Imun

Vitamin D is neccessary for regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in bones, affects imunity, the cardiovascular system, muscles, skin, epithelium, extracellular matrix, the central nervous system, and plays arole in prevention of aging-associated diseases. Vitamin D receptor is expressed in almost all types of cells and its activation leads to modulation of different signaling pathways. In this review, we have analysed the current knowledge of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 effects on metabolism of cells important for the function of the cardiovascular system (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac cells and pericytes), tissue healing (fibroblasts), epithelium (various types of epithelial cells) and the central nervous system (neurons, astrocytes and microglia)...

BACKGROUND:  Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) - immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has been rarely described in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVE:  To describe the prevalence of PML-IRIS among PLWHA with PML and its main features in a tertiary hospital in Brazil. METHODS:  We performed a retrospective cohort study. We included PLWHA with PML-IRIS patients admitted at Instituto de Infectologia Emílio Ribas , São Paulo, Brazil, between 2011 and 2021...

Nigeria, with its low routine immunization coverage and wild poliovirus reservoir, significantly contributes to overall regional burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. Since introduction of the EPI in 1974 (which later became the National Program of Immunization), Nigeria's immunization program suffered from declining coverage. The poor quality of immunization affects service utilization, even where they are provided for free, just as immunization services are. The quality assessment will provide both notion of degree of satisfaction of clients with services and framework for revision of program priorities, strategies and components Purpose of the study is to evaluate quality of immunization services provided to children in primary health centers in Oron, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria...

OBJECTIVE: After cardiovascular surgery, analgesic and sedative management in the intensive care unit (ICU) significantly affects short- and long-term outcomes of patients. This study aimed to clarify the impact of opioid reduction after acetaminophen administration on the length of intubation and rescue analgesic use after cardiovascular surgery. DESIGN: This was a case-control study. SETTING: This study was conducted in the ICU of a cardiovascular hospital...

ABSTRAK Penyakit Granulomatosis Wegener merupakan suatu penyakit autoimun yang mengenai dinding pembuluh darah terutama pembuluh darah kecil dan sedang akibat adanya reaksi komplek imun. Sampai saat ini etiologi penyakit Granulomatosis Wegener belum diketahui secara pasti. Diagnosis Granulosis Wegener salah satunya adalah terdeteksinya antibodi cytoplasmic antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (c-ANCA), akan tetapi pemeriksaan ANCA negatif atau tidak ditemukan pada kasWegener's granulomatosis is an autoimmune disease that affects the walls of small and medium-sized blood vessels due to an immune complex reaction...

Background: The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) is an important metabolic pathway and closely related to tumor development. However, its role in the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been fully investigated. Methods: The RNA expression profiles of ESCC samples were retrieved from the TCGA database, and the GSE53624 dataset was additionally downloaded from the GEO database as the validation cohort. Furthermore, the single cell sequencing dataset GSE160269 was downloaded. TCA cycle-related genes were obtained from the MSigDB database...

ImUnity is an original 2.5D deep-learning model designed for efficient and flexible MR image harmonization. A VAE-GAN network, coupled with a confusion module and an optional biological preservation module, uses multiple 2D slices taken from different anatomical locations in each subject of the training database, as well as image contrast transformations for its training. It eventually generates 'corrected' MR images that can be used for various multi-center population studies. Using 3 open source databases (ABIDE, OASIS and SRPBS), which contain MR images from multiple acquisition scanner types or vendors and a large range of subjects ages, we show that ImUnity: (1) outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of quality of images generated using traveling subjects; (2) removes sites or scanner biases while improving patients classification; (3) harmonizes data coming from new sites or scanners without the need for an additional fine-tuning and (4) allows the selection of multiple MR reconstructed images according to the desired applications...

PURPOSE: No evidence exists as to whether type 2 diabetes (T2DM) impairs clinical outcome from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI) in patients with solid tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In a large cohort of ICI recipients treated at 21 institutions from June 2014 to June 2020, we studied whether patients on glucose lowering medications (GLM) for T2DM had shorter OS and PFS. We used targeted transcriptomics in a subset of patients to explore differences in the tumor microenvironment of patients with/without diabetes...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the concentration of interferon (INF) -a, INF- g, interleukin (IL) -6, and secretory IgA (sIgA) in saliva during various regimens of antitumour treatment and immunotherapy (IT) with a/b-defensins in patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx in order to find ways to increase the effectiveness and improvement of the tolerability of antitumour treatment on the base of the identification of biomarkers for the evaluation of the antitumour effect and the prediction of complications...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause not only respiratory symptoms but also gastrointestinal symptoms. In addition, there is increased concern about the autoimmune complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This report describes a 21-year-old non-smoking Caucasian male with a history of acute pancreatitis but no other medical issues or family history who developed a new onset of ulcerative colitis after the second episode of COVID-19. He had three doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine...

