Undescend testis

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A case of a 45,X/46,XY boy with gonadal dysgenesis is presented. The patient showed hypospadias and right undescended testis. He underwent underwent repair surgery for hypospadias, right orchidopexy, and bilateral testicular biopsy. Testicular biopsy revealed no malignant finding. He was followed-up annually by scrotum palpation. When the patient grew up to 24 years old, he was diagnosed to have right testicular tumor. High orchiectomy revealed pT1 seminoma. The management of undescended testis in men with gonadal dysgenesis and disordered sexual development is discussed...

BACKGROUND: In previous reports no differences in Leydig and Sertoli cell function were found between congenital undescended testis (CUDT) and acquired UDT (AUDT) on the basis of serum levels of LH, testosterone, FSH or inhibin B. This study tried to detect differences in Leydig and Sertoli cell function between CUDT and AUDT using insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH). METHOD: 118 men with a history of UDT (CUDT N=55 (6/55 bilateral), AUDT N=63 (15/63 bilateral)) were investigated...

Polyorchidism is a very rare genitourinary anomaly defined with the presence of more than two testicles. Polyorchidism is associated up to 40% with undescended testicles. The present report is about an incidentally detected triorchidism case with unilateral, one atrophic undescended double testicles. A 4-year-old child, diagnosed with undescended left testicle revealed during orchiopexy polyorchidism with distinct epididymis and vas deferens. Whereas one of the testicles was in regular size; the other two were atrophic...

BACKGROUND: Strong evidence suggests that in order to prevent irreversible testicular damage surgical correction (orchidopexy) for undescended testis (UDT) should be performed before the age of 1 year. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether orchidopexy is delayed in our medical system, and if so, to explore the pattern of referral for orchidopexy as a possible contributing factor in such delays. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all children who underwent orchidopexy for UDT between 2003 and 2013 in our institution...

INTRODUCTION: Metachronous undescended testis (mcUDT), an acquired UDT after contralateral orchiopexy, can occur in some boys. If one were able to predict its occurrence, one might consider a proactive approach or at least one would be able to counsel the parents accordingly. Our hypothesis was there may be characteristics evident at the time of initial orchiopexy which could predict the development of contralateral mcUDT. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to Identify factors present at initial orchiopexy that predict development of subsequent mcUDT...

BACKGROUND: Male genital anomalies often require surgery in early life to address functional and cosmetic consequences. However, there has been little assessment of developmental outcomes of affected boys. METHODS: We conducted a population-based cohort study of all boys born in New South Wales, Australia, and undergoing school-entry developmental assessment in 2009 or 2012. Health and developmental information was obtained by means of record-linkage of birth, hospital and Australian Early Development Census data...

A looping vas deferens may be present in up to 20% of undescended testes located within or proximal to the inguinal canal. This associated abnormality is vulnerable to transection during orchidopexy. We present an example of a very long looping vas to emphasize the importance of inspection for this anomaly, and demonstrate the extreme extent that a looping vas may extend. Identification of the vas among cord structures may provide false reassurance of normal ductal anatomy. Examination for a looping vas by inspecting structures caudal to the testis should occur at an early opportunity during orchidopexy to avoid inadvertent transection...

STUDY QUESTION: Are boys who are born to mothers who use analgesics during pregnancy at increased risk of cryptorchidism compared to those born to mothers who do not take analgesia? SUMMARY ANSWER: In this systematic review and meta-analysis of 10 published studies, we observed only weak evidence of an association between analgesia use during pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism in the son. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Concentrations of analgesia relevant to human exposure have been implicated as causing endocrine disturbances in the developing foetal testis...

The technique of triggering the cremasteric reflex and its respective signaling pathway is not described uniformly throughout the literature. As this reflex is a useful sign in diagnosing testicular torsion, orchitis, varicocele, and undescended testis, it seems desirable to identify and define the correct mechanism. Our aim was to investigate how the cremasteric reflex and its signaling pathway are described in the current literature and how the variability of the innervation of the inguinal region could affect the frequency of this reflex...

AIMS: The optimal management for boys under 3 months of age with an indirect inguinal hernia (IIH) and ipsilateral palpable undescended testis (IPUDT) is unknown. We aimed to: 1) determine the current practice for managing these boys across the UK, and 2) compare outcomes of different treatment strategies. METHODOLOGY: We undertook two studies. Firstly, we completed a National Survey of all surgeons on the British Association of Paediatric Surgeons email list in 2014...

