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Zhaoquan Wang, Allie Lipshutz, Zong-Lin Liu, Alissa J Trzeciak, Isabella C Miranda, Celia Martínez de la Torre, Tanya Schild, Tomi Lazarov, Waleska Saitz Rojas, Pedro H V Saavedra, Jesús E Romero-Pichardo, Ann Baako, Frederic Geissmann, Giuseppe Faraco, Li Gan, Jon Iker Etchegaray, Christopher D Lucas, Christopher N Parkhurst, Melody Y Zeng, Kayvan R Keshari, Justin S A Perry
Despite the success of fructose as a low-cost food additive, recent epidemiological evidence suggests that high fructose consumption by pregnant mothers or during adolescence is associated with disrupted neurodevelopment 1-7 . An essential step in appropriate mammalian neurodevelopment is the synaptic pruning and elimination of newly-formed neurons by microglia, the central nervous system's (CNS) resident professional phagocyte 8-10 . Whether early life high fructose consumption affects microglia function and if this directly impacts neurodevelopment remains unknown...
August 15, 2023: bioRxiv
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ventsislav Boshnakov, Ivaylo Mitev, Stojan Lazarov, Dimitar Pechilkov, Beatrice Desnous, Fedoua El Louali, Loic Macé, Virginie Fouilloux, Marien Lenoir
INTRODUCTION: Homografts and bovine jugular vein are the most commonly used conduits for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction at the time of primary repair of truncus arteriosus. METHODS: We reviewed all truncus patients from 1990 to 2020 in two mid-volume centers. Inclusion criteria were primary repair, age under one year, and implantation of either homograft or bovine jugular vein. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate survival, freedom from reoperation on right ventricular outflow tract, and freedom from right ventricular outflow tract reoperation or catheter intervention...
August 4, 2023: Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karekin D Esmeryan, Yuliyan Lazarov, Teodor Grakov, Yulian I Fedchenko, Lazar G Vergov, Stefan Staykov
The facile real-time monitoring of methyl content in fermented beverages is of fundamental significance in the alcohol and restaurant industry, since as little as 4 mL of methanol entering the blood may cause intoxication or blindness. So far, the practical applicability of available methanol sensors, including the piezoresonance analogs, is somewhat limited to laboratory use due to the complexity and bulkiness of the measuring equipment involving multistep procedures. This article introduces a hydrophobic metal-phenolic film-coated quartz crystal microbalance (MPF-QCM) as a novel streamlined detector of methanol in alcoholic drinks...
June 20, 2023: Micromachines
#24
REVIEW
Tomi Lazarov, Sergio Juarez-Carreño, Nehemiah Cox, Frederic Geissmann
Embryo-derived tissue-resident macrophages are the first representatives of the haematopoietic lineage to emerge in metazoans. In mammals, resident macrophages originate from early yolk sac progenitors and are specified into tissue-specific subsets during organogenesis-establishing stable spatial and functional relationships with specialized tissue cells-and persist in adults. Resident macrophages are an integral part of tissues together with specialized cells: for instance, microglia reside with neurons in brain, osteoclasts reside with osteoblasts in bone, and fat-associated macrophages reside with white adipocytes in adipose tissue...
June 2023: Nature
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Doron Amsalem, Chana T Fisch, Melanie Wall, C Jean Choi, Amit Lazarov, John C Markowitz, Mariah LeBeau, Melissa Hinds, Kip Thompson, Prudence W Fisher, Thomas E Smith, Sidney H Hankerson, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Lisa B Dixon, Yuval Neria
OBJECTIVE: Emerging cross-sectional data indicate that essential workers in the COVID-19 era face increased mental health risks. This study longitudinally examined clinical symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among U.S. essential workers, including health care workers and workers in indispensable occupations such as manufacturing, food industry, construction, transportation, hospitality, and emergency services, during the COVID-19 pandemic...
April 12, 2023: Psychiatric Services: a Journal of the American Psychiatric Association
#26
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Gal Arad, Omer Azriel, Daniel S Pine, Amit Lazarov, Omer Sol, Mark Weiser, Eddie Garber, Miki Bloch, Yair Bar-Haim
OBJECTIVE: Social anxiety disorder is common and impairing. The efficacy of pharmacotherapy is moderate, highlighting the need for alternative therapies. This study compared the efficacy of gaze-contingent music reward therapy (GC-MRT), an eye-tracking-based attention bias modification treatment, with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment or a waiting list control condition in reducing social anxiety disorder symptoms. Superior clinical effects of similar magnitude were expected for the active treatments relative to the control condition...
