keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38365841/synaptotagmin-7-counteracts-short-term-depression-during-phasic-dopamine-release
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joseph J Lebowitz, Sarah A Kissiwaa, Kim A Engeln, Anna M Bowman, John T Williams, Skyler L Jackman
Dopamine neurons switch from tonic pacemaker activity to high-frequency bursts in response to salient stimuli. These bursts lead to superlinear increases in dopamine release, and the degree of this increase is highly dependent on firing frequency. The superlinearity and frequency-dependence of dopamine release implicates short-term plasticity processes. The presynaptic Ca2+ -sensor synaptotagmin-7 (SYT7) has suitable properties to mediate such short-term plasticity and has been implicated in regulating dopamine release from somatodendritic compartments ...
February 16, 2024: ENeuro
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38347222/large-scale-functional-network-connectivity-mediates-the-association-between-nigral-neuromelanin-hypopigmentation-and-motor-impairment-in-parkinson-s-disease
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Su Yan, Jun Lu, Yuanhao Li, Hongquan Zhu, Tian Tian, Yuanyuan Qin, Wenzhen Zhu
Neuromelanin hypopigmentation within substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) reflects the loss of pigmented neurons, which in turn contributes to the dysfunction of the nigrostriatal and striato-cortical pathways in Parkinson's disease (PD). Our study aims to investigate the relationships between SN degeneration manifested by neuromelanin reduction, functional connectivity (FC) among large-scale brain networks, and motor impairment in PD. This study included 68 idiopathic PD patients and 32 age-, sex- and education level-matched healthy controls who underwent neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional MRI, and motor assessments...
February 12, 2024: Brain Structure & Function
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38332437/taste-aversion-learning-during-successive-negative-contrast
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert A Boakes, Connie Badolato, Simone Rehn
Previous experiments found that acceptance of saccharin by rats was reduced if they had prior experience of sucrose or some other highly palatable solution. This study tested whether such successive negative contrast (SNC) effects involve acquisition of an aversion to the new taste. In three experiments, rats were switched from sucrose exposure in Stage 1 to a less palatable solution containing a new taste in Stage 2. In Experiments 1 and 2, a novel flavor was added to a saccharin solution at the start of Stage 2...
February 8, 2024: Learning & Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38315558/achieving-highly-efficient-2d-snc-monolayer-based-photocatalyst-for-water-splitting-via-a-synergistic-strategy-of-s-scheme-heterostructure-construction-and-silicon-doping
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dinghua Yang, Xi Zhang, Ya Nie, Hongyu Zhu, Gang Xiang
Owing to its stable graphene-like honeycomb structure, suitable band gap, and nontoxicity, SnC monolayer (ML) has attracted increasing attention in photocatalytic applications. One pertinent obstacle inherent to SnC ML-based photocatalysts has been the high energy barrier in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that always requires external energy input and/or strongly acidic conditions. Herein, we propose a two-dimensional (2D) SnC/ZrS2 van der Waals heterostructure (vdWHS) for highly efficient photocatalytic water splitting using first-principles calculations...
February 5, 2024: Nanoscale
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38313916/a-study-of-sensory-nerve-conduction-in-pre-and-post-immunoglobulin-treatment-of-guillain-barr%C3%A3-syndrome
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Prashanth A, Vinod Shende, Sachin Pawar
BACKGROUND: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a condition characterized by acute and progressive weakness that impacts the limbs, facial muscles, and bulbar muscles due to acute polyneuro-radiculopathy. Typically, an infection that results in immune-mediated nerve dysfunction is what starts the disease. Patients often encounter paresthesia or discomfort before progressing to muscle weakness, initially in the lower extremities (which may include some proximal components) and subsequently in the upper extremities...
