Pediatric acne

IMPORTANCE: Chronic skin disorders in children frequently are visible and can cause stigmatization. However, the extent of stigmatization from chronic skin disease and association with mental health needs further study. OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent of stigma, dependence on disease visibility and severity, and association with mental health and quality of life (QOL) in chronic pediatric skin disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cross-sectional, single-visit study was conducted at 32 pediatric dermatology centers in the US and Canada from November 14, 2018, to November 17, 2021...

PURPOSE: Although lomustine has been used as a chemotherapeutic agent for decades, no recommendation on appropriate chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) prophylaxis is available. As CINV is considered one of the most bothersome side effects of chemotherapy, adequate prophylaxis is of relevance to improve quality of life during cancer treatment. The aim of this retrospective case series was to report the incidence and severity of CINV in pediatric patients with high-grade glioma treated with lomustine and to formulate recommendations for appropriate CINV prophylaxis...

Several dermatologic concerns are known to disproportionally affect transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adults, but little is known about dermatologic conditions in TGD youth. This study assesses the prevalence of acne, androgenic alopecia, scarring from gender-affirming procedures, and eczema in pediatric TGD patients seen at Boston Children's Hospital between April 2021 and April 2022. The results demonstrate that, for TGD youth, the studied dermatologic concerns are common, referral rates to dermatology are low, and acne is significantly associated with testosterone use...

OBJECTIVE: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) are rare neoplasms occurring in young women with 60% associated with DICER1 mutations. This is only the second published case series of patients with SLCTs with associated DICER1 gene alterations. DICER1 syndrome is a rare inherited tumor-susceptibility syndrome affecting organs such as the ovaries. We use this case series to inform readers on this increasingly important condition in gynecology. METHODS AND RESULTS: We present three young females presenting with secondary amenorrhoea, hirsutism, acne and in one case tonic-clonic seizures...

When evaluating pediatric patients of color, it is essential to consider the unique diagnostic and treatment factors that apply to this population. Certain dermatologic conditions are more common in these patients, including postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, pityriasis alba, progressive macular hypomelanosis, tinea capitis, traction alopecia, keloids, hypertrophic scars, pseudofolliculitis barbae, acne keloidalis nuchae, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Furthermore, conditions such as vitiligo are more noticeable in people of color...

Acne is a common skin condition in adolescent patients but much less common in childhood. Pediatric providers should be familiar with the varying presentations in the pediatric population and recognize when additional physical signs of hyperandrogenism are present. This article details the pathogenesis and presentation of acne in infancy, mid-childhood, and preadolescence. The differential diagnosis is discussed and recommendations for initial workup, referral, and treatment are provided. [ Pediatr Ann . 2024;53(4):e115-e120...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) have an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and difficulty meeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. In this post hoc analysis, we evaluated pooled safety and efficacy data from 3 studies in pediatric patients with HoFH treated with the PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) monoclonal antibody inhibitor evolocumab. METHODS: Patients with HoFH aged 10 to 17 years received treatment with open-label evolocumab 420 mg subcutaneously monthly or biweekly in the TAUSSIG, RAMAN, or HAUSER-OLE clinical studies...

BACKGROUND: Isotretinoin treatment for acne can reduce adverse psychiatric outcomes in adults, but there has been little investigation of the incidence of psychiatric outcomes in treated adolescents. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study using the Rochester Epidemiology Project identified 606 patients aged 12-18 prescribed isotretinoin over a 10-year period between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2017. Medical records were reviewed to identify psychiatric diagnoses before and during isotretinoin therapy, as well as psychiatric symptoms not captured by formal diagnoses and changes to isotretinoin dosing because of psychiatric diagnoses or symptoms...

To evaluate EEG monitoring during neonatal ECMO and to identify any correlations between seizure detection to abnormal neuroimaging. Eight-year, service evaluation of neonates who received at least one continuous EEG (cEEG) whilst on ECMO at Great Ormond Street Hospital. Pearson's chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to assess clinical and EEG variables association with seizures and neuroimaging findings. Fifty-seven neonates were studied; 57 cEEG recordings were reviewed...

