Review of natriuretic peptides

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease and powerful predictor for new-onset heart failure (HF). AREAS COVERED: We focus on the relevant literature covering evidence of risk stratification based on imaging predictors and circulating biomarkers to optimize approaches to preventing HF in DM patients. EXPERT OPINION: Multiple diagnostic algorithms based on echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodeling including global longitudinal strain/strain rate are likely to be promising approach to justify individuals at higher risk of incident HF...

Travel to space has overcome unprecedent technological challenges and this has resulted in transfer of these technological results on Earth to better our lives. Health technology, medical devices, and research advancements in human biology are the first beneficiaries of this transfer. The real breakthrough came with the International Space Station, which endorsed multidisciplinary international scientific collaborations and boosted the research on pathophysiological adaptation of astronauts to life on space...

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) refers to a clinical condition in which the signs of HF, such as pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema and increased natriuretic-peptide levels, are present despite normal ejection-fractions and the absence of other causes (e.g. pericardial disease). The ejection-fraction cutoff for the definition of HFpEF has varied in the past, but recent society guidelines have settled on a consensus of 50%. HFpEF is particularly common in the elderly. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the available literature regarding HFpEF in the elderly in terms of evidence for the age-dependence, specific clinical features and underlying mechanisms...

N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a non-active prohormone secreted by ventricular cardiomyocytes into the circulation in response to ventricle overload, mainly due to increased blood volume. The changes in NT-proBNP levels during pregnancy have been investigated in multiple studies. In the case of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, increased vasoconstriction leads to increased blood pressure and afterload. Together with the volume overload of pregnancy, it leads to higher NT-proBNP secretion...

AIMS: To systematically evaluate the comprehensive effect of combining Naoxintong capsule (NXT) with Western medicine (WM) on coronary heart disease post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of NXT for patients with CHD after PCI were systematically searched across multiple databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wan Fang, from inception until 31 January 2023...

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) injection, when combined with conventional treatment (CT), for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Comprehensive searches were conducted in seven databases from inception until 28 September 2023. The search aimed to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on PNS injection in the context of AMI. This meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and its protocol was registered with PROSPERO (number: CRD42023480131)...

INTRODUCTION: Carcinoid heart disease (CHD), a complication of carcinoid syndrome (CS), is a rare condition that can lead to right sided valvular heart disease and has been traditionally associated with a poor prognosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the accuracy of biomarkers and echocardiography in diagnosing CHD amongst patients who are already known to have neuroendocrine tumours and to assess whether surgical management of CHD leads to a reduction in mortality...

Limited data regarding elevation of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in mobilized donors with G-CSF is available. We extended these findings by examining serum NT-proBNP in a cohort study including 35 healthy donors and 69 patients who received G-CSF for CD34+ mobilization as well as 54 patients who did not receive G-CSF but who underwent collection of CD3+ cells for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell manufacturing. No donor in the three cohorts experienced significant cardiac adverse events...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), especially chronic heart failure, threaten many patients' lives worldwide. Because of its slow course and complex causes, its clinical screening, diagnosis, and prognosis are essential challenges. Clinical biomarkers and biosensor technologies can rapidly screen and diagnose. Multiple types of biomarkers are employed for screening purposes, precise diagnosis, and treatment follow-up. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the biomarkers associated with the six main heart failure etiology pathways...

BACKGROUND: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a form of acute kidney injury (AKI) occurring in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, such as coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Although the conventional criterion for CIN detection involves a rise in creatinine levels within 72 h after contrast media injection, several limitations exist in this definition. Up to now, various meta-analyses have been undertaken to assess the accuracy of different biomarkers of CIN prediction...

BACKGROUND: Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) often have a long duration of illness, difficulty in attending follow-up visits, and poor adherence to treatment. As a result, they frequently cannot receive guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) at the desired or maximum tolerable drug dosage. This leads to high hospitalisation and mortality rates for HF patients. Therefore, effective management and monitoring of patients with HF to ensure they receive GDMT is crucial for improving the prognosis...

Background and Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in the Vilnius Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) Referral Centre and to provide a comparative analysis with other centres. Materials and Methods : This study included all BPA procedures performed between 2019 and 2024 in a single tertiary centre. Invasive haemodynamic parameters and clinical variables were assessed at baseline; at the end of invasive treatment; and at the conclusion of follow-up, an average of 8...

Heart failure (HF) represents a significant global health challenge, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates, and imposes considerable burdens on healthcare systems and patient quality of life. Traditional management strategies, primarily relying on clinical assessments and standard biomarkers like natriuretic peptides, face limitations due to the heterogeneity of HF. This review aims to delve into the evolving landscape of non-natriuretic biomarkers and the transformative potential of omics technologies, underscoring their roles in advancing HF treatment towards precision medicine...

The prevention and treatment strategies for heart failure (HF) have evolved in the past two decades. The stages of HF have been redefined, with recognition of the pre-HF state, which encompasses asymptomatic patients who have developed either structural or functional cardiac abnormalities or have elevated plasma levels of natriuretic peptides or cardiac troponin. The first-line treatment of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction includes foundational therapies with angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and diuretics...

We conducted an Umbrella review of eligible studies to evaluate what patient features have been investigated in the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) population, in order to guide future investigations. We comprehensively searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from December 1, 2019 to the May 6, 2022. The time period was limited to cover the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic period. The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO registry (CRD42022340228)...

AIMS: To conduct an updated systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) with regard to cardiac function and structure in people with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a systematic search using the PubMed, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov online databases. The primary outcome of interest was changes in mitral inflow E-velocity to tissue Doppler e' velocity (E/e') ratio...

Natriuretic peptides (NP) play an essential role in heart failure (HF) regulation, and their measurement has improved diagnostic and prognostic accuracy. Clinical symptoms and objective measurements, such as NP levels, should be included in the HF definition to render it more reliable and consistent among observers, hospitals, and healthcare systems. BNP and NT-proBNP are reasonable surrogates for cardiac disease, and their measurement is critical to early diagnosis and risk stratification of HF patients. NPs should be measured in all patients presenting with dyspnea or other symptoms suggestive of HF to facilitate early diagnosis and risk stratification...

Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality and imposes a significant financial burden on healthcare systems globally. Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI), a novel neuroendocrine inhibitor, is frequently used in treating HF. However, there is still limited understanding regarding how it compares to other neuroendocrine inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEis) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The purpose of this research is to present the most recent data regarding the efficacy and renal impact of ARNIs in the treatment of HF in comparison to ACE inhibitors and ARBs...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Pleural effusions (PEs) are commonly seen in various pathologies and have a significant impact on patient health and quality of life. Unlike for malignant PEs, non-malignant PEs (NMPEs) do not have well-established guidelines. Much of the evidence base in this field is from a handful of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and the majority are from retrospective cohort analyses and cases series. Cardiac related PEs fall within the entity of NMPEs and the aim of this narrative review is to gather the existing evidence in the field of congestive heart failure (CHF), pericarditis and post-cardiac injury syndrome (PCIS)...

Obesity condition causes morphological and functional alterations involving the cardiovascular system. These can represent the substrates for different cardiovascular diseases, such as atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, sudden cardiac death, and heart failure (HF) with both preserved ejection fraction (EF) and reduced EF. Different pathogenetic mechanisms may help to explain the association between obesity and HF including left ventricular remodelling and epicardial fat accumulation, endothelial dysfunction, and coronary microvascular dysfunction...