family practice obstetrics

AIM: This cross-sectional study evaluated vaginal health and hygiene practices among reproductive and perimenopausal women in Japan using an online-based questionnaire. METHODS: The questionnaire included 11 well-structured questions concerning vulvovaginal symptoms and hygiene care practices. Participants' responses were anonymized and analyzed descriptively. The relationships of age, family income, occupation, and childbearing with women's concerns regarding vaginal or vulvar problems were analyzed by chi-square tests...

BACKGROUND: The 2020 American Cancer Society (ACS) guidelines are the most recent national guidelines for cervical cancer screening. These guidelines propose two major changes from current practice: initiating screening at age 25 years and using primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. Adoption of guidelines often occurs slowly, and therefore understanding clinician attitudes is important to facilitate practice change. METHODS: Interviews with a national sample of clinicians who perform cervical cancer screening in a variety of settings explored attitudes toward the two major changes from the 2020 ACS cervical cancer screening guidelines...

Authors have expressed reservations regarding the use of base deficit on umbilical artery blood samples to assess fetal well-being during the course of labor and predict neonatal neurological morbidity. Despite its integration into clinical practice for over fifty years, obstetricians and maternal fetal medicine specialists may not realize that this marker has significant limitations in accurately assess identifying neonatal metabolic acidosis as a proxy of fetal well-being. In brief, there are two large family of base deficit: whole blood and extracellular fluid...

The aim of our article is to discuss barriers associated with post-pregnancy contraception in Brazil during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. Socioeconomic differences in gaining access to long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods became greater during the COVID-19 pandemic. The inadequate distribution of existing resources and the reduced capacity for elective care meant that healthcare providers in family planning had to be reallocated to respond to COVID-19 emergencies. In Brazil, 74% of the population depends on the national health service (Sistema Unico de Saúde) including for the provision of free contraception...

OBJECTIVE: To assess knowledge, attitude and practice of physicians regarding familial hypercholesterolaemia. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted from October to December 2022 in Aljouf, Tabouk, Hail and northern border regions of Saudi Arabia after approval from the ethics review committee of Qurayyat Health Affairs. Those included were physicians specialising in familial hypercholesterolaemia and having experience in family medicine, endocrinology, paediatrics, cardiology, internal medicine and obstetrics and gynaecology...

Reed's syndrome (RS) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder characterised by multiple cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, with a strong tendency for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) development. A woman in her 50s, who had previously undergone total abdominal hysterectomy due to multiple uterine leiomyomas, presented with painful nodules on her trunk and right arm for the past 6 years. These nodules were confirmed as leiomyomas through histopathology. Diagnosis of RS was established through clinicopathological correlation and positive family history, particularly her mother's...

Postpartum Family Planning is a critical strategy in the first 12 months post-childbirth. It aims to prevent unintended, closely spaced pregnancies and thereby help reducing maternal, neonatal as well as child morbidity and mortality. Despite its significance, many women remain without contraception despite a desire to avoid pregnancy. The World Health Organization suggests a 24-month inter-pregnancy interval after delivery, emphasizing the importance of contraceptive counselling from the antenatal to the immediate postpartum period...

BACKGROUND: Congenital diseases are still an important medical, social, and economic problem all over the world. In North Cyprus, in addition to other reasons, early prenatal diagnostic measures are undertaken to prevent births with thalassemia major, a locally widespread genetic disease. AIM: This study aims to evaluate the results of prenatal invasive diagnostic tests performed in a private obstetrics clinic in Northern Cyprus and show the diagnosis process of thalassemia and chromosomal anomalies...

The phenomenon of carrying and birthing an infant with a (dis)ability is complex and emotionally driven for parents. Infants with (dis)abilities are at risk for long-term health and developmental challenges, which may cause fear and stress in families. Parents report dissatisfaction with their experience of learning of their infant's (dis)ability diagnosis. After unexpected news is given to expecting or new parents prenatally or postnatally, it is the nurse who is often left with parents during an extremely emotional and vulnerable time...

IMPORTANCE: The rate of maternal mortality in the United States is 2-fold to 3-fold greater than that in other high-income countries. While many national initiatives have been developed to combat maternal mortality, these efforts often fail to include mental illness. OBJECTIVE: To highlight the underrecognized contribution of mental illness to maternal mortality, which is nearly double that of postpartum hemorrhage. EVIDENCE REVIEW: A topic outline was developed to include challenges in measuring perinatal mental conditions and mortality rates; contributions of social determinants of health to mental conditions and mortality; perinatal psychiatric disorder characterization; mechanisms by which maternal mental illness increases mortality, specifically, suicide and addictive disorders; access limitations and care "deserts"; prenatal stress and its impact on reproductive outcomes; increasing clinician expertise through cross-disciplinary education; intervention sites and models; and asserting that mental health is fundamental to maternal health...

