keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37491958/signal-detectability-and-boldness-are-not-the-same-the-function-of-defensive-coloration-in-nudibranchs-is-distance-dependent
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cedric P van den Berg, John A Endler, Karen L Cheney
Aposematic signals visually advertise underlying anti-predatory defences in many species. They should be detectable (e.g. contrasting against the background) and bold (e.g. using internal pattern contrast) to enhance predator recognition, learning and memorization. However, the signalling function of aposematic colour patterns may be distance-dependent: signals may be undetectable from a distance to reduce increased attacks from naïve predators but bold when viewed up close. Using quantitative colour pattern analysis, we quantified the chromatic and achromatic detectability and boldness of colour patterns in 13 nudibranch species with variable strength of chemical defences in terms of unpalatability and toxicity, approximating the visual perception of a triggerfish ( Rhinecanthus aculeatus ) across a predation sequence (detection to subjugation)...
July 26, 2023: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37485808/stop-then-go-rapid-acceleration-offsets-the-costs-of-intermittent-locomotion-when-turning-in-florida-scrub-lizards
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cheyenne A Walker, Lance D McBrayer
Intermittent locomotion is a common locomotor mode in small vertebrates. Pausing is thought to aid in locating a predator or prey, enhancing crypsis, lowering energy costs, and/or maneuvering around obstacles or toward a refuge. Many lizards flee predators by turning into potential refugia and subsequently pausing, presumably to conceal themselves. Intermittent locomotion may be associated with turning by allowing an animal time to assess its surroundings and/or decreasing the likelihood of losing its footing...
July 23, 2023: Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37478865/a-stabilizing-eco-evolutionary-feedback-loop-in-the-wild
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura S Zamorano, Zachariah Gompert, Emanuel A Fronhofer, Jeffrey L Feder, Patrik Nosil
There is increasing evidence that evolutionary and ecological processes can operate on the same timescale1 , 2 (i.e., contemporary time). As such, evolution can be sufficiently rapid to affect ecological processes such as predation or competition. Thus, evolution can influence population, community, and ecosystem-level dynamics. Indeed, studies have now shown that evolutionary dynamics can alter community structure3 , 4 , 5 , 6 and ecosystem function.7 , 8 , 9 , 10 In turn, shifts in ecological dynamics driven by evolution might feed back to affect the evolutionary trajectory of individual species...
July 16, 2023: Current Biology: CB
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37434502/surface-texture-heterogeneity-in-maculated-bird-eggshells
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marie R G Attard, James Bowen, Steven J Portugal
Many of the world's 10 000 bird species lay coloured or patterned eggs. The large diversity of eggshell patterning among birds, achieved through pigment, has been attributed to a few selective agents such as crypsis, thermoregulation, egg recognition, mate signalling, egg strength and protecting the embryo from UV. Pigmentation may influence the texture of eggshells, which in turn may be important for dealing with water and microbes. We measured surface roughness ( S a , nm), surface skewness ( S sk ) and surface kurtosis ( S ku ), which describe different aspects of surface texture, across 204 bird species with maculated (patterned) eggs and 166 species with immaculate (non-patterned) eggs...
July 2023: Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37404701/distance-from-human-settlements-favors-wild-type-appearance-of-feral-cats-felis-catus-in-mediterranean-woodland
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shahar Dubiner, Itai Namir, Ron Chen, Eran Levin
Camouflage is a common trait enabling animals to avoid detection by predators and prey. Patterns such as spots and stripes are convergent across carnivore families, including felids, and are hypothesized to have adaptive value through camouflage. House cats ( Felis catus ) were domesticated thousands of years ago, but despite artificial selection for a wide variety of coat colors, the wild-type pattern of tabby cats is very common. We aimed to determine whether this pattern grants an advantage over other morphs in natural environments...
July 2023: Ecology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37357867/pattern-variation-is-linked-to-anti-predator-coloration-in-butterfly-larvae
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Callum F McLellan, Innes C Cuthill, Stephen H Montgomery
Prey animals typically try to avoid being detected and/or advertise to would-be predators that they should be avoided. Both anti-predator strategies primarily rely on colour to succeed, but the specific patterning used is also important. While the role of patterning in camouflage is relatively clear, the design features of aposematic patterns are less well understood. Here, we use a comparative approach to investigate how pattern use varies across a phylogeny of 268 species of cryptic and aposematic butterfly larvae, which also vary in social behaviour...
