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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mary Kimani, Sassy Molyneux, Anderson Charo, Scholastica M Zakayo, Gladys Sanga, Rita Njeru, Alun Davies, Maureen Kelley, Amina Abubakar, Vicki Marsh
BACKGROUND: Carefully planned research is critical to developing policies and interventions that counter physical, psychological and social challenges faced by young people living with HIV/AIDS, without increasing burdens. Such studies, however, must navigate a 'vulnerability paradox', since including potentially vulnerable groups also risks unintentionally worsening their situation. Through embedded social science research, linked to a cohort study involving Adolescents Living with HIV/AIDS (ALH) in Kenya, we develop an account of researchers' responsibilities towards young people, incorporating concepts of vulnerability, resilience, and agency as 'interacting layers'...
February 20, 2024: BMC Medical Ethics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mwate Joseph Chaila, David Mcleod, Sten H Vermund, Moomba Mbolongwe-Thornicroft, Madalitso Mbewe, Constance Mubekapi-Musadaidzwa, Abigail Harper, Albertus Schaap, Sian Floyd, Graeme Hoddinott, Richard Hayes, Sarah Fidler, Helen Ayles, Kwame Shanaube
INTRODUCTION: The HPTN071 (PopART) for Youth (P-ART-Y) study evaluated the acceptability and uptake of a community-level combination HIV prevention package including universal testing and treatment (UTT) among young people in Zambia and South Africa. We determined whether a four-question primary care level screening tool, validated for use in clinical settings, could enhance community (door-to-door) identification of undiagnosed HIV-positive younger adolescents (aged 10-14) who are frequently left out of HIV interventions...
2024: PloS One
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shurong Zhou, Ting Su, Furong Cheng, Janet Cole, Xiang Liu, Bei Zhang, Shaheer Alam, Jinze Liu, Guizhi Zhu
Activating cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) holds great potential for cancer immunotherapy by eliciting type-I interferon (IFN-I) responses. Yet, current approaches to cGAS-STING activation rely on STING agonists, which suffer from difficult formulation, poor pharmacokinetics, and marginal clinical therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report nature-inspired oligonucleotide, Svg3, as a cGAS agonist for cGAS-STING activation in tumor combination immunotherapy. The hairpin-shaped Svg3 strongly binds to cGAS and enhances phase separation to form Svg3-cGAS liquid-like droplets...
March 12, 2024: Molecular Therapy. Nucleic Acids
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhuo Huang, Qiu Xiao, Tuo Xiong, Wanwan Shi, Yide Yang, Guanghui Li
Identifying drug-protein interactions (DPIs) is crucial in drug discovery and repurposing. Computational methods for precise DPI identification can expedite development timelines and reduce expenses compared with conventional experimental methods. Lately, deep learning techniques have been employed for predicting DPIs, enhancing these processes. Nevertheless, the limitations observed in prior studies, where many extract features from complete drug and protein entities, overlooking the crucial theoretical foundation that pharmacological responses are often correlated with specific substructures, can lead to poor predictive performance...
February 7, 2024: Computers in Biology and Medicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elona Toska, Siyanai Zhou, Christina A Laurenzi, Wylene Saal, William Rudgard, Camille Wittesaele, Nontokozo Langwenya, Janina Jochim, Boladé Hamed Banougnin, Laurie Gulaid, Alice Armstrong, Gayle Sherman, Olanrewaju Edun, Lorraine Sherr, Lucie Cluver
INTRODUCTION: Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) living with HIV experience poor HIV outcomes and high rates of unintended pregnancy. Little is known about which healthcare provisions can optimize their HIV-related outcomes, particularly among AGYW mothers. METHODS: Eligible 12- to 24-year-old AGYW living with HIV from 61 health facilities in a South African district completed a survey in 2018-2019 (90% recruited). Analysing surveys and medical records from n = 774 participants, we investigated associations of multiple HIV-related outcomes (past-week adherence, consistent clinic attendance, uninterrupted treatment, no tuberculosis [TB] and viral suppression) with seven healthcare provisions: no antiretroviral therapy (ART) stockouts, kind and respectful providers, support groups, short travel time, short waiting time, confidentiality, and safe and affordable facilities...