BACKGROUND: A significant concern for Bangladesh is the high prevalence of adolescent pregnancy and the associated negative consequences for mother and baby, including a teen-related increased risk of preterm birth (PTB). Bangladesh also has one of the highest incidences of PTB (19%). Despite these high numbers of adolescent pregnancies and PTB, little is reported about the experiences of adolescent mothers in caring for their preterm babies, and the interventions needed to support them...

This is the case of a gravida 3 para 1 woman in her late 20s with underlying haemoglobin constant spring who visited a healthcare clinic for an antenatal check-up. Towards the end of her second trimester, she experienced lethargy. During her antenatal booking, she was diagnosed with mild asymptomatic anaemia, high serum ferritin, T saturation of 88% and abnormal liver function tests. She was referred to a hospital where an MRI scan revealed over 2 g of iron deposits in her liver, leading to a revised diagnosis of iron overload...

PURPOSE: Oral health (OH) has significant effects on pregnancy and infant outcomes. This study assesses the perspectives of obstetrical clinicians about OH education and promotion. METHODS: A fifteen-item survey was developed and circulated to obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) and family medicine (FM) physicians, and other prenatal health clinicians in Massachusetts (MA). Additionally, eight physicians were purposively sampled for in-depth interviews to discuss their experience with prenatal OH training and practice...

BACKGROUND: Globally, the burden of maternal malnutrition remains an enormous public health problem; malnourished pregnant women are at increased risk of having low-birth-weight (LBW) infants. Several reports suggest a possible association between malnutrition among lactating mothers and the production of smaller quantities of breast milk. Many women have incorrect nutrition knowledge during pregnancy due to false beliefs derived from popular practices. Our study was conducted to assess nutritional knowledge, myths, and practices among Egyptian women during pregnancy and lactation...

BACKGROUND: In the COVID-19 pandemic age, vaccination hesitancy also known as vaccine refusal is a cause for worry since it hinges on the five Cs of confidence, complacency, convenience, calculation, and shared responsibility. The current study was to pinpoint the elements that contribute to breastfeeding women's hesitation to receive the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tertiary Care Hospital, Ranchi, Jharkhand...

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Antepartum hemorrhage (APH) is one of the deadliest complications in obstetrics. It can complicate about 2-5% of pregnancies. It contributes significantly to maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity during pregnancy and childbearing worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine maternal and fetal outcomes in patients presenting with APH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study. Pregnant women with >28 weeks gestation reporting to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from May 2021 to April 2022 were included in the study...

CONTEXT: Associations between adverse maternal complications and fetal outcomes are known entity in thyroid disorders during pregnancy. Thus, prompt identification of thyroid disorders and timely initiation of treatment is essential. Universal screening and early treatment of pregnant women for thyroid disorder should be considered especially in a resource-limited country like India with a high prevalence of undiagnosed thyroid disorders and adverse feto-maternal outcomes. AIMS: Early treatment will prevent feto-maternal complications in thyroid disorders in pregnant females visiting outpatient department in tertiary care hospital in rural settings...

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PRAKI) is acute kidney injury (AKI) occurring during pregnancy, labor, and postpartum period. AKI is defined as suddenly impaired kidney function with the retention of nitrogenous and other waste products. In high population country like India, not all deliveries are done tertiary care. Even not all are registered one if delivery is conducted at a hospital setup. The majority of patients are being managed by available obstetrician at local places...

Botswana has a policy of contraception for all that is delivered through a rights-based family planning program. The program combines a "rights-based family planning approach" with "supportive policies for contraception," and "a commitment to promote equitable access to modern contraception, and expand availability, method mix and uptake of modern contraceptive methods for all women and girls." However, abortion is legally restricted up to 16 weeks of pregnancy provided that provisions of Section 160-162 of the Botswana Penal Code Amendment Act 1991 are met, and that the termination of pregnancy is carried out by a registered medical practitioner in a health facility approved for the purpose...

BACKGROUND: Obstetric anal sphincter injury is the most common cause of anal incontinence (AI) for women, which often has profound impacts on women's lives. GPs offer a first line of contact for many, but we know that very few women experiencing AI postnatally report discussing it with their GPs. DESIGN AND SETTING: Qualitative study investigating women's experiences with their GP and GPs' perspectives about providing such care. AIM: The study aims to identify key ways GPs can support women with AI due to childbirth injuries...