keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515284/glycolanguage-of-the-oral-microbiota
#21
REVIEW
Fiona F Hager-Mair, Susanne Bloch, Christina Schäffer
The oral cavity harbors a diverse and dynamic bacterial biofilm community which is pivotal to oral health maintenance and, if turning dysbiotic, can contribute to various diseases. Glycans as unsurpassed carriers of biological information are participating in underlying processes that shape oral health and disease. Bacterial glycoinfrastructure-encompassing compounds as diverse as glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), cell wall glycopolymers, and exopolysaccharides-is well known to influence bacterial fitness, with direct effects on bacterial physiology, immunogenicity, lifestyle, and interaction and colonization capabilities...
March 21, 2024: Molecular Oral Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513611/changes-in-viral-dynamics-following-the-legal-relaxation-of-covid-19-mitigation-measures-in-japan-from-children-to-adults-a-single-center-study-2020-2023
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yosuke Hirotsu, Yuki Nagakubo, Makoto Maejima, Masahiro Shibusawa, Kazuhiro Hosaka, Hitomi Sueki, Hitoshi Mochizuki, Masao Omata
INTRODUCTION: Respiratory infections are an ongoing global health challenge. The COVID-19 pandemic triggered global nonpharmacological measures that reshaped public health. In Japan, the shift from legal to individual discretion in pandemic management started on May 8, 2023. However, it still unknown how the relaxation of measures affects respiratory pathogens across age groups. METHODS: We collected 16,946 samples from 13,526 patients between February 2020 and September 2023, analyzing the circulating respiratory pathogen dynamics using FilmArray respiratory panel...
March 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513364/recent-advances-approaches-and-challenges-in-the-development-of-universal-influenza-vaccines
#23
REVIEW
Caryn Myn Li Lim, Thamil Vaani Komarasamy, Nur Amelia Azreen Binti Adnan, Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan, Vinod R M T Balasubramaniam
Every year, influenza virus infections cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. They pose a substantial burden of disease, in terms of not only health but also the economy. Owing to the ability of influenza viruses to continuously evolve, annual seasonal influenza vaccines are necessary as a prophylaxis. However, current influenza vaccines against seasonal strains have limited effectiveness and require yearly reformulation due to the virus undergoing antigenic drift or shift. Vaccine mismatches are common, conferring suboptimal protection against seasonal outbreaks, and the threat of the next pandemic continues to loom...
March 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38513206/improving-community-antibiotic-prescribing-to-keep-antibiotics-working-in-aotearoa-new-zealand
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mark G Thomas
Antibiotic resistance, principally a consequence of the human use of antibiotics dispensed in the community, is a relentlessly growing threat to human health in Aotearoa New Zealand. Reducing the prescription of antibiotics for conditions in which they confer no benefit is the most effective method of slowing the spread of antibiotic resistance. In Aotearoa New Zealand, as in many other nations, antibiotic "treatment" of acute respiratory tract infections is the most important component of unnecessary antibiotic use...
March 22, 2024: New Zealand Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512971/predictors-to-intensive-care-unit-admission-among-patient-with-coronavirus-disease-in-sukraraj-tropical-and-infectious-disease-hospital-nepal-a-case-control-study
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dipsikha Aryal, Paras Kumar Pokharel, Anup Ghimire, Vijay Kumar Khanal, Gyanu Nepal Gurung, Bimal Sharma Chalise, Sudikshya Neupane, Shikha Basnet
The clinical features of COVID-19 are vary widely, ranging from asymptomatic states or mild upper respiratory tract infections to severe pneumonia. Previous studies have shown that 20.0% of COVID-19 patients are hospitalized, out of which 10.0-20.0% are admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. The present study aims to assess predictors associated with COVID-19 leading to Intensive Care Unit admission among reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive patients in Sukraraj Tropical and infectious disease hospital, Nepal...
2024: PLOS Glob Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511906/identification-of-temporal-shifts-of-oral-bacteria-in-bone-regeneration-following-mandibular-bone-defect-injury-and-therapeutic-surgery-in-a-porcine-model
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fatemeh Sanjar, David T Silliman, Ian J Johnson, Zayer Htut, Trent J Peacock, Samira F Thompson, Gregory R Dion, Md A Nahid, John F Decker, Kai P Leung
BACKGROUND: Considered the second largest and most diverse microbiome after the gut, the human oral ecosystem is complex with diverse and niche-specific microorganisms. Although evidence is growing for the importance of oral microbiome in supporting a healthy immune system and preventing local and systemic infections, the influence of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma and routine reconstructive surgical treatments on community structure and function of oral resident microbes remains unknown...
March 21, 2024: Molecular Oral Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510659/the-hidden-dangers-lurking-at-home-unveiling-the-prevalence-of-leftover-antibiotics-and-its-associated-factors-among-lebanese-households
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wadih Saadeh, Stephanie Chaccour, Deema Rahme, Nathalie Lahoud, Nadine Saleh
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a major global concern. Irrational use of antibiotics including self-medication (SM) with leftovers without a medical prescription can be a leading cause. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and related factors of leftover antibiotics (LA) in Lebanese households. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study of the Lebanese population was conducted between March and October 2022. METHODS: Through random proportional stratified sampling, a total of 494 families participated in this study...