February 2024: Journal of the International AIDS Society
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yurong Chen, Hui Zhang, Yaonan Wang, Yimin Yang, Jonathan Wu
Hyperspectral images (HSIs) are composed of hundreds of contiguous waveband images, offering a wealth of spatial and spectral information. However, the practical use of HSIs is often hindered by the presence of complicated noise caused by various factors such as non-uniform sensor response and dark current. Traditional methods for denoising HSIs rely on constrained optimization approaches, where selecting appropriate prior knowledge is critical for achieving satisfactory results. Nevertheless, these traditional algorithms are limited by hand-crafted priors, leaving room for improvement in their denoising performance...
February 6, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Image Processing: a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angela Sofia Burkhart Colorado, Alessandro Lazzaro, Charles Preston Neff, Nichole Nusbacher, Kathryn Boyd, Suzanne Fiorillo, Casey Martin, Janet C Siebert, Thomas B Campbell, Margaret Borok, Brent E Palmer, Catherine Lozupone
BACKGROUND: The widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced mortality and improved life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). However, even with HIV-1 suppression, chronic immune activation and elevated inflammation persist and have been linked to a pro-inflammatory gut microbiome composition and compromised intestinal barrier integrity. PLWH in urban versus rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa experience differences in environmental factors that may impact the gut microbiome and immune system, in response to ART, yet this has not previously been investigated in these groups...
February 3, 2024: Microbiome
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jie Luo, Weigang Cui, Song Xu, Lina Wang, Huiling Chen, Yang Li
Rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) is a promising target detection technique by using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. However, existing deep learning approaches seldom considered dependencies of multi-scale temporal features and discriminative multi-view spectral features simultaneously, which limits the representation learning ability of the model and undermine the EEG classification performance. In addition, recent transfer learning-based methods generally failed to obtain transferable cross-subject invariant representations and commonly ignore the individual-specific information, leading to the poor cross-subject transfer performance...
January 29, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
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REVIEW
Nivedita Sashidhar, Venkataram Mysore, G V Thejavathy
Progestogen hypersensitivity (PH) also known as autoimmune progesterone dermatitis is a rare clinical entity that may be triggered by endogenous progesterone (menstrual cycles and pregnancy) or exogenous progestin exposure (examples: contraceptive medicines, in vitro fertilization treatments). It is a poorly recognized syndrome due to its heterogeneous clinical presentation. The pathomechanism of PH is believed to be primarily IgE mediated but less commonly other immune responses may be involved. Management is usually focused on symptomatic control with medications...
2024: Indian Dermatology Online Journal
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Patrick Ryscavage, Siham Hussien, Hyunuk Seung, Lauren Hynicka
INTRODUCTION: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)/HIV co-infection has been identified as a risk for impaired CD4+ T-cell recovery, possibly mediated by HCV-induced liver fibrosis and/or immune activation. As HCV direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) may partially reverse liver fibrosis and immune activation, sustained HCV virological response (SVR) may lead to improved CD4 recovery. We explored the effect of HCV DAA-induced SVR on CD4 recovery among patients living with both HCV and HIV, including those with poor CD4 recovery on antiretroviral therapy (immunological non-responders [INRs])...
