Congenital hernia

An 8-month-old castrated male British Shorthair cat presented with acute anorexia and vomiting. The overall clinical presentation included generalized depression. Physical examination revealed palpable abdominal mass, thus foreign body or intussusception was suspected. Abdominal radiographs showed segmental dilation of small intestine and ultrasonography revealed target lesion with dilated small bowel loops and disrupted normal wall layering, suggestive of intussusception. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed congenital mesenteric defects associated with small intestinal obstruction...

Internal hernias are difficult to diagnose clinically, and normal cross-sectional imaging has been documented in many patients. Transmesenteric hernias from congenital defects or prior abdominal surgery are most common. A 46-year-old previously healthy female presented to the emergency department with acute onset nausea and vomiting eight years after a right ureteral transection during a laparoscopic hysterectomy, with a delayed ureterolysis and reimplantation into the bladder. Rectal contrast CT scan demonstrated a partial large bowel obstruction that was unclear if it was due to an underlying mass, stricture, or internal herniation...

In congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), abdominal organs are displaced into the chest, compress the lungs, and cause mediastinal shift. This contributes to development of pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension, which is the primary determinant of morbidity and mortality for affected newborns. The severity is determined using prenatal imaging as early as the first trimester and is related to the laterality of the defect, extent of lung compression, and degree of liver herniation. Comprehensive evaluation of fetal CDH includes imaging-based severity assessment, severity assessment, and evaluation for structural or genetic abnormalities to differentiate isolated from complex cases...

BACKGROUND: congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a birth defect occurring in isolated or syndromic (chromosomal or monogenic) conditions. The diaphragmatic defect can be the most common one: left-sided posterolateral, named Bochdalek hernia; or it can be an anterior-retrosternal defect, named Morgagni hernia. Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited condition that affects connective tissue, caused by mutations in fibrillin-1 gene on chromosome 15. To date various types of diaphragmatic defects (about 30 types) have been reported in association with MFS, but they are heterogeneous, including CDH and paraesophageal hernia...

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary growth in congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDH) remains unclear. We investigated postoperative pulmonary vascular growth using serial lung perfusion scintigraphy in patients with CDH. METHODS: Neonates with left CDH who underwent surgery and postoperative lung perfusion scintigraphy at our institution between 2001 and 2020 were included. Patient demographics, clinical courses, and lung scintigraphy data were retrospectively analyzed by reviewing medical records...

BACKGROUND: Congenital Hernia of umbilical cord (CHUC) is a rare presentation. The failure of return of intestinal loops following physiological herniation has been postulated as the embryological basis of this condition. This is usually mistakenly termed as omphalocele minor. We aim to highlight this rare finding, the clinical features, diagnostic dilemma, and management of CHUC. CASE PRESENTATION: He is a 4-day old male with obstructed CHUC. He had an oedematous umbilical stump, with circumferential normal abdominal wall skin folds in the form of a collar wrapping round the proximal aspect of the protrusion...

Bochdalek hernias are a rare occurrence in adults and usually asymptomatic, resulting in incidental discovery. However, surgical intervention is recommended for both symptomatic and asymptomatic Bochdalek hernias due to the risk of acute morbidity and mortality. There are various possible surgical approaches that may be appropriate depending on the circumstance, with robotic repair becoming increasingly popular. To date, the rarity of the condition has limited the available data on postoperative outcomes.

Morgagni hernias may range from asymptomatic incidental findings to surgical emergencies. An abdominal approach is ideal in the majority of cases, although surgeons should understand alternatives for repair.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a complex and highly variable disease process that should be treated at institutions with multidisciplinary teams designed for their care. Treatment in the neonatal period focuses on pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension, and cardiac dysfunction. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be considered in patients refractory to medical management. Repair of CDH early during the ECMO course seems to improve mortality compared with other times for surgical intervention...

The diaphragm is a musculoaponeurotic structure separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It plays important roles in both respiration and maintaining gastrointestinal function. A careful consideration of anatomy should be taken during surgical procedures to minimize injury to this crucial organ.