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38296489/neuroprotective-effect-of-gallic-acid-in-mice-with-rotenone-induced-neurodegeneration
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wachiryah Thong-Asa, Chatrung Wassana, Kunyarat Sukkasem, Pichcha Innoi, Montira Dechakul, Pattraporn Timda
We investigated the effect of gallic acid against neurodegenerative pathophysiology relevant to PD in mice with rotenone-induced toxicity. Forty male ICR mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham-veh, PD-veh (received subcutaneous injection with 2.5 mg/kg/48 h of rotenone); PD-Gal50; and PD-Gal100 (the latter two groups received subcutaneous injection with 2.5 mg/kg/48 h of rotenone and oral gavage with gallic acid 50 and 100 mg/kg/48 h, respectively). All treatments continued for 5 weeks with motor ability assessments once per week using hanging and rotarod tests...
February 1, 2024: Experimental Animals
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38284850/sleep-fragmentation-reduces-explorative-behaviors-and-impairs-motor-coordination-in-male-mice
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanyu Xiong, Jian Zhu, Yifan He, Weimin Qu, Zhili Huang, Fengfei Ding
Sleep fragmentation (SF), which refers to discontinuous and fragmented sleep, induces cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behavior in mice. However, whether SF can affect motor capability in healthy young wild-type mice and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We performed seven days of sleep fragmentation (SF 7d) interventions in young wild-type male mice. While SF mice experienced regular sleep disruption between Zeitgeber time (ZT) 0-12, control mice were allowed to have natural sleep (NS) cycles...
January 2024: Journal of Neuroscience Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38272967/the-cerebellum-directly-modulates-the-substantia-nigra-dopaminergic-activity
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samantha Washburn, Maritza Oñate, Junichi Yoshida, Jorge Vera, Ramakrishnan Bhuvanasundaram, Leila Khatami, Farzan Nadim, Kamran Khodakhah
Evidence of direct reciprocal connections between the cerebellum and basal ganglia has challenged the long-held notion that these structures function independently. While anatomical studies have suggested the presence of cerebellar projections to the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), the nature and function of these connections (Cb-SNc) is unknown. Here we show, in mice, that Cb-SNc projections form monosynaptic glutamatergic synapses with dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons in the SNc. Optogenetic activation of Cb-SNc axons in the SNc is associated with increased SNc activity, elevated striatal dopamine levels and increased locomotion...
January 25, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38242300/dopamine-across-timescales-and-cell-types-relevance-for-phenotypes-in-parkinson-s-disease-progression
#29
REVIEW
Jillian L Seiler, Xiaowen Zhuang, Alexandra B Nelson, Talia N Lerner
Dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) synthesize and release dopamine, a critical neurotransmitter for movement and learning. SNc dopamine neurons degenerate in Parkinson's Disease (PD), causing a host of motor and non-motor symptoms. Here, we review recent conceptual advances in our basic understanding of the dopamine system - including our rapidly advancing knowledge of dopamine neuron heterogeneity - with special attention to their importance for understanding PD. In PD patients, dopamine neuron degeneration progresses from lateral SNc to medial SNc, suggesting clinically relevant heterogeneity in dopamine neurons...
January 17, 2024: Experimental Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38237533/alterations-in-hippocampus-centered-morphological-features-and-function-of-the-progression-from-normal-cognition-to-mild-cognitive-impairment
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiuxiu Wang, Lixin Peng, Shiqi Zhan, Xiaolong Yin, Li Huang, Jiayang Huang, Junchao Yang, Yusi Zhang, Yi Zeng, Shengxiang Liang
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a significant precursor to dementia, highlighting the critical need for early identification of individuals at high risk of MCI to prevent cognitive decline. The study aimed to investigate the changes in brain structure and function before the onset of MCI. This study enrolled 19 older adults with progressive normal cognition (pNC) to MCI and 19 older adults with stable normal cognition (sNC). The gray matter (GM) volume and functional connectivity (FC) were estimated via magnetic resonance imaging during their normal cognition state 3 years prior...
