minimum effective volume for supraclavicular block

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block is widely used in upper limb surgery; however, it requires a higher dose (20-30 mL) of local anesthetic. In this study, we aimed to determine the 90% minimum effective volume for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block. METHODS: All patients received an ultrasound-guided two-point injection of 0.5% ropivacaine at a starting volume of 0.18 mL/mm2 cross-sectional nerve area...

Background: Ultrasonography-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block has demonstrated safety as compared with landmark or nerve stimulation techniques. However, the minimum effective analgesic volume (MEAV) necessary for adequate blockade has not been determined. This study was undertaken to assess under fluoroscopy the postinjection spread of different drug volumes with clinical correlation. Secondary outcome measures included correlation of onset of block, block quality, and incidence of side effects...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Brachial plexus (BP) blocks continue to be described with reference to anatomical landmarks (Interscalene and Supraclavicular), even after the introduction of ultrasound which enables us to directly identify the roots, trunks and divisions of the BP. The aim of this study was to describe a novel injection technique targeting trunks of BP and to determine the minimum effective local anaesthetic volume (MELAV) required to produce BP block with this approach. METHODS: Twenty-one male patients in the age group 20-40 years, undergoing elective forearm bony procedures received an ultrasound-guided truncal injection BP block...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to estimate the minimum effective volume (MEV) of 1.5% mepivacaine for ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block by placing the needle near the lower trunk of brachial plexus and multiple injections. METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing forearm and hand surgery received ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block with 1.5% mepivacaine. The initial volume of local anesthetic injected was 24 ml, and local anesthetic volume for the next patient was determined by the response of the previous patient...

BACKGROUND: Involutional changes of peripheral nervous system occur with aging. The aim of the study was to determine the minimum effective volume of local anesthetic required to offer an effective ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block in 50% of middle-aged (< 50 years) and elderly (> 65 years) patients. We hypothesized reduced minimum effective volume of local anesthetic in elderly patients. METHODS: Middle-aged (n = 22) and elderly (n = 22) patients undergoing upper limb surgery received an ultrasound-guided supraclavicular brachial plexus block...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the minimum effective volume of lidocaine 1.5% with epinephrine 5 μg/mL in 90% of patients (MEV90) for double-injection ultrasound-guided supraclavicular block (SCB). METHODS: Using an in-plane technique and a lateral to medial direction, a double-injection ultrasound-guided SCB was performed. A 17-gauge, 8-cm Tuohy needle was initially advanced until its tip was positioned at the intersection of the first rib and subclavian artery ("corner pocket")...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the minimum effective anesthetic volume required to produce an effective supraclavicular block for surgical anesthesia using an ultrasound (US)-guided technique. METHODS: Twenty-one adults undergoing elective upper limb surgery received a US-guided supraclavicular block. The initial volume of local anesthetic (LA; 50:50 mixture of lidocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.5% with epinephrine) injected was 30 mL, which was subsequently varied by 5 mL for each consecutive patient according to the response of the previous patient...

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound (US)-guided supraclavicular or infraclavicular blocks are commonly used for upper extremity surgery. The aims of this randomized study were to compare the block performance and onset times, effectiveness, incidence of adverse events and patient's acceptance of US-guided supraclavicular or infraclavicular blocks. We hypothesized that the supraclavicular approach, being more superficial and easier to visualize using a 10 MHz transducer, will produce a faster and a more extensive sensory block...

PURPOSE: To review our experience with three-dimensional intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We reviewed the records of 35 patients who underwent 3D IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma at the University of California-San Francisco between April 1995 and March 1998. According to the 1997 American Joint Committee on Cancer staging classification, 4 (12%) patients had Stage I disease, 6 (17%) had Stage II, 11 (32%) had Stage III, and 14 (40%) had Stage IV disease...