coercion

BACKGROUND: Coercion perceived by psychiatric inpatients is not exclusively determined by formal measures such as involuntary admissions, seclusion or restraint, but is also associated with patients' characteristics and professionals' attitude. AIMS: This study examined how inpatients' involvement in the decision making process, the respect of their decision making preference, and their feeling of having been treated fairly mediate the relationship between involuntary hospitalisation and perceived coercion both at admission and during hospital stay...

Reproductive coercion and abuse (RCA) removes or reduces reproductive autonomy and decision-making. RCA-focused research is mostly situated within a health care perspective, with much less focus on sociolegal or criminological considerations. This article reports a summary of findings from an examination of existing Australian family violence legislation to discern whether these provisions could facilitate improved responses to RCA. The study analyzed whether and how RCA is reflected within legislative definitions of family violence across Australia, to determine their potential protective scope...

BACKGROUND: Inappropriate antibiotic use contributes significantly to the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance. While government-initiated population-level interventions are fundamental in addressing this issue, their full potential remains to be explored. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of such interventions in reducing inappropriate antibiotic use among antibiotic providers and users in healthcare and community settings. METHODS: We will conduct a systematic literature search across multiple databases and grey literature sources...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, different policies were implemented to increase vaccination uptake. Meanwhile, conspiracy theories spread widely, and vaccinated versus unvaccinated people increasingly polarized against each other. This study examined the associations between perceived vaccination coercion, conspiracy beliefs and polarization. We tested the relationship of vaccination status with perceived vaccination coercion, conspiracy beliefs, and polarization, with a total sample size of N  = 1202 ( n  = 400 in China, n  = 401 in the US, and n  = 401 in the UK), among them n  = 603 were vaccinated and n  = 599 were unvaccinated...

COVID-19 represented a challenge for health care worldwide and led to new tasks and a rethinking of resource use. It was necessary to establish capacity within hospitals and to reassign critical resources between hospitals. This study aimed to explore pediatric nurses' experiences of redeployment, new tasks, and use of specialized competencies during the first wave of COVID-19. An exploratory design, involving qualitative individual interviews with 12 pediatric nurses was used. The analysis resulted in 3 main themes...

BACKGROUND: Informed Consent (IC) is crucial in pediatric research, aligning with the National Research Act of 1974 and the Belmont Report's principles. Current regulations, particularly 45 CFR 46, provide additional safeguards for children in research. OBJECTIVE: This article explores ethical challenges in pediatric research IC, drawing from PubMed literature and regulatory guidelines to understand historical context, legislative milestones, and contemporary issues...

BACKGROUND: This study examined perceptions of coercion, pressures and procedural injustice and how such perceptions influenced psychological well-being in those who experienced a UK COVID-19 lockdown, with a view to preparing for the possibility of future lockdowns. METHODS: 40 individuals categorised as perceiving the lockdown(s) as either highly or lowly coercive took part in one of six asynchronous virtual focus groups (AVFGs). RESULTS: Using thematic analysis, the following key themes were identified in participants' discussions: (1) Choice, control and freedom; (2) threats; (3) fairness; (4) circumstantial factors; and (5) psychological factors...

Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is a common form of intimate partner violence (IPV). This study aimed to (a) identify a typology of intimate partner sexual victimization among French women victims of IPV on the basis of the frequency of various forms of sexual violence and (b) evaluate whether these profiles differ in several clinical characteristics. A total of 93 women consulting a specialized hospital service were recruited. Cluster analyses suggested four profiles: highly frequent rapes (5.4%), predominant sexual coercion (20...

BACKGROUND: In Malawi, female sex workers (FSW) have high HIV incidence and regular testing is suggested. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a safe and acceptable alternative to standard testing services. This study assessed; whether social harms were more likely to be reported after HIVST distribution to FSW by peer distributors than after facility-based HIV testing and whether FSW regretted HIVST use or experienced associated relationship problems. METHODS: Peer HIVST distributors, who were FSW, were recruited in Blantyre district, Malawi between February and July 2017...

BACKGROUND: With reference to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD), a fundamental change in psychiatric care in Germany was proposed in 2019 by Zinkler and von Peter, supported by a legal perspective from Kammeier, which has since led to controversial debates. Essentially, the aim is not only to reduce coercion in psychiatry to a minimum, but also to fundamentally exclude it in a psychiatry that only provides care. The function as an agent of social control is to be returned from psychiatry to state institutions...