May 1, 2023: American Journal of Psychiatry
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Milen Hristov, Lyudmil Lazarov
Leptin is an adipokine that regulates energy balance and immune function. Peripheral leptin administration elicits prostaglandin E₂-dependent fever in rats. The gasotransmitters nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) are also involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever response. However, there is no data in the literature indicating if these gasotransmitters have a role in leptin-induced fever response. Here, we investigate the inhibition of NO and H₂S enzymes neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) in leptin-induced fever response, respectively...
February 2023: Journal of Thermal Biology
#28
REVIEW
Evgenia Salta, Orly Lazarov, Carlos P Fitzsimons, Rudolph Tanzi, Paul J Lucassen, Se Hoon Choi
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) drops sharply during early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), via unknown mechanisms, and correlates with cognitive status in AD patients. Understanding AHN regulation in AD could provide a framework for innovative pharmacological interventions. We here combine molecular, behavioral, and clinical data and critically discuss the multicellular complexity of the AHN niche in relation to AD pathophysiology. We further present a roadmap toward a better understanding of the role of AHN in AD by probing the promises and caveats of the latest technological advancements in the field and addressing the conceptual and methodological challenges ahead...
February 2, 2023: Cell Stem Cell
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aashutosh U Shetti, Abhirami Ramakrishnan, Liudmila Romanova, Wenping Li, Khanh Vo, Ipsita Volety, Ishara Ratnayake, Terilyn Stephen, Richard D Minshall, Stephanie M Cologna, Orly Lazarov
Patients with type 2 diabetes exhibit severe impairments in insulin signaling in the brain and are 5-times more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease. However, what leads to these impairments is not fully understood. Here, we show reduced expression of endothelial cell caveolin-1 (Cav-1) in the db/db (Leprdb) mouse model of type-2 diabetes. This reduction correlated with alterations in insulin receptor expression and signaling in brain microvessels as well as brain parenchyma. These findings were recapitulated in the brains of endothelial cell-specific Cav-1 knock-out (Tie2Cre; Cav-1fl/fl) mice...
February 3, 2023: Brain
#30
REVIEW
Dana Basel, Hadar Hallel, Reuven Dar, Amit Lazarov
INTRODUCTION: Cognitive models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) implicate heightened attention allocation to stimuli related to one's obsessions in the disorder. Recently, to overcome several limitations of reaction time-based measures, eye-tracking methodology has been increasingly used in attentional research. METHODS: A meta-analysis of studies examining attention allocation towards OCD-related vs. neutral stimuli, using eye-tracking methodology and a group-comparison design, was conducted conforming to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines...
January 4, 2023: Journal of Affective Disorders
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Danyel Lee, Jérémie Le Pen, Ahmad Yatim, Beihua Dong, Yann Aquino, Masato Ogishi, Rémi Pescarmona, Estelle Talouarn, Darawan Rinchai, Peng Zhang, Magali Perret, Zhiyong Liu, Iolanda Jordan, Sefika Elmas Bozdemir, Gulsum Iclal Bayhan, Camille Beaufils, Lucy Bizien, Aurelie Bisiaux, Weite Lei, Milena Hasan, Jie Chen, Christina Gaughan, Abhishek Asthana, Valentina Libri, Joseph M Luna, Fabrice Jaffré, H-Heinrich Hoffmann, Eleftherios Michailidis, Marion Moreews, Yoann Seeleuthner, Kaya Bilguvar, Shrikant Mane, Carlos Flores, Yu Zhang, Andrés A Arias, Rasheed Bailey, Agatha Schlüter, Baptiste Milisavljevic, Benedetta Bigio, Tom Le Voyer, Marie Materna, Adrian Gervais, Marcela Moncada-Velez, Francesca Pala, Tomi Lazarov, Romain Levy, Anna-Lena Neehus, Jérémie Rosain, Jessica Peel, Yi-Hao Chan, Marie-Paule Morin, Rosa Maria Pino-Ramirez, Serkan Belkaya, Lazaro Lorenzo, Jordi Anton, Selket Delafontaine, Julie Toubiana, Fanny Bajolle, Victoria Fumadó, Marta L DeDiego, Nadhira Fidouh, Flore Rozenberg, Jordi