Undescend testis

BACKGROUND: The undescended testis (UDT) is the most common genital anomaly encountered in pediatrics with an estimated incidence of 1% to 4% in full-term and 1% to 45% in preterm newborn boys. Over the years, studies on progressive histological deterioration and cancer risk has led to a change in recommendations for when orchidopexy should be done. OBJECTIVES: Determine age at presentation of patients for UDT to a specialist in Saudi Arabia, age of operation and whether the recommended targeted time frame has been met...

STUDY QUESTION: Can subphenotype analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from subjects with testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) provide insight into cryptorchidism (undescended testis, UDT) susceptibility? SUMMARY ANSWER: Suggestive intragenic GWAS signals common to UDT, TGCT case-case and TGCT case-control analyses occur in genes encoding RBFOX RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and their neurodevelopmental targets. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: UDT is a strong risk factor for TGCT, but while genetic risk factors for TGCT are well-known, genetic susceptibility to UDT is poorly understood and appears to be more complex...

PURPOSE: Previous studies of undescended testis (UT) has focused on insulin-like hormone 3 (INSL3), the genitofemoral nerve, and androgens in the testicular descent. Leydig cells, which are under the control of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), produce both androgens and INSL3. We aimed to investigate whether insulin-like growth factor receptor-1(IGFR1) exists in the cremaster muscle (CM) complex and is associated with normally descended testis as well as UT cases in humans. METHODS: We studied 30 CM from 15 patients who comprised the UT group (UTG), and 15 patients with unilateral testicular torsion (Control group; CG)...

PURPOSE: We sought to determine the incidence and timing of testicular atrophy following inguinal hernia repair in children. METHODS: We used the TRICARE database, which tracks care delivered to active and retired members of the US Armed Forces and their dependents, including > 3 million children. We abstracted data on male children < 12 years who underwent inguinal hernia repair (2005-2014). We excluded patients with history of testicular atrophy, malignancy or prior related operation...

We present a 19-year-old man with a diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) and a delayed presentation of testicular torsion. EDS is a rare and heterogeneous condition affecting collagen synthesis and presents multiple difficulties in a surgical setting. Management of this case of testicular torsion was complicated by impaired cognition of the patient, difficulty with intubation, a contralateral undescended testis and postoperative bleeding. We discuss the specific challenges faced in this case of testicular torsion with longstanding ischaemia and perioperative considerations of EDS...

OBJECTIVE: To query the current contralateral testis fixation (CTF) practice patterns among pediatric urologists in different clinical situations that could result in monorchism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online survey was sent to members of the Urology Section of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The survey included questions addressing CTF practice patterns in 14 clinical scenarios. Responses were anonymously submitted, blindly reviewed and analyzed. RESULTS: Among 53 respondents, 62...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Objective: Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare congenital disease characterized by the presence of rudimentary Müllerian structures within an intra-abdominal or hernial sac in a virilized male, often presenting as undescended testes. In this study, we aim to present a series of the PMDS patients who were managed by orchiopexy without removal of Müllerian remnants (MR). Material and methods: Between May 2010 and June 2017, we treated six cases diagnosed as PMDS in our department...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the implementation of the current guideline and identify potential underlying causes for late surgery in children with Undescended testis (UDT) in Germany. UDT is the most common surgical issue in paediatric urology. To avoid malignant degeneration and subfertility current guidelines recommend orchidopexy during the first year of life. However, this seems not to be implemented in practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 5547 patients with cryptorchidism at 16 hospitals nationwide were studied regarding age at orchidopexy between 2003 and 2016...

BACKGROUND: In congenital undescended testis (UDT) in humans, thermal insult damages early germ cell development during mini-puberty (3-6months) causing increased risk of both cancer and infertility. In rodents however, UDT causes infertility but not cancer. In the TS rat with congenital UDT we hypothesized that early germ cell development would be normal as UDT only becomes manifest at 3-4weeks (and the germ cells only become sensitive to thermal injury) after minipuberty is complete at 1week...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

RATIONALE: Ectopic immature renal tissue (EIRT) is extremely rare in congenital malformations. Moreover, the fundamental pathogenesis of EIRT is still unclear and controversial. PATIENT CONCERNS: The right scrotum of a 1-year-old man was found empty for a period of 1 month. B-ultrasonography revealed normal bilateral kidneys and a hypoechoic nodule in the right groin. DIAGNOSES: Based on B-ultrasonography, surgery and pathological examination, we concluded a case of abnormally located and EIRT in the inguinal canal...