June 2024: Public health in practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38510651/chinese-medicine-phragmites-communis-lu-gen-for-acute-respiratory-tract-infections-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis-of-randomized-controlled-trials
#28
Min Fang, Ling-Yao Kong, Guang-He Ji, Feng-Lan Pu, You-Zhu Su, Yu-Fei Li, Michael Moore, Merlin Willcox, Jeanne Trill, Xiao-Yang Hu, Jian-Ping Liu
Background: Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with most people experiencing at least one episode per year. Current treatment options are mainly symptomatic therapy. Antivirals, antibiotics, and glucocorticoids are of limited benefit for most infections. Traditional Chinese medicine has shown potential benefits in the treatment of ARTIs. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of Phragmites communis Trin...
2024: Frontiers in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509857/combined-cold-water-immersion-and-breathwork-may-be-associated-with-improved-mental-health-and-reduction-in-the-duration-of-upper-respiratory-tract-infection-a-case-control-study
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jan Czarnecki, Katarzyna Nowakowska-Domagała, Łukasz Mokros
A polar plunge is a term referring to an ice-cold water immersion (CWI), usually in the winter period. It is also a part of a specific training program (STP) which currently gains popularity worldwide and was proven to display paradigm-shifting characteristics. The aim of this study was to compare the indices of mental functioning (including depression, anxiety, mindfulness) and duration of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) measured among the study participants. A set of questionnaires was distributed via the Internet...
December 2024: International Journal of Circumpolar Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509549/correction-seasonality-of-respiratory-syncytial-virus-infection-in-children-hospitalized-with-acute-lower-respiratory-tract-infections-in-hunan-china-2013-2022
#30
Le-Yun Xie, Tao Wang, Tian Yu, Xian Hu, Le Yang, Li-Li Zhong, Bing Zhang, Sai-Zhen Zeng
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 20, 2024: Virology Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38508690/neutralizing-activity-of-anti-respiratory-syncytial-virus-monoclonal-antibody-produced-in-nicotiana-benthamiana
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nuttapat Pisuttinusart, Kaewta Rattanapisit, Chanya Srisaowakarn, Arunee Thitithanyanont, Richard Strasser, Balamurugan Shanmugaraj, Waranyoo Phoolcharoen
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a highly contagious virus that affects the lungs and respiratory passages of many vulnerable people. It is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections and clinical complications, particularly among infants and elderly. It can develop into serious complications such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. The development of RSV vaccine or immunoprophylaxis remains highly active and a global health priority. Currently, GSK's Arexvy™ vaccine is approved for the prevention of lower respiratory tract disease in older adults (>60 years)...
December 31, 2024: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38507092/air-pollution-and-upper-respiratory-diseases-an-examination-among-medically-insured-populations-in-wuhan-china
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tianyu Liu, Yuehua Liu, Yaqian Su, Jiayuan Hao, Suyang Liu
Multiple evidence has supported that air pollution exposure has detrimental effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. However, most investigations focus on the general population, with limited research conducted on medically insured populations. To address this gap, the current research was designed to examine the acute effects of inhalable particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), ground-level ozone (O3 ), and sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) on the incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), utilizing medical insurance data in Wuhan, China...
March 20, 2024: International Journal of Biometeorology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504921/a-phase-i-clinical-trial-assessing-the-safety-tolerability-and-pharmacokinetics-of-inhaled-ethanol-in-humans-as-a-potential-treatment-for-respiratory-tract-infections
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David G Hancock, William Ditcham, Eleanor Ferguson, Yuliya V Karpievitch, Stephen M Stick, Grant W Waterer, Barry S Clements
BACKGROUND: Current treatments for respiratory infections are severely limited. Ethanol's unique properties including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and surfactant-like activity make it a promising candidate treatment for respiratory infections if it can be delivered safely to the airway by inhalation. Here, we explore the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of inhaled ethanol in a phase I clinical trial. METHODS: The study was conducted as a single-centre, open-label clinical trial in 18 healthy adult volunteers, six with no significant medical comorbidities, four with stable asthma, four with stable cystic fibrosis, and four active smokers...
2024: Frontiers in Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38504475/blood-gases-acid-base-and-metabolic-alterations-in-calves-with-bronchopneumonia-diagnosed-via-clinical-signs-and-thoracic-ultrasonography-a-cross-sectional-study
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio Boccardo, Vincenzo Ferrulli, Giulia Sala, Donatella Scavone, Saverio Paltrinieri, Laura Filippone Pavesi, Davide Pravettoni
BACKGROUND: Bronchopneumonia (BP) in calves potentially causes systemic changes. OBJECTIVES: To describe metabolic, arterial blood gas, and acid-base disorders in calves with BP diagnosed by thoracic ultrasound (TUS), Wisconsin score (WISC), and combinations of WISC and TUS. ANIMALS: Two hundred thirty-one dairy preweaned dairy calves from 13 dairy farms. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Each calf sequentially underwent arterial blood gas evaluation, WISC score, venous sampling, and TUS...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503757/design-of-hepadnavirus-core-protein-based-chimeric-virus-like-particles-carrying-epitopes-from-respiratory-syncytial-virus
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuai Shao, Xue Feng Zhang, Jun Wei Hou, Sen Sen Yang, Zi Bo Han, Hai Lan Wu, Fang Tang, Xin Yu Li, Ze Hua Lei, Zi Xin Zhao, Shu Xiang Li, Zhao Ming Liu, Pu Shan, Yu Qin Jin, Ji Guo Su, Yu Liang, Jing Zhang, Qi Ming Li
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in humans, especially in infants and the elderly. The identification and structural resolution of the potent neutralizing epitopes on RSV fusion (F) protein enable an "epitope-focused" vaccine design. However, the display of RSV F epitope II on the surface of the widely-used human hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) has failed to induce neutralizing antibody response in mice. Here, we used the hepadnavirus core protein (HcAg) from different mammalian hosts as scaffolds to construct chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) presenting the RSV F epitope II...