June 28, 2023: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37343910/evaluating-the-interactive-effects-of-artificial-light-at-night-and-background-color-on-tadpole-crypsis-background-adaptation-efficacy-and-growth
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kelsey Horn, Grascen Shidemantle, Isabela Velasquez, Emily Ronan, Jurnee Blackwood, Beth A Reinke, Jessica Hua
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a global pollutant of rising concern. While alterations to natural day-night cycles caused by ALAN can affect a variety of traits, the broader fitness and ecological implications of these ALAN-induced shifts remain unclear. This study evaluated the interactive effects of ALAN and background color on traits that have important implications for predator-prey interactions and fitness: crypsis, background adaptation efficacy, and growth. Using three amphibian species as our models, we discovered that: (1) Exposure to ALAN reduced the ability for some species to match their backgrounds (background adaptation efficacy), (2) Crypsis and background adaptation efficacy were enhanced when tadpoles were exposed to dark backgrounds only, emphasizing the importance of environmental context when evaluating the effects of ALAN, (3) ALAN and background color have a combined effect on a common metric of fitness (growth), and (4) Effects of ALAN were not generalizable across amphibian species, supporting calls for more studies that utilize a diversity of species...
June 19, 2023: Environmental Pollution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37282538/how-to-generate-and-test-hypotheses-about-colour-insights-from-half-a-century-of-guppy-research
#28
REVIEW
Darrell J Kemp, David N Reznick, Jeffrey Arendt, Cedric van den Berg, John A Endler
Coloration facilitates evolutionary investigations in nature because the interaction between genotype, phenotype and environment is relatively accessible. In a landmark set of studies, Endler addressed this complexity by demonstrating that the evolution of male Trinidadian guppy coloration is shaped by the local balance between selection for mate attractiveness versus crypsis. This became a textbook paradigm for how antagonistic selective pressures may determine evolutionary trajectories in nature. However, recent studies have challenged the generality of this paradigm...
June 14, 2023: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37192921/varying-benefits-of-generalist-and-specialist-camouflage-in-two-versus-four-background-environments
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna E Hughes, Emmanuelle S Briolat, Lina María Arenas, Eric Liggins, Martin Stevens
Background-matching camouflage is a well-established strategy to reduce detection, but implementing this on heterogeneous backgrounds is challenging. For prey with fixed color patterns, solutions include specializing on a particular visual microhabitat, or adopting a compromise or generalist appearance, matching multiple backgrounds less well. Existing studies suggest both approaches can succeed, but most consider relatively simple scenarios, where artificial prey appear against two backgrounds differing in a single visual characteristic...
2023: Behavioral Ecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37116058/habitat-openness-and-predator-abundance-determine-predation-risk-of-warningly-colored-longhorn-beetles-cerambycidae-in-temperate-forest
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anika Goßmann, Lucie Ambrožová, Lukas Cizek, Lukas Drag, Kostadin Georgiev, Liane Neudam, Michal Perlík, Dominik Seidel, Simon Thorn
Organisms have evolved different defense mechanisms, such as crypsis and mimicry, to avoid detection and recognition by predators. A prominent example is Batesian mimicry, where palatable species mimic unpalatable or toxic ones, such as Clytini (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) that mimic wasps. However, scientific evidence for the effectiveness of Batesian mimicry in Cerambycids in natural habitats is scarce. We investigated predation of warningly and nonwarningly colored Cerambycids by birds in a temperate forest using beetle dummies...
March 1, 2023: Journal of Insect Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37098166/consilience-across-multiple-independent-genomic-data-sets-reveals-species-in-a-complex-with-limited-phenotypic-variation
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lara M Wootton, Félix Forest, G Anthony Verboom
Species delimitation in the genomic era has focused predominantly on the application of multiple analytical methodologies to a single massive parallel sequencing (MPS) data set, rather than leveraging the unique but complementary insights provided by different classes of MPS data. In this study we demonstrate how the use of two independent MPS data sets, a sequence capture data set and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data set generated via genotyping-by-sequencing, enables the resolution of species in three complexes belonging to the grass genus Ehrharta, whose strong population structure and subtle morphological variation limit the effectiveness of traditional species delimitation approaches...
April 25, 2023: Systematic Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37015272/does-coat-colour-influence-survival-a-test-in-a-cyclic-population-of-snowshoe-hares
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madan K Oli, Alice J Kenney, Rudy Boonstra, Stan Boutin, Dennis L Murray, Michael J L Peers, B Scott Gilbert, Thomas S Jung, Vratika Chaudhary, James E Hines, Charles J Krebs
Some mammal species inhabiting high-latitude biomes have evolved a seasonal moulting pattern that improves camouflage via white coats in winter and brown coats in summer. In many high-latitude and high-altitude areas, the duration and depth of snow cover has been substantially reduced in the last five decades. This reduction in depth and duration of snow cover may create a mismatch between coat colour and colour of the background environment, and potentially reduce the survival rate of species that depend on crypsis...
April 12, 2023: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36975919/butterfly-wing-translucence-enables-enhanced-visual-signaling
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Doekele G Stavenga, Heinrich L Leertouwer, Kentaro Arikawa
The light reflected by the dorsal side of butterfly wings often functions as a signal for, e.g., mate choice, thermoregulation, and/or predator deterrence, while the ventral wing reflections are generally used for crypsis and camouflage. Here, we propose that transmitted light can also have an important role in visual signaling because, in many butterfly species, the dorsal and ventral wing sides are similarly patterned and locally more or less translucent. Extreme examples are the Japanese yellow swallowtail ( Papilio xuthus Linnaeus, 1758) and the Yellow glassy tiger ( Parantica aspasia Fabricius, 1787)...
