David W Kikuchi, William L Allen, Kevin Arbuckle, Thomas G Aubier, Emmanuelle S Briolat, Emily R Burdfield-Steel, Karen L Cheney, Klára Daňková, Marianne Elias, Liisa Hämäläinen, Marie E Herberstein, Thomas J Hossie, Mathieu Joron, Krushnamegh Kunte, Brian C Leavell, Carita Lindstedt, Ugo Lorioux-Chevalier, Melanie McClure, Callum F McLellan, Iliana Medina, Viraj Nawge, Erika Páez, Arka Pal, Stano Pekár, Olivier Penacchio, Jan Raška, Tom Reader, Bibiana Rojas, Katja H Rönkä, Daniela C Rößler, Candy Rowe, Hannah M Rowland, Arlety Roy, Kaitlin A Schaal, Thomas N Sherratt, John Skelhorn, Hannah R Smart, Ted Stankowich, Amanda M Stefan, Kyle Summers, Christopher H Taylor, Rose Thorogood, Kate Umbers, Anne E Winters, Justin Yeager, Alice Exnerová
Prey seldom rely on a single type of antipredator defence, often using multiple defences to avoid predation. In many cases, selection in different contexts may favour the evolution of multiple defences in a prey. However, a prey may use multiple defences to protect itself during a single predator encounter. Such "defence portfolios" that defend prey against a single instance of predation are distributed across and within successive stages of the predation sequence (encounter, detection, identification, approach (attack), subjugation and consumption)...
June 26, 2023: Journal of Evolutionary Biology