Familial male-limited precocious puberty (FMPP) is a rare form of gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty that is caused by an activating mutation of the LHCGR gene. Herein, we report a case of FMPP with a mutation of the LHCGR gene in a Korean boy with familial history of precocious puberty through 3 generations. A 16-month-old boy presented with signs of precocious puberty, including pubic hair, acne, and increased growth velocity. The patient's grandfather and father had a history of precocious puberty and profound short stature...

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to review the current and emerging dermatological applications of the novel thermomechanical fractional injury (TMFI) device, Tixel® (Novoxel, Netanya, Israel). METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed using the search terms of "Tixel", "thermomechanical fractional", ["thermomechanical ablation" and "skin"], and ["thermomechanical ablation" and "dermatology"]. RESULTS: Thirty-six articles matched our inquiry. Fifteen articles did not meet inclusion criteria...

BACKGROUND: The use of progestin-only long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) may be a risk factor for acne. Few studies have focused primarily on the effects of hormonal LARC on the development or exacerbation of acne in adolescents and young adults. We sought to understand the incidence and management of acne following hormonal LARC insertion in this adolescent/young adult population. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was conducted of prospectively collected quality improvement (QI) data from the Adolescent Medicine LARC Collaborative...

Childhood rosacea is a lesser known, yet significant, skin condition presenting diagnostic and treatment challenges. Although often underdiagnosed due to unclear diagnostic criteria, it manifests similarly to adult rosacea, with features such as papulopustular, telangiectasia, granulomatous, idiopathic facial aseptic granuloma, and ocular rosacea. The complex pathophysiology involves genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. Distinguishing childhood rosacea from conditions like acne, steroid rosacea, sarcoidosis, and lupus vulgaris is crucial but complicated by the lack of established criteria...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Despite studies of dermatologic manifestations in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), little is known about the prevalence of IBD-associated skin lesions and their correlation with IBD severity in children. We aimed to address these knowledge gaps in our single-center cohort of children with IBD. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 528 children and adolescents (≤18 years old) with IBD and seen at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between 1999 and 2017 was conducted...

BACKGROUND: Comedone extraction provides greater satisfaction for acne treatment than conventional treatment alone; however, post-comedone extraction erythema (PCEE) remains a concern for patients. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of pulsed-dye laser (PDL) in PCEE and comedone reduction. METHODS: Mild-to-moderate acne patients were randomly allocated in split-face fashion. Three comedones were extracted on each facial side. On the PDL-treated side, 595-nm PDL was delivered to the entire side with an additional shot on three comedone-extracted sites...

Pediatric adrenocortical neoplasms (ACNs) are extremely rare tumors in contrast to their adult counterparts. Distinguishing benign from malignant is challenging based on pure morphologic grounds. Previously, 2 scoring systems were proposed in pediatric ACN, including the Wieneke criteria (WC) and its modified version (modified WC [mWC]). In adults, the reticulin algorithm (RA) has proven inexpensive, reliable, predictive, and reproducible; however, it has been validated only recently in children in a limited number of cases...

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric heart transplant patients are routinely followed in dermatology clinics due to elevated risk of cutaneous malignancy. However, transplant patients may experience other, non-cancer-related dermatologic conditions including skin infections, inflammatory diseases, and drug eruptions that can cause significant medical and psychosocial comorbidity. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of all pediatric heart transplant patients at Mayo Clinic Children's Center in Rochester, MN, was performed to determine the prevalence and spectrum of non-cancer dermatologic conditions...

BACKGROUND: Postoperative spinal implant infection following pediatric spinal surgery often presents a management dilemma. We aimed to characterize our experience in this cohort of patients, hoping to provide further insight when approaching these challenging cases. METHODS: A retrospective, observational study was performed of all children who underwent spinal surgery from January 2015 to June 2021 in a tertiary pediatric spinal surgery referral center in Queensland, Australia...

Hyperandrogenism-insulin resistance-acanthosis nigricans (HAIR-AN) syndrome is a special and rare subtype of polycystic ovarian syndrome. It can lead to hyperandrogenism (HA), insulin resistance (IR), and acanthosis nigricans (AN) accompanied by acne, hirutism, irregular menstruation, and other androgen excess symptoms. A case of pediatric HAIR-AN syndrome with severe AN was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital. The patient's clinical manifestations, laboratory data, imaging features, and gene sequencing were analyzed, and the patient was diagnosed with pediatric HAIR-AN syndrome...