BACKGROUND: Parental behaviors are key in shaping children's psychological and behavioral development, crucial for early identification and prevention of mental health issues, reducing psychological trauma in childhood. AIM: To investigate the relationship between parenting behaviors and behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children. METHODS: From October 2017 to May 2018, 7 kindergartens in Ma'anshan City were selected to conduct a parent self-filled questionnaire - Health Development Survey of Preschool Children...

BACKGROUND: Open-door policy is a recommended framework to reduce coercion in psychiatric wards. However, existing observational data might not fully capture potential increases in harm and use of coercion associated with open-door policies. In this first randomised controlled trial, we compared coercive practices in open-door policy and treatment-as-usual wards in an urban hospital setting. We hypothesised that the open-door policy would be non-inferior to treatment-as-usual on the proportion of patients exposed to coercive measures...

The COVID-19 vaccine has been a miraculous, life-saving advance, offering staggering efficacy in adults, and was developed with astonishing speed. The time from sequencing the virus to authorizing the first COVID-19 vaccine was so brisk even the optimists appear close-minded. Yet, simultaneously, United States' COVID-19 vaccination roll-out and related policies have contained missed opportunities, errors, run counter to evidence-based medicine, and revealed limitations in the judgment of public policymakers...

Pornography use is a common sexual activity for many individuals including those in a romantic relationship. Some studies have shown that violent content depicted in pornography is a risk factor for perpetration of violence in real life. Even if most of these studies examined perpetration of violent behaviors in general, not specifically toward the intimate partner, some studies have shown that pornography use frequency is related to a greater perpetration of intimate partner violence (IPV), while other studies have found that it is not significantly related...

The current study documents the correlates associated with the severity of sexual victimization among women enrolled in a 2-year community college. Comparisons between women with a history of severe sexual victimization (i.e., rape and attempted rape), moderate sexual victimization (i.e., unwanted contact and sexual coercion), and no history of sexual victimization revealed that women with a history of severe sexual victimization endorsed more drinks per week, increased problem drinking behavior, and more use of drug before sex and higher levels of self-protective dating behaviors compared with women with no history of sexual victimization...

BACKGROUND: There is uncertainty about factors associated with involuntary in-patient psychiatric care. Understanding these factors would help in reducing coercion in psychiatry. AIMS: To explore variables associated with involuntary care in the largest database of involuntary admissions published. METHOD: We identified 166 102 public mental health hospital admissions over 5 years in New South Wales, Australia. Demographic, clinical and episode-of-care variables were examined in an exploratory, multivariable logistic regression...

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) sets out a new vision for mental health care with equality and self-determination as its core standards. The CRPD fundamentally challenges long-standing practices in Sweden including the use of involuntary hospitalization, treatment without consent, and the use of restraints. This article discusses the impact of this new vision on Swedish mental health law and policy. An examination of mental health law inquiries from 2008 to 2023 reveals a notable lack of attention from policymakers towards the CRPD...

BACKGROUND: Age-disparate relationships (ADR) place adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) at higher risk of unprotected sex and HIV infection; few studies have investigated ADR at first sex in sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigates ADR at first sex and its association with reproductive autonomy, reproductive empowerment, contraception coercion, and consent at first sex among female Rwandan youth. METHODS: Cross-sectional data from a randomized trial (n = 5768) of in-school youth ages 12-19 at enrollment were analyzed with focus on those who reported sexual activity (n = 1319)...

BACKGROUND: Coercive interventions continue to be applied frequently in psychiatric care when patients are at imminent risk of harming themselves and/or others. AIM: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relationship between the length of coercion and a variety of factors, including the sociodemographic background of patients, their diagnoses and the characteristics of hospital staff. METHODS: This is a one-year cross-sectional retrospective study, including records of 298 patients who underwent restraint and/or seclusion interventions in male acute, closed wards in two psychiatric hospitals in Israel...

The current mixed-method study examined gender differences in sexual violence (SV) perpetration behaviors and the validity of perpetration reports made on the Sexual Experiences Survey-Short Form Perpetration (SES-SFP). Fifty-four university students (31 women and 23 men) were asked to think out loud while privately completing an online version of the SES-SFP and to describe (typed response) behaviors that they reported having engaged in on the SES. Those who reported no such behavior were asked to describe any similar behaviors they may have engaged in...