January 25, 2024: HIV Medicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takayuki Miyamoto, Kazushi Izawa, Sho Masui, Atsue Yamazaki, Yuichi Yamasaki, Tadashi Matsubayashi, Mayuka Shiraki, Hidenori Ohnishi, Junko Yasumura, Kawabe Tomohiro, Takako Miyamae, Tomoyo Matsubara, Naoya Arakawa, Takashi Ishige, Takumi Takizawa, Asami Shimbo, Masaki Shimizu, Naoki Kimura, Yuichi Maeda, Yuta Maruyama, Tomonari Shigemura, Junichi Furuta, Satoshi Sato, Hiroshi Tanaka, Miharu Izumikawa, Masahiro Yamamura, Toshio Hasegawa, Hiroshi Kaneko, Yasuo Nakagishi, Naoko Nakano, Yasunori Iida, Tamaki Nakamura, Hiroyuki Wakiguchi, Takayuki Hoshina, Toshinao Kawai, Kosaku Murakami, Shuji Akizuki, Akio Morinobu, Koichiro Ohmura, Katsuhide Eguchi, Motoshi Sonoda, Masataka Ishimura, Kenji Furuno, Momoko Kashiwado, Masaaki Mori, Kimito Kawahata, Koremasa Hayama, Kumiko Shimoyama, Natsuko Sasaki, Taisuke Ito, Hiroaki Umebayashi, Tae Omori, Seiko Nakamichi, Tomotsune Dohmoto, Yasuyuki Hasegawa, Hisashi Kawashima, Shojiro Watanabe, Yuichiro Taguchi, Haruna Nakaseko, Naomi Iwata, Hiroki Kohno, Taiki Ando, Yasuhiko Ito, Yuko Kataoka, Takako Saeki, Utako Kaneko, Ayako Murase, Seira Hattori, Tomo Nozawa, Kenichi Nishimura, Reiji Nakano, Misa Watanabe, Masato Yashiro, Tomonori Nakamura, Toshihiko Komai, Kentaro Kato, Yoshitaka Honda, Eitaro Hiejima, Atsushi Yonezawa, Kazuhisa Bessho, Satoshi Okada, Osamu Ohara, Junko Takita, Takahiro Yasumi, Ryuta Nishikomori
OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical characteristics of patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) in Japan and evaluate the real-world efficacy and safety of interleukin (IL)-1 inhibitors, primarily canakinumab. METHODS: Clinical information was collected retrospectively, and serum concentrations of canakinumab and cytokines were analyzed. RESULTS: One-hundred-and-one patients were included, with 86 and 15 carrying heterozygous germline and somatic mosaic mutations, respectively...
January 25, 2024: Arthritis & Rheumatology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roberto Gonzalez-Martin, Pedro de Castro, Carmen Fernandez, Fernando Quintana, Alicia Quiñonero, Marcos Ferrando, Francisco Dominguez
Hydrosalpinx is a fluid occlusion and distension of the fallopian tubes, often resulting from pelvic inflammatory disease, which reduces the success of artificial reproductive technologies (ARTs) by 50%. Tubal factors account for approximately 25% of infertility cases, but their underlying molecular mechanisms and functional impact on other reproductive tissues remain poorly understood. This proteomic profiling study applied sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) to study hydrosalpinx cyst fluid and pre- and post-salpingectomy endometrial fluid...
January 12, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#33
REVIEW
Dania Nachira, Maria Teresa Congedo, Ettore D'Argento, Elisa Meacci, Jessica Evangelista, Carolina Sassorossi, Giuseppe Calabrese, Adriana Nocera, Khrystyna Kuzmych, Rosaria Santangelo, Guido Rindi, Stefano Margaritora
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Notably, the incidence of lung cancer among never-smokers, predominantly women, has been rising in recent years. Among the various implicated risk factors, human papilloma virus (HPV) may play a role in the development of NSCLC in a certain subset of patients. The prevalence of high-risk HPV-DNA within human neoplastic lung cells varies across the world; however, the carcinogenetic role of HPV in NSCLC has not been completely understood...
January 10, 2024: Life
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lishan Cai, Doenja M J Lambregts, Geerard L Beets, Monique Mass, Eduardo H P Pooch, Corentin Guérendel, Regina G H Beets-Tan, Sean Benson
The classification of extramural vascular invasion status using baseline magnetic resonance imaging in rectal cancer has gained significant attention as it is an important prognostic marker. Also, the accurate prediction of patients achieving complete response with primary staging MRI assists clinicians in determining subsequent treatment plans. Most studies utilised radiomics-based methods, requiring manually annotated segmentation and handcrafted features, which tend to generalise poorly. We retrospectively collected 509 patients from 9 centres, and proposed a fully automated pipeline for EMVI status classification and CR prediction with diffusion weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging...