Pérez-Tur, Shuibing Chen, Todd Evans, Frédéric Geissmann, Pierre Lebon, Susan R Weiss, Damien Bonnet, Xavier Duval, Qiang Pan-Hammarström, Anna M Planas, Isabelle Meyts, Filomeen Haerynck, Aurora Pujol, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Clifford L Dalgard, Jacinta Bustamante, Anne Puel, Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis, Bertrand Boisson, Tom Maniatis, Qian Zhang, Paul Bastard, Luigi Notarangelo, Vivien Béziat, Rebeca Perez de Diego, Carlos Rodriguez-Gallego, Helen C Su, Richard P Lifton, Emmanuelle Jouanguy, Aurélie Cobat, Laia Alsina, Sevgi Keles, Elie Haddad, Laurent Abel, Alexandre Belot, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Charles M Rice, Robert H Silverman, Shen-Ying Zhang, Jean-Laurent Casanova
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare and severe condition that follows benign COVID-19. We report autosomal recessive deficiencies of OAS1 , OAS2 , or RNASEL in five unrelated children with MIS-C. The cytosolic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-sensing OAS1 and OAS2 generate 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylates (2-5A) that activate the single-stranded RNA-degrading ribonuclease L (RNase L). Monocytic cell lines and primary myeloid cells with OAS1, OAS2, or RNase L deficiencies produce excessive amounts of inflammatory cytokines upon dsRNA or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) stimulation...
February 10, 2023: Science
#32
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Hadar Dikstein, Tal Gilon-Mann, Roni Halevi-Yosef, Adi Enoch-Levi, Sami Hamdan, Eitan Gur, Yair Bar Haim, Amit Lazarov, Janet Treasure, Daniel Stein
Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) display elevated anxiety and attention biases (ABs) in threat processing. Attention bias modification treatment (ABMT) is considered promising for anxiety disorders, but its potential for AN is limited. In this study, 154 young women hospitalised because of AN were assigned to ED-related and anxiety-related threat stimuli, or to a non-ABMT intervention control condition in a randomized control trial. Hundred-and-ten patients completed the study. ABMT was an add-on to the regular inpatient treatment...
March 2023: European Eating Disorders Review: the Journal of the Eating Disorders Association
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John R Keefe, Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez, Xi Zhu, Amit Lazarov, Ariel Durosky, Sara Such, Caroline Marohasy, Shmuel Lissek, Yuval Neria
BACKGROUND: Patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) tend to overgeneralize threat to safe stimuli, potentially reflecting aberrant stimuli discrimination. Yet, it is not clear whether threat overgeneralization reflects general discrimination deficits, or rather a specific bias related to aversive stimuli. Here we tested this question and characterized the neural correlates of threat discrimination. METHODS: One-hundred and eight participants (33 PTSD; 43 trauma-exposed controls; 32 healthy controls) completed an emotionally neutral complex shape discrimination task involving identifying in 42 similar pairs the previously observed shape; and an emotionally aversive discrimination task, involving providing risk ratings for an aversive conditioned stimulus (CS+), and for several stimuli gradually differing in size from the original CS+...
November 6, 2022: Depression and Anxiety
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Doron Amsalem, Melanie Wall, Amit Lazarov, John C Markowitz, Chana T Fisch, Mariah LeBeau, Melissa Hinds, Jun Liu, Prudence W Fisher, Thomas E Smith, Sidney Hankerson, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Yuval Neria, Lisa B Dixon
BACKGROUND: Despite an elevated risk of psychopathology stemming from COVID-19-related stress, many essential workers stigmatise and avoid psychiatric care. This randomised controlled trial was designed to compare five versions of a social-contact-based brief video intervention for essential workers, differing by protagonist gender and race/ethnicity. AIMS: We examined intervention efficacy on treatment-related stigma ('stigma') and openness to seeking treatment ('openness'), especially among workers who had not received prior mental healthcare...