February 26, 2023: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36969601/cuttlefish-color-change-as-an-emerging-proxy-for-ecotoxicology
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anaïd Gouveneaux, Antoine Minet, Christelle Jozet-Alves, Thomas Knigge, Paco Bustamante, Thomas Lacoue-Labarthe, Cécile Bellanger
Lately, behavioral ecotoxicology has flourished because of increasing standardization of analyses of endpoints like movement. However, research tends to focus on a few model species, which limits possibilities of extrapolating and predicting toxicological effects and adverse outcomes at the population and ecosystem level. In this regard, it is recommended to assess critical species-specific behavioral responses in taxa playing key roles in trophic food webs, such as cephalopods. These latter, known as masters of camouflage, display rapid physiological color changes to conceal themselves and adapt to their surrounding environments...
2023: Frontiers in Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36835771/the-plastic-larval-body-color-of-the-pale-grass-blue-butterfly-zizeeria-maha-lepidoptera-lycaenidae-in-response-to-the-host-plant-color-the-maternal-effect-on-crypsis
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ai Yoshida, Shintaro Yabu, Joji M Otaki
Many lepidopteran larvae show body color polyphenism, and their colors may be cryptic on the host plant leaves. To elucidate the effect of the host plant color on the plastic larval body color, we focused on the lycaenid butterfly Zizeeria maha , which shows various larval body colors ranging from green to red, even within a sibling group. We showed that oviposition was normally performed on both green and red leaves, despite a green preference and the fact that the larvae grew equally by consuming either green or red leaves...
February 17, 2023: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36793692/shell-color-polymorphism-in-marine-gastropods
#36
REVIEW
Juan Gefaell, Juan Galindo, Emilio Rolán-Alvarez
Marine gastropods are characterized by an incredible variation in shell color. In this review, we aim to introduce researchers to previous studies of shell color polymorphism in this group of animals, trying to provide an overview of the topic and highlighting some potential avenues for future research. For this, we tackle the different aspects of shell color polymorphism in marine gastropods: its biochemical and genetic basis, its patterns of spatial and temporal distribution, as well as its potential evolutionary causes...
February 2023: Evolutionary Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36737844/comparative-and-experimental-studies-on-the-relationship-between-body-size-and-countershading-in-caterpillars
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yerin Hwang, Sohee Yoo, Chohee Park, Changku Kang
Countershading is a gradient of colouration in which the illuminated dorsal surfaces are darker than the unilluminated ventral surface. It is widespread in the animal kingdom and endows the body with a more uniform colour to decrease the chance of detection by predators. Although recent empirical studies support the theory of survival advantage conferred by countershading, this camouflage strategy has evolved only in some of the cryptic animals, and our understanding of the factors that affect the evolution of countershading is limited...
February 3, 2023: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36724466/plumage-balances-camouflage-and-thermoregulation-in-horned-larks-eremophila-alpestris
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicholas A Mason, Eric A Riddell, Faye G Romero, Carla Cicero, Rauri C K Bowie
AbstractAnimal coloration serves many biological functions and must therefore balance potentially competing selective pressures. For example, many animals have camouflage in which coloration matches the visual background that predators scan for prey. However, different colors reflect different amounts of solar radiation and may therefore have thermoregulatory implications as well. In this study, we examined geographic variation in dorsal patterning, coloration, and solar reflectance among horned larks ( Eremophila alpestris ) of the western United States...
February 2023: American Naturalist
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36626813/-crossing-the-valley-of-non-intimidating-conspicuousness-evolution-of-warning-coloration-through-the-lens-of-fitness-landscapes
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akiva Topper, Oren Kolodny
The initial evolution of conspicuous aposematism is a longstanding evolutionary paradox: while the benefits of conspicuousness in aposematic signals have been demonstrated, they rely on predators being familiar with the conspicuous signals and avoiding them. In a system dominated by naïve predators, the appearance of conspicuousness would be expected to increase detection and attack rate by the predators. Hence, it is unclear how such signals could become established in a naïve community. We suggest that this problem may usefully be framed in the terms of fitness landscapes, an idea used for conceptualizing the mapping between genotype/phenotype and fitness...
December 16, 2022: Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36514842/size-dependent-colouration-balances-conspicuous-aposematism-and-camouflage
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
James B Barnett, Justin Yeager, Brendan L McEwen, Isaac Kinley, Hannah M Anderson, Jennifer Guevara
Colour is an important component of many different defensive strategies, but signal efficacy and detectability will also depend on the size of the coloured structures, and how pattern size interacts with the background. Consequently, size-dependent changes in colouration are common among many different species as juveniles and adults frequently use colour for different purposes in different environmental contexts. A widespread strategy in many species is switching from crypsis to conspicuous aposematic signalling as increasing body size can reduce the efficacy of camouflage, while other antipredator defences may strengthen...
December 13, 2022: Journal of Evolutionary Biology
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