January 22, 2024: NPJ Precision Oncology
#35
REVIEW
F Barbagallo, L Cucinella, L Tiranini, P Chedraui, A E Calogero, R E Nappi
Menopause is a cardiometabolic transition with many women experiencing weight gain and redistribution of body fat. Hormonal changes may affect also several dimensions of well-being, including sexual function, with a high rate of female sexual dysfunction (FSD), which displays a multifactorial etiology. The most important biological factors range from chronic low-grade inflammation, associated with hypertrophic adipocytes that may translate into endothelial dysfunction and compromised blood flow through the genitourinary system, to insulin resistance and other neuroendocrine mechanisms targeting the sexual response...
January 22, 2024: Climacteric: the Journal of the International Menopause Society
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yingqian Wang, Yujia Li, Yangling Qiu, Min Shen, Ling Wang, Jiangjuan Shao, Feng Zhang, Xuefen Xu, Zili Zhang, Mei Guo, Shizhong Zheng
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Development of fibrosis in chronic liver disease requires activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and leads to a poor outcome. Artesunate (Art) is an ester derivative of artemisinin that can induce ferroptosis in HSCs, and activated transcriptional factor 3 (ATF3) is an ATF/CREB transcription factor that is induced in response to stress. In this study, we examined the role of the Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1)/ATF3 axis in Art-induced ferroptosis in HSCs...
January 28, 2024: Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesca Scrimieri, Estella Bastian, Mindy Smith, Catherine A Rehm, Caryn Morse, Janaki Kuruppu, Mary McLaughlin, Weizhong Chang, Irini Sereti, Joseph A Kovacs, H Clifford Lane, Hiromi Imamichi
A subset of antiretroviral therapy-treated persons with HIV, referred to as immunological non-responders (INRs), fails to normalize CD4+ T-cell numbers. In a case-control study involving 26 INRs (CD4<250 cells/µL) and 25 immunological responders (IRs, CD4≥250 cells/µL), we evaluated the potential contribution of transcriptionally-competent "defective" HIV-1 proviruses to poor CD4+ T-cell recovery. Compared to the responders, the INRs had higher levels of cell-associated HIV-RNA (p=0.034) and higher percentages of HLA-DR+CD4+ T-cells (p<0...
January 16, 2024: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nuno R Freitas, Pedro M Vieira, Catarina Tinoco, Sara Anacleto, Jorge F Oliveira, A Ismael F Vaz, M Pilar Laguna, Estêvão Lima, Carlos S Lima
Automatic diagnosis systems capable of handling multiple pathologies are essential in clinical practice. This study focuses on enhancing precise lesion localization, classification and delineation in transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) to reduce cancer recurrence. Despite deep learning models success, medical applications face challenges like small and limited datasets and poor image characterization, including the absence lack of color/texture modeling. To address these issues, three solutions are proposed: (1) an improved texture-constrained version of the pix2pixHD cGAN for data augmentation, addressing the tradeoff of generating high-quality images with enough stochasticity using the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) measure...
January 2024: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gürkan Uncu, Kiper Aslan, Cihan Cakir, Berrin Avci, Isil Kasapoglu, Carlo Alviggi
BACKGROUND: An unexpected impaired ovarian response pertains to an insufficient reaction to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. This deficient reaction is identified by a reduced count of mature follicles and retrieved oocytes during an IVF cycle, potentially diminishing the likelihood of a successful pregnancy. This research seeks to examine whether the characteristics of antral follicles can serve as predictive indicators for the unexpected impaired ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS)...
January 2, 2024: Journal of Ovarian Research
#40
John Carucci, Nicolas Coudray, Michelle Juarez, Maressa Criscito, Adalberto Quiros, Reason Wilken, Stephanie Jackson Cullison, Mary Stevenson, Nicole Doudican, Ke Yuan, Jamie Aquino, Daniel Klufas, Jeffrey North, Siegrid Yu, Fadi Murad, Emily Ruiz, Chrysalyne Schmults, Aristotelis Tsirigos
Primary cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is responsible for ~ 10,000 deaths annually in the United States. Stratification of risk of poor outcome (PO) including recurrence, metastasis and disease specific death (DSD) at initial biopsy would significantly impact clinical decision-making during the initial post operative period where intervention has been shown to be most effective.. In this multi-institutional study, we developed a state-of-the-art self-supervised deep-learning approach with interpretability power and demonstrated its ability to predict poor outcomes of cSCCs at the time of initial biopsy...
December 13, 2023: Research Square
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