Post-partum

BACKGROUND: Due to the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, especially in Low-Middle-Income Countries (LMIC), post-partum infections represent a significant treatment challenge. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature from January 2005 to February 2023 to quantify the frequency of maternal post-partum infections due to MDR pathogens in LMICs, focusing on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and/or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales...

BACKGROUND: The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on incident dementia is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between GDM and all-cause dementia and the mediating effects of chronic diseases on this relationship. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included women from the UK Biobank who were grouped based on GDM history. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to explore the associations between GDM and dementia. We further analysed the mediating effects of chronic diseases on this relationship and the interactions of covariates...

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the provision of obstetrical care. This mixed-methods study explores pregnant women's experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic using an explanatory sequential design. The experiences and opinions of obstetrical patients were elicited using an online questionnaire and semi-structured interview as a follow-up. There were 162 completed questionnaires, and 17 interviews. Qualitative analysis themes included worries about the intrapartum experience, impact on partners, and lack of postpartum support for breastfeeding and mental health...

Cancer during pregnancy is defined as a tumor diagnosed in a pregnant woman or up to 1-year post-partum. While being a rare disease, cervical cancer is probably one of the most challenging medical conditions, with the dual stake of treating the cancer without compromising its chances for cure, while preserving the pregnancy and the health of the fetus and child. To date, guidelines for gynecological cancers are provided through international consensus meetings with expert panels, giving insights on both diagnosis, treatment, and obstetrical care...

During pregnancy and in the post-partum period, several diseases may arise or become exacerbated. Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease with an increasing incidence in Western countries. The incidence of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy is not different with respect to the general population, but this incidence increases in the first 2 years after delivery. Biliary sludge and stones are the most frequent aetiologies, followed by hypertriglyceridemia. Taking care of the mother and foetus through a potentially severe disease requires a team consisting of an obstetrician, a gastroenterologist, an anaesthesiologist, and a surgeon...

OBJECTIVE: This study explores the impact of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI on infant neurodevelopment at 24 months in low-income Latino families. It also investigates whether infant diet mediates this relationship. METHODS: Latino mother-infant pairs (n = 163) were enrolled at 1 month post partum and were followed for 2 years, with assessments at 6-month intervals. Maternal pre-pregnancy anthropometrics were self-reported at baseline, and child neurodevelopment was assessed at 24 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development...

BACKGROUND: Standardization of procedures improves outcomes. Though systematic reviews have summarized the evidence-based steps (EBS) of cesarean delivery (CD), their bundled implementation has not been investigated. OBJECTIVE: In this pre- and post-implementation trial, we sought to ascertain if bundled EBS of CD, compared to surgeon's preference, improves outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: A StaRI (Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies) compliant, multi-center pre- and post-implementation trial at 4 teaching hospitals was conducted...

BACKGROUND: Weight retention during the post-partum period is associated with excessive weight gain. OBJECTIVES: To investigate factors associated with maternal weight retention at six months post-partum (PPWR). DESIGN AND SETTING: A prospective cohort study was conducted with 127 women monitored using prenatal services. METHODS: The outcome variable was represented by post-partum maternal weight retention and calculated as the difference between the mother's weight at sixth month post-partum and her pregestational weight...

BACKGROUND: Maintenance rates of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) worldwide are low, thus, one of the objectives of the summary of policies on breastfeeding (BF) in world nutrition goals for 2025 are that at least 50% of infants under six months of age receive EBF that year. The Objective of this study is to document the rates of EBF in children born in San Ignacio University Hospital (HUSI) and identify factors associated with maintenance. AIM: To document the percentages of EBF in those that were born at HUSI and identify factors associated to their maintenance...

Introduction: A substantial percentage of patients undergoing bariatric surgery are of childbearing age. Pregnancy outcomes after bariatric surgery are known. However, there are limited data on the impact of pregnancy on weight loss after surgery. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the effects of pregnancy on post-bariatric surgery weight loss trajectories (WLTs) and to determine the association with age and initial weight. Methods: All who had primary bariatric surgeries (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve) between September 2015 and July 2020 were classified into two groups: post-surgery gravid (GG) and post-surgery non-gravid (NG)...