Anatomic variants of hepatic ligaments are rare, and complications attributable to these variants may be difficult to diagnose. Our aim is to contribute to the literature surrounding the incidental finding of a congenital absence of the falciform ligament. We report the case of a 37-year-old man who underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. During the operation, the patient was noted to have an apparent absence of the falciform ligament attachment to the liver. The round ligament was attached from the liver to the anterior abdominal wall at the level of the umbilicus...

OBJECTIVE: To report a ventral diaphragmatic advancement technique to repair a large congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a dog. ANIMAL: A 5-month-old 15-kg entire male Labrador Retriever. CLINICAL PRESENTATION, PROGRESSION, AND PROCEDURES: The dog presented with a history of diarrhea for a week and acute-onset lethargy and vomiting for 3 days. Clinical examination revealed borborygmi on auscultation of the chest, and subsequent imaging showed a congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia...

We analyzed the risk factors and outcomes of antenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) from a tertiary-care children's hospital following in-utero transfer. A total of 41 antenatally detected cases of CDH were included; 30 were live-born and 11 were still-born. The primary outcome was postnatal survival. The secondary outcome was the probable factor affecting survival. No medical termination of the pregnancy was done. The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 23 weeks. The diagnostic accuracy of antenatal ultrasonography was 40/41 (97...

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is defined as a sustained intra-abdominal pressure ≥ 20 mm Hg, associated with new organ dysfunction. Postoperative ACS can occur following repair of hernias with loss-of-domain. Such loss-of-domain hernias are well described involving incisional hernias, less described involving Bochdalek congenital diaphragmatic hernias (CDHs), but not yet described involving paraesophageal hernias (PEHs) or Morgagni CDHs. We describe a case of postoperative ACS following laparoscopic repair of a PEH and Morgagni CDH...

Internal hernias are defined as protrusions of viscera through congenital or acquired aperture within the peritoneal cavity without an exit from the abdomen. The entity is broadly diversified with a wide variety of forms and severity of symptoms. A 10-day-old, full-term infant with poor feeding, bilious vomiting, and faecal retention for 3 days presented at our hospital. In the abdominal ultrasound, a whirl-pool sign was detected and laparotomy indicated. Intraoperatively, a malrotation of the small bowel with herniation of the jejunum into a mesocolic hernia was detected...

Prenatal diagnosis of inguinal hernia is significant for preparing postnatal management to ensure timely surgical interventions. Early recognition through physical examination after birth is easy and vital to confirm the post-natal diagnosis.

Fetal lung development is a crucial and complex process that lays the groundwork for postnatal respiratory health. However, disruptions in this delicate developmental journey can lead to fetal lung development disorders, impacting neonatal outcomes and potentially influencing health outcomes well into adulthood. Recent research has shed light on the intriguing association between fetal lung development disorders and the development of adult diseases. Understanding these links can provide valuable insights into the developmental origins of health and disease, paving the way for targeted preventive measures and clinical interventions...

An 18-month-old neutered male domestic shorthair cat was presented for an emergency consultation after falling from the second floor. The cat sustained minor traumatic injuries but did not exhibit dyspnea. Routine radiographic examination raised suspicion of a diaphragmatic hernia, but the circumscribed nature of the soft tissues visible in the thorax was atypical for a classic traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. A positive contrast peritoneography highlighted the likely presence of a hernial sac, which strongly suggested a "true diaphragmatic hernia", also known as "pleuroperitoneal hernia"...

BACKGROUND: The illnesses associated with changes in barometric pressure can be classified into three types: acute mountain sickness, high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), and high-altitude cerebral edema. HAPE is a rare form of pulmonary edema that occurs in susceptible individuals after arriving at altitudes over 2500 m above sea level (m). Only a few studies have reported classical HAPE among children with underlying cardiopulmonary comorbidities. In this study, we report two pediatric cases of classical HAPE that occurred immediately upon arriving at Abha city (with an average elevation of 2270 m above sea level)...

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) serves as a rescue therapy for patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and severe cardiopulmonary failure, and only half of these patients survive to discharge. This costly intervention has a significant complication risk and is reserved for patients with the most severe disease physiology refractory to maximal cardiopulmonary support. Some contraindications to ECLS do exist such as coagulopathy, lethal chromosomal or congenital anomaly, very preterm birth, or very low birth weight, but many of these limits are being evaluated through further research...