September 16, 2022: BJPsych Open
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Doron Amsalem, Melanie Wall, Amit Lazarov, John C Markowitz, Chana T Fisch, Mariah LeBeau, Melissa Hinds, Jun Liu, Prudence W Fisher, Thomas E Smith, Sidney Hankerson, Roberto Lewis-Fernández, Lisa B Dixon, Yuval Neria
OBJECTIVE: Many health care workers avoid seeking mental health care, despite COVID-19-related increases in risk of psychopathology. This study assessed the effects of two versions (distinguished by the race of the protagonist) of a brief social contact-based video on treatment-seeking intention and stigma toward mental health services among U.S. health care workers. METHODS: Participants (N=1,402) were randomly assigned to view a 3-minute video in which a Black or White female nurse described struggles with COVID-19-related anxiety and depression, barriers to care, and how therapy helped, or to view a control video unrelated to mental health...
September 13, 2022: Psychiatric Services: a Journal of the American Psychiatric Association
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachana Mishra, Trongha Phan, Pavan Kumar, Zachery Morrissey, Muskan Gupta, Carolyn Hollands, Aashutosh Shetti, Kyra Lauren Lopez, Mark Maienschein-Cline, Hoonkyo Suh, Rene Hen, Orly Lazarov
Hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) mouse models. However, it is unknown whether new neurons play a causative role in memory deficits. Here, we show that immature neurons were actively recruited into the engram following a hippocampus-dependent task. However, their recruitment is severely deficient in FAD. Recruited immature neurons exhibited compromised spine density and altered transcript profile. Targeted augmentation of neurogenesis in FAD mice restored the number of new neurons in the engram, the dendritic spine density, and the transcription signature of both immature and mature neurons, ultimately leading to the rescue of memory...
September 5, 2022: Journal of Experimental Medicine
#37
REVIEW
Reuven Dar, Noam Sarna, Gal Yardeni, Amit Lazarov
People with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) tend to distrust their memory, perception, and other cognitive functions, and many OCD symptoms can be traced to diminished confidence in one's cognitive processes. For example, poor confidence in recall accuracy can cause doubt about one's memory and motivate repeated checking. At the same time, people with OCD also display performance deficits in a variety of cognitive tasks, so their reduced confidence must be evaluated in relation to their actual performance...
July 18, 2022: Psychological Medicine
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Todor V Kirov, Dimitrinka Y Atanasova, Nikolai E Lazarov
The enteric nervous system, a major subdivision of the autonomic nervous system, is known for its neurochemical heterogeneity and complexity. The myenteric plexus, one of its two principal components, primarily controls peristalsis and its dysfunction may lead to a number of gastrointestinal motility disorders. The myenteric neurons have been described to use a wide variety of neurotransmitters although no evidence has been reported for the existence of adrenergic neurons in the hindgut. This study aims at elucidating the chemical coding of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the rat colon and anorectal region with particular emphasis on cholinergic and the so-called nonadrenergic, noncholinergic (NANC) transmitter systems...
June 18, 2022: Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sigal Zilcha-Mano, Xi Zhu, Amit Lazarov, Benjamin Suarez-Jimenez, Liat Helpman, Yoojean Kim, Carly Maitlin, Yuval Neria, Bret R Rutherford
BACKGROUND: Studies have searched for neurobiological markers of trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis, and resilience to trauma to identify therapeutic targets for PTSD. Despite some promising results, findings are inconsistent. AIMS: The present study adopted a data-driven approach to systematically explore whether structural brain markers of trauma, PTSD, or resilience emerge when all are explored. MATERIALS & METHODS: Differences between clusters in the proportion of PTSD, healthy controls (HC), and trauma-exposed healthy controls (TEHC) served to indicate the presence of PTSD, trauma, and resilience markers, respectively...
October 2022: Depression and Anxiety
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Karekin D Esmeryan, Yulian I Fedchenko, Stanislav D Gyoshev, Yuliyan Lazarov, Todor A Chaushev, Teodor Grakov
Nowadays, the tremendous progress of nanotechnologies and materials science facilitates the fabrication of universal and multifunctional superhydrophobic surfaces on a large scale. Yet, integrating icephobic and anti-bioadhesive properties in an individual water-repellent functional coating, for addressing the difficulties faced by cryobiologists, aircraft, and seacraft manufacturers, is quite tricky but feasible if using nonpolar soot nanoparticles, whose fragility, however, impedes their industrial applicability...
July 18, 2022: ACS Applied Bio Materials
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