January 10, 2024: Asian Journal of Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38233998/brain-state-dependent-responses-of-midbrain-dopaminergic-neurons-to-footshock-under-urethane-anaesthesia
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gabriela Izowit, Magdalena Walczak, Gniewosz Drwięga, Wojciech Solecki, Tomasz Błasiak
For a long time, it has been assumed that dopaminergic (DA) neurons in both the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) uniformly respond to rewarding and aversive stimuli by either increasing or decreasing their activity, respectively. This response was believed to signal information about the perceived stimuli's values. The identification of VTA&SNc DA neurons that are excited by both rewarding and aversive stimuli has led to the categorisation of VTA&SNc DA neurons into two subpopulations: one signalling the value and the other signalling the salience of the stimuli...
January 17, 2024: European Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38231908/polyaniline-as-a-nitrogen-source-and-lignosulfonate-as-a-sulphur-source-for-the-preparation-of-the-porous-carbon-adsorption-of-dyes-and-heavy-metal-ions
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenjuan Wu, Penghui Li, Wanting Su, Zifei Yan, Xinyan Wang, Siyu Xu, Yumeng Wei, Caiwen Wu
Using agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials, adsorbent materials were prepared for dye adsorption in wastewater, which can minimize the environmental load and fully realize sustainability by treating waste with waste. Taking lignosulfonate as a raw material, due to its molecular structure having more reactive groups, it is easy to form composite materials via a chemical oxidation reaction with an aniline monomer. After that, using a sodium lignosulfonate/polyaniline composite as the precursor, the activated high-temperature pyrolysis process is used to prepare porous carbon materials with controllable morphology, structure, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen content, which opens up a new way for the preparation of functional carbon materials...
November 24, 2023: Polymers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38227269/enhancing-green-ammonia-electrosynthesis-through-tuning-sn-vacancies-in-sn-based-mxene-max-hybrids
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinyu Dai, Zhen-Yi Du, Ying Sun, Ping Chen, Xiaoguang Duan, Junjun Zhang, Hui Li, Yang Fu, Baohua Jia, Lei Zhang, Wenhui Fang, Jieshan Qiu, Tianyi Ma
Renewable energy driven N2 electroreduction with air as nitrogen source holds great promise for realizing scalable green ammonia production. However, relevant out-lab research is still in its infancy. Herein, a novel Sn-based MXene/MAX hybrid with abundant Sn vacancies, Sn@Ti2 CTX /Ti2 SnC-V, was synthesized by controlled etching Sn@Ti2 SnC MAX phase and demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic N2 reduction. Due to the synergistic effect of MXene/MAX heterostructure, the existence of Sn vacancies and the highly dispersed Sn active sites, the obtained Sn@Ti2 CTX /Ti2 SnC-V exhibits an optimal NH3 yield of 28...
January 16, 2024: Nano-Micro Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38201915/ellagic-acid-prevents-%C3%AE-synuclein-spread-and-mitigates-toxicity-by-enhancing-autophagic-flux-in-an-animal-model-of-parkinson-s-disease
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nada Radwan, Engila Khan, Mustafa T Ardah, Tohru Kitada, M Emdadul Haque
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurological disorder, pathologically characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) as well as the formation of Lewy bodies composed mainly of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregates. It has been documented that abnormal aggregation of α-syn is one of the major causes of developing PD. In the current study, administration of ellagic acid (EA), a polyphenolic compound (10 mg/kg bodyweight), significantly decreased α-syn spreading and preserved dopaminergic neurons in a male C57BL/6 mouse model of PD...
December 26, 2023: Nutrients
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38183383/sn-whiskers-from-ti-2-snc-max-phase-bridging-dual-functionality-in-electromagnetic-attenuation
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Feiyue Hu, Haifeng Tang, Fushuo Wu, Pei Ding, Peigen Zhang, Wenwen Sun, Longzhu Cai, Bingbing Fan, Rui Zhang, ZhengMing Sun
In the ever-evolving landscape of complex electromagnetic (EM) environments, the demand for EM-attenuating materials with multiple functionalities has grown. 1D metals, known for their high conductivity and ability to form networks that facilitate electron migration, stand out as promising candidates for EM attenuation. Presently, they find primary use in electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, but achieving a dual-purpose application for EMI shielding and microwave absorption (MA) remains a challenge...
