Fetal healing

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of metformin against PM2.5-induced functional impairment of placental trophoblasts and explore the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Sixteen pregnant Kunming mice were randomly assigned into two groups ( n =8) for intratracheal instillation of PBS or PM2.5 suspension at 1.5, 7.5, and 12.5 days of gestation. The pregnancy outcome of the mice was observed, and placental zonal structure and vascular density of the labyrinth area were examined with HE staining, followed by detection of ferroptosis-related indexes in the placenta...

We evaluated the expression profiles of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) involved in human fetal skin development via high-throughput sequencing to explore the expression difference and the regulatory role of miRNA in different stages of fetal skin development. Analysis of expression profiles of miRNAs involved collecting embryo samples via high-throughput sequencing, then bioinformatics analyses were performed to validate DEmiRNAs. A total of 363 miRNAs were differentially expressed during the early and mid-pregnancy of development, and upregulated DEmiRNAs were mainly concentrated in the let-7 family...

PURPOSE: The purpose of our study is to investigate the function of YAP1 in the trophoblast ferroptosis and maternal-fetal interface communication of RPL. METHODS: We collected 25 villous tissues and detected the expression of YAP1. Cell counting kit-8 assay, scratch wound-healing assay, and Matrigel invasion assay were performed to observe the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo and JAR cells. Subsequently, measured the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), SLC7A11, SOD2, and GPX4...

Embryonic wound repair proceeds with complete regeneration of the tissue without any scar formation, whereas tissue repair in adults usually results in scars and the tissue does not completely regain its preinjured state. Wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN) in adult rodents results in de novo hair follicle formation in the center of large wounds, mimicking regeneration processes seen in fetal tissue. The investigation of WIHN therefore provides a unique quantitative framework for scrutinizing the mechanistic underpinnings of regenerative repair, which can have clinical implications in the context of scarless healing...

Expression of CRIPTO, a factor involved in embryonic stem cells, fetal development, and wound healing, is tied to poor prognosis in multiple cancers. In previous models of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), CRIPTO blockade inhibits tumor growth and dissemination. Here, we describe a novel mechanism by which CRIPTO-laden tumor extracellular vesicles (TEVs) facilitate reciprocal crosstalk between tumor cells and fibroblasts that drives aggressive TNBC phenotypes. CRIPTO expression in TNBC cells was required to program fibroblasts towards a cancer associated fibroblasts cell-state that promoted tumor cell invasion...

Recent advancements in gene editing illuminate new potential therapeutic approaches for Sickle Cell Disease (SCD), a debilitating monogenic disorder caused by a point mutation in the β-globin gene. Despite the availability of several FDA-approved medications for symptomatic relief, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the sole curative option, underscoring a persistent need for novel treatments. This review delves into the growing field of gene editing, particularly the extensive research focused on curing haemoglobinopathies like SCD...

Tissue adhesives are promising alternatives to sutures and staples to achieve wound closure and hemostasis. However, they often do not work well on tissues that are soaked in blood or other biological fluids, and organs that are typically exposed to a variety of harsh environments, such as different pH values, nonhomogeneous distortions, continuous expansions and contractions, or high pressures. In this study, we developed a nature-derived multilayered hetero-bioadhesive patch (skin secretion of Andrias davidianus (SSAD)-Patch) based on hydrophilic/hydrophobic pro-healing bioadhesives derived from the skin secretion of SSAD, which is designed to form pressure-triggered strong adhesion with wet tissues...

Heart failure afflicts an estimated 6.5 million people in the United States, driven largely by incidents of coronary heart disease (CHD). CHD leads to heart failure due to the inability of adult myocardial tissue to regenerate after myocardial infarction (MI). Instead, immune cells and resident cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), the cells responsible for the maintenance of the cardiac extracellular matrix (cECM), drive an inflammatory wound healing response, which leads to fibrotic scar tissue. However, fibrosis is reduced in fetal and early (<1-week-old) neonatal mammals, which exhibit a transient capability for regenerative tissue remodeling...

Epithelial tissues, including the skin, are highly proliferative tissues with the capability to constant renewal and regeneration, a feature that is essential for survival as the skin forms a protective barrier against external insults and water loss. In adult mammalian skin, every injury will lead to a scar. The scar tissue that is produced to seal the wound efficiently is usually rigid and lacks elasticity and the skin's original resilience to external impacts, but also secondary appendages such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a multi-system syndrome caused by loss-of-function mutation in TSC1 or TSC2. Most TSC patients present with cardiac rhabdomyoma or cortical tubers during fetal life, and the symptoms are not uniform as their age. The gene products of TSC1/2 are components of the TSC protein complex and are important role in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR (PAM) signaling pathway. Based on three members of a family with variable expressivity, the purpose of this study was to clarify the clinical features of TSC in different age groups and to analyze the genetic characteristics of TSC2 gene...