Background Around half of the pregnant women in India do not receive full antenatal care. During the year 2020, routine health services were further affected by COVID-19. This study was conducted to assess the effect of the pandemic on the delivery/utilization of reproductive, maternal, newborn, child health, and adolescent (RMNCH+A) services. Methodology The study, conducted in Wardha district, Maharashtra, from July to December 2020, aimed to assess maternal health. In Wardha block, 200 pregnant and postnatal women were surveyed using a multistage sampling approach...

OBJECTIVE: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with obstetrical and long-term cardiovascular complications. While platelet hyperresponsiveness in type-2 diabetes mellitus has been well-characterized and shown to play a crucial role in cardiovascular complications, this aspect has been little studied in GDM. We aimed to evaluate platelet reactivity, in vivo platelet activation, and endothelial function in GDM compared with normal pregnancy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Prospective case-control study including 23 GDM and 23 healthy pregnant (HP) women studied at 26-28, 34-36 weeks of gestation and 8 weeks post-partum...

BACKGROUND: Post-partum rectus diastasis, or the separation of the abdominal muscles after pregnancy, occurs in conjunction with physical symptoms and impaired quality of life. In Australia, health funding for surgery to treat diastasis was ceased in 2016, but reinstated in mid-2022, providing a unique context from which women's experiences of this condition can be analysed. OBJECTIVES: The objective is to examine the experiences of Australian women with post-partum rectus diastasis...

INTRODUCTION: During the postpartum period, parents face psychological challenges and consequently, changes in mood and associated mood disorders have become increasingly prevalent in the 6-months following birth. Dietary flavonoids have been found to benefit mood and are therefore an appealing non-pharmacological option for potentially treating mood disorders in the postpartum. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a two-week dietary flavonoid intervention would improve mothers' and fathers' mental health in the immediate 6-month postpartum period...

Poor nutrition and food insecurity are drivers of poor health, diet-related diseases, and health disparities in the U.S. State Medicaid Section 1115 demonstration waivers offer opportunities to pilot food-based initiatives to address health outcomes and disparities. Several states are now leveraging 1115 demonstrations, but the scope and types of utilization remain undefined. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic analysis of state Medicaid Section 1115 applications and approvals available on Medicaid...

BACKGROUND: This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the associations between gestational weight gain (GWG) and long-term postpartum maternal weight gain, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and the risk of general and abdominal obesity, beyond motherhood (some 27 y after childbirth). METHODS: Participants were 1953 women enrolled in the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy cohort study that started in the early 1980 s, with the most recent follow-up at 27 y postpartum...

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of a phone reminder to improve adherence to post-partum glucose tolerance testing in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and to identify clinical predictors of adherence to post-partum follow-up. METHODS: Retrospective study including 543 women with GDM. We assessed the adherence rate to post-partum glucose tolerance testing in women who received a phone reminder (n = 297) compared to women not alerted (n = 246)...

IMPORTANCE: Lack of respectful maternity care may be a key factor associated with disparities in maternal health. However, mistreatment during childbirth has not been widely documented in the US. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of mistreatment by health care professionals during childbirth among a representative multistate sample and to identify patient characteristics associated with mistreatment experiences. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used representative survey data collected from respondents to the 2020 Pregnancy Risk and Monitoring System in 6 states and New York City who had a live birth in 2020 and participated in the Postpartum Assessment of Health Survey at 12 to 14 months' post partum...

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Background: The United States has high and increasing rates of maternal morbidity and mortality, large proportions of which are related to cardiovascular health (CVH). Methods: We searched for National Institutes of Health (NIH) supported research as well as that of two other Agencies in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) for fiscal years (FY) 2016-2021. Grants included maternal health conditions or exposures across all pregnancy stages, but excluded grants that focused entirely on birth, neonatal, infant/childhood outcomes...