Imunita po prodělané infekci SARS-CoV-2 byla dlouhodobě zpochybňována. Z jiných typů respiračních onemocnění však víme, že buňky, které se vytvoří při první infekci, dlouhodobě přežívají a při opakované infekci je díky nim imunitní reakce rychlejší a účinnější. Popisuje se zvýšení hladin protilátek, jejich lepší avidita a vznik nových variant...

BACKGROUND: The underlying pathology of isolated coronary artery ectasia (CE) has not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the relationship between the systemic immune inflammation index (Sıı), which corresponds to the multiplying of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the platelet counts, and isolated CE. METHOD: The retrospective study population included 200 patients with isolated CE, 200 consecutive with obstructive coronary artery disease, and 200 consecutive with a normal coronary artery angiogram...

Chemotherapy-associated cardiotoxicity is a common adverse event. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) - a new class of monoclonal antibodies - have revolutionized the management of various diseases. Their use is expected to increase in the near future and their cardiac side effects have been increasingly recognized. Clinical case: We describe a case of a 67-year-old female patient with urothelial carcinoma undergoing treatment with pembrolizumab who presented to the emergency department with progressive fatigue, retrosternal pain and palpitations for three days...

We experienced a case of infective endocarditis caused by Abiotrophia defectiva in which aortic, mitral, and tricuspid valve surgery was performed. Even if blood cultures are negative, it is important to treat patients with endocarditis considering the possibility that some organisms are difficult to detect via conventional blood culture. Embolism is a complication that should not be overlooked in cases of infective endocarditis, particularly those caused by Abiotrophia defectiva, which tends to cause embolism...

Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome (APS) spans three types of autoimmune disorders, categorized as APS type 1, type 2, and type 3. APS type 1 (APS-1) is the rarest type of the three. Complications of APS-1 can affect the bones, joints, skin, nails, gonads, eyes, thyroid, and several internal organs. We report a case of APS-1 in a 16-year-old female patient, who presented with complaints of oral thrush, tingling and numbness in her peripheries, and rash with multiple patches on the whole body with an infection of the nails, all around the age of 11 years, progressively worsening with time...

The enzymatic activity of CD26/DPP4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4/DPP4) is highlighted in multiple studies to play a vital role in glucose metabolism by cleaving and inactivating the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP) and gastric inhibitory protein (GIP). A large number of studies demonstrate that CD26 also plays an integral role in the immune system, particularly in T cell activation. CD26 is extensively expressed in immune cells, such as T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages. The enzymatic activity of CD26 cleaves and regulates numerous chomokines and cytokines...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of "red propolis" supplementation in the frequency of acute respiratory infections incidence in stunted preschool children. We hypothesized that the "red" propolis supplementation is effective in the reduce frequency of acute respiratory complications in stunted children. METHODS: This is a non-randomized, pair-matched clinical trial with 70 children, ranging from 1 to 5 years old, followed for 1 year, which were paired into two groups according to age, sex, and stunting classification...

As Si has faced physical limits on further scaling down, novel semiconducting materials such as 2D transition metal dichalcogenides and oxide semiconductors (OS) have gained tremendous attention to continue the ever-demanding downscaling represented by Moore's law. Amongst, OS is considered to be the most promising alternative material because it has intriguing features such as modest mobility, extremely low off-current, great uniformity, and low temperature processibility with conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatible methods...

BACKGROUND: The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) has been reported as a new prognostic marker in tumors and cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of SII with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 843 patients with STEMI. Patients were divided into two groups based on the median value of SII...

BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays a key role in the initiation and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel inflammatory parameter that has been shown to be associated with CAD. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between SII and coronary collateral circulation (CCC) in patients with stable CAD and chronic total occlusion (CTO). METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups, with poor CCC and good CCC, according to the Rentrop Classification...