January 6, 2024: Small Methods
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38169095/different-electrophysiological-profiles-of-genetically-labelled-dopaminergic-neurons-in-the-mouse-midbrain-and-olfactory-bulb
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maggy Yu Hei Lau, Sana Gadiwalla, Susan Jones, Elisa Galliano
Dopaminergic (DA) neurons play pivotal roles in diverse brain functions, spanning movement, reward processing and sensory perception. DA neurons are most abundant in the midbrain (Substantia Nigra pars compacta [SNC] and Ventral Tegmental Area [VTA]) and the olfactory bulb (OB) in the forebrain. Interestingly, a subtype of OB DA neurons is capable of regenerating throughout life, while a second class is exclusively born during embryonic development. Compelling evidence in SNC and VTA also indicates substantial heterogeneity in terms of morphology, connectivity and function...
January 2, 2024: European Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38168401/%C3%AE-synuclein-pathology-disrupts-mitochondrial-function-in-dopaminergic-and-cholinergic-neurons-at-risk-in-parkinson-s-disease
#37
Fanni F Geibl, Martin T Henrich, Zhong Xie, Enrico Zampese, Tatiana Tkatch, David L Wokosin, Elena Nasiri, Constantin A Grotmann, Valina L Dawson, Ted M Dawson, Navdeep S Chandel, Wolfgang H Oertel, D James Surmeier
BACKGROUND: Pathological accumulation of aggregated α-synuclein (aSYN) is a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms by which intracellular aSYN pathology contributes to dysfunction and degeneration of neurons in the brain are still unclear. A potentially relevant target of aSYN is the mitochondrion. To test this hypothesis, genetic and physiological methods were used to monitor mitochondrial function in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) cholinergic neurons after stereotaxic injection of aSYN pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) into the mouse brain...
December 11, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38144688/state-switching-and-high-order-spatiotemporal-organization-of-dynamic-functional-connectivity-are-disrupted-by-alzheimer-s-disease
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lucas Arbabyazd, Spase Petkoski, Michael Breakspear, Ana Solodkin, Demian Battaglia, Viktor Jirsa
Spontaneous activity during the resting state, tracked by BOLD fMRI imaging, or shortly rsfMRI, gives rise to brain-wide dynamic patterns of interregional correlations, whose structured flexibility relates to cognitive performance. Here, we analyze resting-state dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) in a cohort of older adults, including amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI, N = 34) and Alzheimer's disease (AD, N = 13) patients, as well as normal control (NC, N = 16) and cognitively "supernormal" controls (SNC, N = 10) subjects...
2023: Network Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38129200/retraction-notice-to-silymarin-prevents-apoptosis-through-inhibiting-the-bax-caspase-3-expression-and-suppresses-toll-like-receptor-4-pathway-in-the-snc-of-6-ohda-intoxicated-rats-biomed-pharmacother-104-2018-127-136
#39
Rasool Haddadi, Alireza Mohajjel Nayebi, Shahla Eyvari Brooshghalan
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
December 20, 2023: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38115670/screening-performance-of-s100-calcium-binding-protein-b-glial-fibrillary-acidic-protein-and-ubiquitin-c-terminal-hydrolase-l1-for-intracranial-injury-within-six-hours-of-injury-and-beyond
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dhanisha Trivedi, Maximilian Peter Forssten, Yang Cao, Ahmad Mohammad Ismail, Endre Czeiter, Krisztina Amrein, Firas Kobeissy, Kevin K W Wang, Erik DeSoucy, Andras Buki, Shahin Mohseni
The Scandinavian NeuroTrauma Committee (SNC) guidelines recommend S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) as a screening tool for early detection of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients presenting with an initial Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 14-15. The objective of the current study was to compare S100B's diagnostic performance within the recommended 6-h window after injury, compared with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and UCH-L1. The secondary outcome of interest was the ability of these biomarkers in detecting traumatic intracranial pathology beyond the 6-h mark...
February 2024: Journal of Neurotrauma
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