Scaffolds can be introduced as a source of tissue in reconstructive surgery and can help to improve wound healing. Amniotic membranes (AMs) as scaffolds for tissue engineering have emerged as promising biomaterials for surgical reconstruction due to their regenerative capacity, biocompatibility, gradual degradability, and availability. They also promote fetal-like scarless healing and provide a bioactive matrix that stimulates cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation. The aim of this study was to create a tissue-engineered AM-based implant for the repair of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF), a defect between the bladder and vagina caused by prolonged obstructed labor...

Background Impaired fracture healing is a recurring interdisciplinary medical challenge. Alternative treatment concepts, apart from conventional medicine are popular, but scientific evidence on their effects is still lacking. Plant-derived substances are widely assumed to support bone homeostasis. To clarify the effects on bone healing mechanisms, a commercially available, homeopathic-spagyric remedy, containing inter alia two herbal substances with assumed osteogenic potential, equisetum arvense and bellis perennis, was analyzed...

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of bilayered living cellular construct (BLCC) versus a fetal bovine collagen dressing (FBCD) in pressure injuries (PRIs). Methods: A real-world data study was conducted on 1352 PRIs analyzed digitally. 1046 and 306 PRIs were treated with BLCC and FBCD, respectively. Results: Cox healing for BLCC (n = 1046) was significantly greater (p < 0.0001) at week 4 (13 vs 7%), 8 (29 vs 17%), 12 (42 vs 27%), 24 (64 vs 45%), and 36 (73 vs 56%). The probability of healing increased by 66%, (hazard ratio = 1...

Reports on UCF in animals are still lacking in veterinary literature. Detailed clinical signs, laboratory findings, and follow-up information from the first cases of UCF in two ewes and two cows are provided. The cases occurred over a 12-year period. All ruminants presented a fistulous tract or perforated wound on the right ventral abdomen, emitting a foul-smelling secretion possibly associated with macerated fetal parts or placental remains. Laboratory findings included anemia, leukocytosis by neutrophilia, and hyperfibrinogenemia in one ewe, and hyperfibrinogenemia in one cow...

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Early recognition and treatment of surgical site infection (SSI) may prevent devastating consequences of wound infections complicating caesarean delivery (CD). SSI complicates 3-15% of CDs; among the severe forms are necrotising fasciitis (NF) and clostridial gas gangrene, with the latter being the most rapidly spreading and fatal. The aim of this report is to improve early recognition of SSI complicating CD. An obese 32-year-old woman, gravida 2 para 1, with a previous uncomplicated vaginal delivery had a CD for fetal compromise in a district hospital...

Endometriosis, a common gynecological disorder characterized by the growth of endometrial gland and stroma outside the uterus, causes several symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, hypermenorrhea, and chronic abdominal pain. 17β estradiol (E2) stimulates the growth of endometriotic lesions. Although estetrol (E4), produced by human fetal liver, is also a natural estrogen, it may have the opposite effects on endometriotic cells. We investigated different effects of E4 and E2 on the invasion and migration of immortalized human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) and evaluated whether E4 affects the expression of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) family member 1 (WASF-1)...

Current studies have indicated that insufficient trophoblast epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration and invasion are crucial for spontaneous abortion (SA) occurrence and development. Exosomal miRNAs play significant roles in embryonic development and cellular communication. Hereon, we explored the roles of serum exosomes derived from SA patients on trophoblast EMT, migration and invasion. Exosomes were isolated from normal control (NC) patients with abortion for unplanned pregnancy and SA patients, then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and western blotting...

INTRODUCTION: Fetal growth restriction (FGR) can lead to fetal mental development abnormalities, malformations, and even intrauterine death. Defects in the trophoblasts at the maternal-fetal interface may contribute to FGR. However, the impact of trophoblasts on FGR is still not well understood. Therefore, the objective of this study is to characterize the heterogeneity of placental cells at the single-cell level and investigate the role of trophoblast subtypes in the pathogenesis of FGR at the cellular and molecular levels...

The utilization of 27-G TSV, or 27-Gauge Transconjunctival Sutureless Vitrectomy, poses distinct difficulties in the context of paediatric patients, particularly those younger than 14 years old, on account of the dearth of exhaustive documentation concerning the efficacy and results of these operations. Therefore, this retrospective study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 27-G TSV in paediatric patients, with emphasis on management of intraoperative and postoperative complications and postoperative wound healing...