We aimed to determine the difference in tissue stiffness, which might reflect histologic damage, by comparing the potential of the shear wave elastography (SWE) values of operated undescended testes (OUT) with those of undescended testes (UT) and normal testes. A total of 120 patients (235 testes) were enrolled in the current study. Quantitative SWE values were measured by manually drawing contours of the entire testis structure with a free region of interest. A group of 66 OUT were classified as group A. Operation age and the period passed over the operation time and SWE values were compared among the testes assigned to group A...

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary carcinoma of the liver, which mainly metastasizes through the portal vein system. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we report an extremely rare case in which HCC metastasized to the capsule of an undescended testis in the right inguinal area of the patient. A tumor approximately 8.8 × 7.0 cm in size was found in the patient's liver during a health check-up. Initially, it was considered a metastatic tumor because the patient was found to have cryptorchidism, which had been left untreated before he presented to our hospital...

PURPOSE: Superb micro-vascular imaging (SMI) is a new blood flow (BF) technique recently developed to outface the limitations of conventional Doppler imaging techniques (CDIT). SMI can observe micro-vascular BF and low-velocity BF. SMI is available in two modes as color SMI (cSMI) and monochrome SMI (mSMI). To evaluate testicular BF, we have compared color Doppler (CD), power Doppler (PD), cSMI, and mSMI techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 156 patients (310 testes) were included in the study...

Infertility occurs in up to 54% of men with bilateral undescended testes. Orchiectomy is considered the best therapeutic approach, especially when cryptorchidism is diagnosed in adulthood, due to a high risk of malignancy. A 33-year-old man was referred with a clinical presentation of empty scrotum and an ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of intra-abdominal bilateral cryptorchidism. Follicle-stimulating hormone was 23.20 IU/L, luteinising hormone was 14.10 IU/L, total testosterone was 12...

Background: Many primary care physicians order an ultrasound (US) before referral to specialist care for suspected undescended testis; however, the value of this practice is questionable. Objective: To determine the proportion of boys referred for suspected undescended testis who had accompanying US, the cost of this practice and the accuracy of US for testis localization when compared with physical examination by a pediatric urologist. Methods: This was a retrospective chart review at a pediatric urology service, including all patients referred for suspected undescended testis from 2008 to 2012...

This study reports the experience of our tertiary referral center and proposes a new indicator, the growth percentage ratio (GPR), for determining the optimal timing of surgical intervention. A retrospective review of boys who underwent orchiopexy for undescended testis from 2001 to 2013 was conducted. We analyzed testicular volumes in different age groups using the UDT to normally descended testis ratio and testicular GPR. A total of 134 boys with unilateral undescended testicle underwent regular ultrasonography follow-up examinations for more than a mean of 3...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of preoperative ultrasonography (US) for detecting a viable testis in patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis. METHODS: Patients with a unilateral nonpalpable testis or unilateral palpable undescended testis who underwent preoperative US were enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups as follows: nonpalpable testis/no testis (n = 27), which included patients who had a unilateral nonpalpable testis with no viable testis detected at surgery; nonpalpable testis/viable testis (n = 10), which included patients who had a unilateral nonpalpable testis with a viable testis identified at surgery; and palpable undescended testis (n = 63), which included patients who had a unilateral palpable undescended testis...

INTRODUCTION: An interparietal inguinal hernia is a rare form of hernia. In this type of hernia, the sac passes between the layers of the abdominal wall of the inguinal canal area. Although its treatment is very simple but pre-operative diagnosis is really a challenging issue. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 62 years old male patient presented with complaint of a large swelling over right lower abdomen with absence of right testes since birth. The lump was measured 26×22cm in size...