptation. It was previously demonstrated that purinergic ecto-enzymes regulates extracellular ATP and adenosine levels, influencing immune and inflammatory processes during IFCD. In inflammatory sites ATP, as well as its degradation product, adenosine, function as signaling molecules and immunoregulators through the activation of purinergic receptors...

Background: Surgical trauma triggers an important postoperative stress response characterized by significantly elevated levels of cytokines, an event that can favor the emergence of immune disorders which lead to disturbances in the patient's body defense. The magnitude of postoperative stress is related to the degree of surgical trauma. Aim: To evaluate the expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-17) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines in patients submitted to conventional and single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy before and 24 h after surgery...

This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between menstrual cycle lenght and metabolic parameters in non-hyperandrogenic women with polycystic ovarian morphology, n = 250. Metabolic profiles of all participants were evaluated using anthropometric parameters (body mass index, waist circumference), parameters of dyslipidemia (total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides) and markers of insulin resistance (fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index)...

Disease-specific antibodies can serve as highly effective biomarkers but have been identified for only a relatively small number of autoimmune diseases. A method was developed to identify disease-specific binding motifs through integration of bacterial display peptide library screening, next-generation sequencing (NGS) and computational analysis. Antibody specificity repertoires were determined by identifying bound peptide library members for each specimen using cell sorting and performing NGS. A computational algorithm, termed Identifying Motifs Using Next- generation sequencing Experiments (IMUNE), was developed and applied to discover disease- and healthy control-specific motifs...

OBJECTIVES: A previous study showed that bee venom (BV) could cause anaphylaxis or other hypersensitivity reactions. Although hypersensitivity reactions due to sweet bee venom (SBV) have been reported, SBV has been reported to be associated with significantly reduced sensitization compared to BV. Although no systemic immediate hypersensitive response accompanied by abnormal vital signs has been reported with respect to SBV, we report a systemic immediate hypersensitive response that we experienced while trying to use SBV clinically...