Kounis syndrome

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Kounis syndrome is a condition where inflammatory cells (mostly mast cells with the contribution of macrophages and T-lymphocytes) cause an acute coronary syndrome. Kounis syndrome comes in four variants: type I in patients with normal coronary arteries; type II in patients with inactive pre-existing atheromatous disease; type III in patients with pre-existing coronary artery stenting; type IV in patients with a pre-existing coronary artery bypass. Recently, we came across a case of recurrent type I Kounis syndrome in our clinical practice...

Cancer therapy can result in acute cardiac events, such as coronary artery spasm, acute myocardial infarction, thromboembolism, myocarditis, bradycardia, tachyarrhythmias, atrio-ventricular blocks, QT prolongation, torsades de pointes, pericardial effusion, and hypotension, as well as chronic conditions, such as hypertension, and systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction presenting clinically as heart failure or cardiomyopathy. In cardio-oncology, when referring to cardiac toxicity and cardiovascular hypersensitivity, there is a great deal of misunderstanding...

Kounis Syndrome (KS), a seldom-seen adverse reaction to iodine contrast agents, has an incidence that remains unclear. At present, there are no unified guidelines for managing KS either nationally or internationally. Ioversol, a new triiodinated hypotonic nonionic contrast agent, is commonly used in cardiovascular Computed Tomography (CT) and vascular imaging for diagnostic purposes. Its principal adverse reactions encompass fever, dermatological responses, convulsions, respiratory distress, hypersensitivity reactions including KS, and acute renal injury...

Kounis syndrome is an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) caused by an allergic reaction that almost always occurs immediately and simultaneously with allergic symptoms. We present a case of Kounis syndrome type III that developed after complete resolution of contrast-induced anaphylaxis in a 60-year-old man with a coronary stent placed in the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery branch for ischemic heart disease. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed anaphylactic shock. Symptoms quickly improved with intramuscular adrenaline injection; however, chest pain appeared after approximately 30 min...

The convergence of takotsubo and Kounis syndromes, collectively referred to as the "ATAK complex" (short for adrenaline, takotsubo, anaphylaxis, and Kounis syndrome), poses a unique and challenging clinical scenario, especially in the context of chemotherapy-related anaphylaxis. We present a case report involving a 63-year-old woman undergoing chemotherapy for endometrial adenocarcinoma who experienced anaphylactic symptoms during treatment. Immediate administration of epinephrine was followed by the emergence of ST elevation, a reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, and wall motion abnormalities indicative of stress-induced cardiomyopathy...

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BACKGROUND: Kounis syndrome is an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) caused by allergic reactions, including coronary artery spasm (type I) caused by allergies without coronary predisposing factors, pre-existing coronary atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. Anaphylaxis leads to plaque rupture or erosion leading to acute myocardial infarction (type II) and acute coronary stent thrombosis (type III). Here we share a case of Kounis syndrome type I caused by an allergy caused by a Cryptopteran bite...

BACKGROUND: Kounis syndrome (KS) is an underdiagnosed disease. The management of the disease remains elusive because of its infrequency. CASE PRESENTATION: A 78-year-old man with anaphylactic shock was admitted to our hospital 2 h after multiple bee stings. After recovering from an anaphylactic reaction, he presented with chest pain with ST elevation. We diagnosed him with KS. After a continuous intravenous infusion of vasodilators, his chest pain and ST elevation improved...

Kounis syndrome (KS) is an acute coronary syndrome triggered by allergic or hypersensitivity reactions. Incidence rates vary, with studies reporting 19.4 per 100.000 among all admissions and 3.4% among allergy patients. This review explores the expanding understanding of KS, encompassing various manifestations, and focusing on both clinical data and forensic findings useful in performing a diagnosis. The pathophysiology of this syndrome involves a complex interplay between allergic reactions and the cardiovascular system...

UNLABELLED: Immune-mediated acute coronary syndrome, also known as Kounis syndrome (KS), is an underrecognized and challenging diagnosis. In this case report, we present a case of cardiac arrest secondary to iodinated contrast allergy requiring emergent cardiac catheterization and hemodynamic support secondary to type 2 KS. KS necessitates a high index of clinical suspicion by the treating physician in order to address both the hypersensitivity reaction and its cardiac implications. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Kounis syndrome (KS) is a clinically distinct entity from anaphylaxis; managing KS in the same way as anaphylaxis can worsen cardiac demand and ischemia...

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several explanations for the development of cardiovascular complications during and after acute COVID-19 infection have been hypothesized. The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as one of the deadliest pandemics in modern history. The myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients has been associated with coronary spasm, microthrombi formation, plaque rupture, hypoxic injury, or cytokine storm, which have the same pathophysiology as the three clinical variants of Kounis syndrome...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Kounis syndrome is a specific type of acute coronary syndrome caused by allergic or hypersensitivity response. Clinical knowledge about this syndrome is insufficient. We report a case in which intravenous administration of flurbiprofen resulted in Type I Kounis syndrome. CASE SUMMARY: A 60-year-old female patient with no history of coronary artery disease developed limb erythema, hypotension, and chest tightness after receiving intravenous flurbiprofen...

Acute coronary syndrome or ST-elevation myocardial infarction that develops as a hypersensitive reaction following exposure to an allergen, such as chemicals or bee or wasp stings, is known as Kounis syndrome (KS). Based on angiographic characteristics, three kinds of KS have been identified. Multiple bee stings typically result in localized allergic reactions and anaphylaxis, but they can also occasionally induce severe systemic toxic reactions. Here, a case of KS in a 50-year-old male presented with swelling on the face and upper limbs and breathing difficulties resulting from bee stings which led to myocardial infarction...

The Kounis syndrome is described as the co-occurrence of allergic responses brought on by mast cell activation and acute coronary syndromes. We present a case of Kounis syndrome leading to cardiac arrest following the cephazolin sodium administration during the surgical resection of basal cell carcinoma. An 87-year-old woman was diagnosed with basal cell cancer. She received surgical excision of the tumor while anesthetized with lidocaine hydrochloride and 1% epinephrine. This patient began to itch around five minutes after  cefazolin (CEZ) administration and eventually experienced cardiac arrest following diffuse rashes that spread throughout her body and edema in her eyelids...

Kounis syndrome is a rare type of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) that occurs as a result of an allergic or anaphylactic reaction. Kounis syndrome can be induced by various medications including antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, antihypertensive medications, corticosteroids, and antineoplastic medications. Additionally, cases of Kounis syndrome associated with lansoprazole and pantoprazole have been previously reported in the literature. In this report, we present a case of Kounis syndrome associated with omeprazole use, and discuss the need for a high index of suspicion as it is often underrecognised...