THP-1 + inflammation

Introduction: A significant number of the South African population still rely on traditional medicines (TM) as their primary healthcare due to their belief in their holistic healing and immune-boosting properties. However, little to no scientific data is available on the effects of most TM products on cytokine and cellular biomarkers of the immune response. Here, we evaluated the impact of traditional medicine [Product Nkabinde (PN)] in inducing cellular and cytokine biomarkers of inflammation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from eight healthy volunteers...

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202419110-00029/figure1/v/2024-03-08T184507Z/r/image-tiff Our previous study has demonstrated that lnc_000048 is upregulated in large-artery atherosclerotic stroke and promotes atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. However, little is known about the role of lnc_000048 in classically activated macrophage (M1) polarization. In this study, we established THP-1-derived testing state macrophages (M0), M1 macrophages, and alternately activated macrophages (M2). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to verify the expression of marker genes and the expression of lnc_000048 in macrophages...

Particulate Matter (PM) is a complex and heterogeneous mixture of atmospheric particles recognized as a threat to human health. Oxidative Potential (OP) measurement is a promising and integrative method for estimating PM-induced health impacts since it is recognized as more closely associated with adverse health effects than ordinarily used PM mass concentrations. OP measurements could be introduced in the air quality monitoring, along with the parameters currently evaluated. PM deposition in the lungs induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage...

BACKGROUND: Irinotecan (CPT-11) is used as chemotherapeutic drug for treatment of colorectal cancer. However, without satisfactory treatments, its gastrointestinal toxicities such as diarrhea and intestinal inflammation severely restrained its clinical application. Roots of Aucklandia lappa Decne. are used as traditional Chinese medicine to relieve gastrointestinal dysfunction and dehydrocostus lactone (DHL) is one of its main active components. Nevertheless, the efficacy and mechanism of DHL against intestinal mucositis remains unclear...

Pirarubicin (THP) is one of the most commonly used antineoplastic drugs in clinical practice. However, its clinical application is limited due to its toxic and heart‑related side effects. It has been reported that oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis are closely associated with cardiotoxicity caused by pirarubicin (CTP). Additionally, it has also been reported that scutellarein (Sc) exerts anti‑inflammatory, antioxidant, cardio‑cerebral vascular protective and anti‑apoptotic properties...

Numerous natural compounds are recognized for their anti-inflammatory properties attributed to antioxidant effects and the modulation of key inflammatory factors. Among them, astaxanthin (AST), a potent carotenoid antioxidant, remains relatively underexplored regarding its anti-inflammatory mechanisms and specific molecular targets. In this study, human monocytic leukemia cell-derived macrophages (THP-1) were selected as experimental cells, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) served as inflammatory stimuli. Upon LPS treatment, the oxidative stress was significantly increased, accompanied by remarkable cellular damage...

Two lipoglycans, lipomannan (LM) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM), play various, albeit incompletely defined, roles in the interactions of mycobacteria with the host. Growing evidence points to the modification of LM and LAM with discrete covalent substituents as a strategy used by these bacteria to modulate their biological activities. One such substituent, originally identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ), is a 5-methylthio-d-xylose (MTX) sugar, which accounts for the antioxidative properties of LAM...

BACKGROUND: Organomodified nanoclays (ONC), two-dimensional montmorillonite with organic coatings, are increasingly used to improve nanocomposite properties. However, little is known about pulmonary health risks along the nanoclay life cycle even with increased evidence of airborne particulate exposures in occupational environments. Recently, oropharyngeal aspiration exposure to pre- and post-incinerated ONC in mice caused low grade, persistent lung inflammation with a pro-fibrotic signaling response with unknown mode(s) of action...

Sepsis is a severe syndrome characterized by organ dysfunction, resulting from a systemic imbalance in response to infection. PAK1 plays a critical role in various diseases. The present study aimed to explore and delineate the mechanism of PAK1 in inflammation induced by sepsis. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to assess PAK1, snail, and CXCL2 expression in the whole blood of septic patients and the pathways enriched with PAK1. To simulate the sepsis model, THP-1 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is determinant to maintain cellular proteostasis. Upon unresolved ER stress, this organelle activates the unfolded protein response (UPR). Sustained UPR activates is known to occur in inflammatory processes, deeming the ER a potential molecular target for the treatment of inflammation. This work characterizes the inflammatory/UPR-related molecular machinery modulated by an in-house library of natural products, aiming to pave the way for the development of new selective drugs that act upon the ER to counter inflammation-related chronic diseases...