March 19, 2024: NPJ Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503498/association-of-monocyte-count-with-lung-function-and-exercise-capacity-among-hospitalized-covid-19-survivors-a-2-year-cohort-study
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoying Gu, Lixue Huang, Xia Li, Yuting Zhou, Hui Zhang, Yeming Wang, Dan Cui, Ting Yu, Yimin Wang, Bin Cao
BACKGROUND: Abnormal changes of monocytes have been observed in acute COVID-19, whereas associations of monocyte count with long COVID were not sufficiently elucidated. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted among COVID-19 survivors discharged from hospital. The primary outcomes were core symptoms of long COVID, distance walked in 6 min, and lung function, and the secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life and healthcare use after discharge. Latent variable mixture modeling was used to classify individuals into groups with similar trajectory of monocyte count from discharge to 2-year after symptom onset...
March 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503436/investigating-the-air-quality-surrounding-new-schools-in-england-polluted-playgrounds-and-school-buildings-are-a-source-of-avoidable-harm
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yasmin Mahfouz, Florence Tydeman, Meredith Robertson
OBJECTIVE: To assess levels of pollutants at the sites of new schools and whether pupils are likely to be protected from associated risks. SETTING: Air pollution causes damage to children's health by increasing respiratory tract infection rates, asthma exacerbations, allergies and childhood cancers. Further effects include poorer neurocognitive outcomes and multisystemic illness in adulthood. DESIGN: We obtained a list of all 187 proposed new schools in England from 2017 to 2025 and found locations for 147 of them...
March 19, 2024: Archives of Disease in Childhood
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38502074/aspirin-for-metabolic-dysfunction-associated-steatotic-liver-disease-without-cirrhosis-a-randomized-clinical-trial
#38
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Tracey G Simon, Robert M Wilechansky, Stefania Stoyanova, Alessandra Grossman, Laura E Dichtel, Georg M Lauer, Karen K Miller, Yujin Hoshida, Kathleen E Corey, Rohit Loomba, Raymond T Chung, Andrew T Chan
IMPORTANCE: Aspirin may reduce severity of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and lower the incidence of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, in patients with MASLD. However, the effect of aspirin on MASLD is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To test whether low-dose aspirin reduces liver fat content, compared with placebo, in adults with MASLD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This 6-month, phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted at a single hospital in Boston, Massachusetts...
March 19, 2024: JAMA
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501337/convalescent-plasma-therapy-in-immunocompromised-patients-infected-with-the-ba-1-or-ba-2-omicron-sars-cov-2
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Quentin Richier, Benjamin De Valence, Dorothée Chopin, Emmanuelle Gras, Laura I Levi, Yasmine Abi Aad, Jérôme Pacanowski, Jean-Luc Meynard, Léo Plaçais, Dorothée Fey, Priscille Couture, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Vincent Pestre, Juliette Woessner, Sophie Ancellin, Pierre Weyrich, Benjamin Carpentier, Salim Idri, Pierre Tiberghien, Laure Surgers, Thomas Hueso, Karine Lacombe
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant has led to a complete reconfiguration of the therapeutic landscape, with all monoclonal antibodies having lost any neutralization activity. We report here a case series of 75 immunocompromised patients infected by the Omicron variant who benefited from COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP). At Day 28, the overall survival was 76% (95% CI 67-86) with no significant difference in the clinical outcome between patients with hematological malignancies, solid organ transplantation or autoimmune diseases...
March 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501305/patterns-of-non-influenza-respiratory-viruses-among-severe-acute-respiratory-infection-cases-in-burkina-faso-a-surveillance-study
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Moussa Lingani, Assana Cissé, Abdoul Kader Ilboudo, Issaka Yaméogo, Zekiba Tarnagada
BACKGROUND: Although influenza viruses cause only one-fifth of severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) in Burkina Faso, the other viral causes of SARI remain poorly investigated to inform clinical and preventive decision making. METHODS: Between 2016 and 2019, we prospectively enrolled inpatients meeting the World Health Organization (WHO) case definition of SARI in Burkina Faso. Results of viral etiologies among inpatients tested negative for influenza using the Fast Track Diagnostics Respiratory Kits (FTD-33) were reported...
March 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
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