The development of testes occurs in the abdomen during fetal life, after which they migrate into the scrotal sacs during the third trimester. During their descent, they may get arrested anywhere along the tract. Risk of testicular cancer is higher in patients with undescended testes, abdominal testis being more prone than inguinal. Seminoma is the commonest cancer in undescended testis. However, synchronous seminoma involving bilateral cryptorchid testis is rare. Present case is uncommon due to synchronous involvement of abdominopelvic and inguinal testes in extended age...

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively investigate the effectiveness of high single scrotal-incision orchidopexy (HSSIO) for palpable undescended testis (PUDT) in infants aged 6-24 months. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From March 2012 to July 2014, 46 age range-restricted (6-24 months) infants with 57 PUDT underwent HSSIO after obtaining written consent from their parents. The exclusion criteria were ectopic, retractile testes and recurrent cases. All infants were examined before surgery in the outpatient department and after anaesthesia induction immediately before surgery...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the computed tomography imaging features of a torsed inguinal testis with nontorsed inguinal testes. METHODS: Computed tomography scans of patients with undescended testes were retrospectively collected (2011-2016). Imaging features of nontorsed undescended testis were compared with a case of an inguinal torsed testis. Observations included location of the undescended testis, size (length × width) and texture of each testis, peritesticular findings, position of testicular vessels, and enhancement patterns...

OBJECTIVE: Testicular dysgenesis syndrome (TDS) comprises testicular germ cell cancer, cryptorchidism and some cases of male infertility and hypospadias, which can be linked to impairment of intrauterine gonadal development. Among histological signs of TDS, large Leydig cell (LC) clusters (micronodules) are frequently present. This study aimed to investigate possible associations of LC micronodules with the presence of Reinke crystals and hormonal function of LCs, the latter primarily reflected by serum concentrations of luteinising hormone (LH) and testosterone, in patients with TDS...

Cryptorchidism is the most common predisposing factor in the development of testicular germ cell tumors. Seminoma is the most common malignancy developing in a cryptorchid testis, usually has lymphatic but rarely hematogenous metastasis. The Urinary Bladder is an extremely rare site of metastasis of seminoma metastasis. A 29-year-old male patient presented to us with a history of infertility and an intra-abdominal mass. He was investigated and treated and was found to have an intra-abdominal seminoma with synchronous urinary bladder metastasis...

Band-like calcification with simplified gyration and polymicrogyria (BLC-PMG) is an extremely rare autosomal recessive disorder with distinctive clinical and neuroimaging findings. To date, only 17 patients from 9 unrelated families with BLC-PMG have been reported worldwide. Herein, we describe a series of 13 new patients derived from 10 unrelated Egyptian families. Patients presented at early life with the classic phenotype including severe microcephaly, failure to acquire developmental skills, growth failure and the distinguished calcification patterns involving the cortex, thalami, basal ganglia and pons...

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) is a rare, sex-limited, autosomal recessive disorder representing male pseudo-hermaphroditism. It is observed in males with the presence of female reproductive organs such as the uterus, cervix, and bilateral fallopian tubes along with normally developed male reproductive organs. It generally occurs during embryogenesis due to mutation in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) gene, i.e., AMH gene or AMH receptor (AMHR2) gene. The present case reports a male infant with inflammation in the right groin who was admitted to Security Forces Hospital in 2015...

OBJECTIVE: To report our experience of the unique scrotal incision for the redo cases of orchiopexy after previous inguinal surgery or orchiopexy for undescended testis with a special attention regarding the place of the single scrotal approach. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-six patients operated between January 2003 and September 2015 in our surgical unit for secondary orchiopexy after previous inguinal surgery or orchiopexy for undescended testis (UDT) were included in a retrospective study...

Persistent Mullerian duct syndrome is the result of either anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) deficiency or AMH receptor resistance. A long tubular structure (testis/?) was palpated during the physical examination of a 13-month-old male patient who admitted because of bilateral undescended testes. Structures suggestive of ovaries, a uterus and fallopian tubes were observed during laparoscopic examination of the ectopic testis. AMHR2 gene sequence analysis performed wıth a preliminary diagnosis of AMH receptor resistance revealed a previously unreported homozygous c...