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic respiratory infectious disease and is induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection. Macrophages serve as the cellular home in immunoreaction against M.tb infection, which is tightly regulated through Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression. Therefore, this study is designed to explore the role and mechanism of TLR4 in mycobacterial injury in human macrophages (THP-1 cells) after M.tb infection. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using MTT, EdU, and flow cytometry assays...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, with intra-articular (IA) delivery of therapeutics being the current best option to treat pain and inflammation. However, IA delivery is challenging due to the rapid clearance of therapeutics from the joint and the need for repeated injections. Thus, there is a need for long-acting delivery systems that increase the drug retention time in joints with the capacity to penetrate OA cartilage. As pharmaceutical utility also demands that this is achieved using biocompatible materials that provide colloidal stability, our aim was to develop a nanoparticle (NP) delivery system loaded with the COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib that can meet these criteria...

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common acute inflammatory autoimmune connective tissue arthropathy. The genetic studies, tissue analyses, experimental animal models, and clinical investigations have confirmed that stromal tissue damage and pathology driven by RA mounts the chronic inflammation and dysregulated immune events. METHODS: We developed methotrexate (MTX)-loaded lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles (MTX-LPHNPs) and aceclofenac (ACE)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ACE-NLCs) for the efficient co-delivery of MTX and ACE via intravenous and transdermal routes, respectively...

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a disease characterised by the inflammation of the nasal and paranasal cavities. It is a widespread condition with considerable morbidity for patients. Current treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis consists of appropriate medical therapy followed by surgery in medically resistant patients. Although oral steroids are effective, they are associated with significant morbidity, and disease recurrence is common when discontinued. The development of additional steroid sparing therapies is therefore needed...

Innate immunity has considerable specificity and can discriminate between individual species of microbes. In this regard, pathogens are "seen" as dangerous to the host and elicit an inflammatory response capable of destroying the microbes. This immune discrimination is achieved by toll-like receptors on host cells recognizing pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus , and microbe-specific pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecules, such as lipoteichoic acid (LTA). PAMPs impede wound healing by lengthening the inflammatory phase of healing and contributing to the development of chronic wounds...

Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are a family of interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPases and play a pivotal role in the host immune response to microbial infections. These are upregulated in immune cells after recognizing the lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the major membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, the expression pattern of GBP1-7 was initially mapped in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-differentiated human monocytes THP-1 and mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 cell lines stimulated with LPS...

PURPOSE: Asthma can not be eradicated till now and its control primarily relies on the application of corticosteroids. Recently, glycolytic reprogramming has been reportedly contributed to asthma, this study aimed to reveal whether the effect of corticosteroids on asthma control is related to their regulation of glycolysis and glycolysis-dependent protein lactylation. METHODS: Ovalbumin (OVA) aeroallergen was used to challenge mice and stimulate human macrophage cell line THP-1 following dexamethasone (DEX) treatment...

In the immune system, the detection of pathogens through various mechanisms triggers immune responses. Several types of specific programmed cell deaths play a role in the inflammatory reaction. This study emphasizes the inflammatory response induced by Actinomycetes . Actinomyces spp. are resident bacteria in human oral plaque and often serve as a bridge for pathogenic bacteria, which lack affinity to the tooth surface, aiding their colonization of the plaque. We aim to investigate the potential role of Actinomyces oris in the early stages of oral diseases from a new perspective...

BACKGROUND: Coagulopathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Hypercoagulability in COVID-19 results in deep vein thrombosis, thromboembolic complications, and diffuse intravascular coagulation. Microbiome dysbiosis influences the clinical course of COVID-19. However, the role of dysbiosis in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES: The present study tested the hypothesis that the microbiota-derived proapoptotic corisin is involved in the coagulation system activation during SARS-CoV-2 infection...

BACKGROUND: Given the high level of product complexity and limited regulatory guidance, designing and implementing appropriate potency assays is often the most challenging part of establishing a quality control testing matrix for a cell-based medicinal product. Among the most elusive tasks are the selection of suitable read-out parameters, the development of assay designs that most closely model the pathophysiological conditions, and the validation of the methods. Here we describe these challenges and how they were addressed in developing an assay that measures the anti-inflammatory potency of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in an M1 macrophage-dominated inflammatory environment...