Pediatric Hospital acquired condition

OBJECTIVES: In this matched cohort study using data from pediatric hospitals, we compared the incidence of hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) during clinical research hospitalizations to nonresearch hospitalizations. METHODS: Using Pediatric Health Information System data for inpatient discharges January 2017-June 2022, we matched research hospitalizations (identified by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, diagnosis code) to nonresearch hospitalizations within hospital on age (±3 y), sex, discharge year (±2), and All Patients Refined Diagnosis Related Groups classification, severity of illness (±1), and risk of mortality (±1)...

Hypernatremia is a severe, potentially life-threatening condition that can manifest with altered mental status, coma, seizure, and even death. Values above 190 mmol/L are seldom reported in young pediatric patients and often have poor outcomes. We present a case of severe chronic hypernatremia secondary to failure to thrive (FTT) in a toddler, which led to significant pathology including bilateral metabolic strokes. A 21-month-old female was found unresponsive and brought to the hospital. The patient's childhood was complicated by prematurity, poor weight gain, and persistent postprandial emesis...

INTRODUCTION: Childhood cancer is a life-threatening, chronic condition and treatment may extent for several years. The diagnosis of cancer in children could stress intensely their parents. AIM: To explore coping strategies utilized by Greek parents who have children with cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-five parents of children with cancer, admitted for treatment at the in-patient unit of a Paediatric Hospital in Athens completed a questionnaire with demographic and their children's disease related characteristics and the Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale...

Slow waves are an electrophysiological characteristic of non-rapid eye movement sleep and a marker of the restorative function of sleep. In certain pathological conditions, such as different types of epilepsy, slow-wave sleep is affected by epileptiform discharges forming so-called "spike-waves". Previous evidence shows that the overnight change in slope of slow waves during sleep is impaired under these conditions. However, these past studies were performed in a small number of patients, considering only short segments of the recording night...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes of patients discharged home following tracheostomy, including the timing and place of death for non-survivors. STUDY DESIGN: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of infants undergoing tracheostomy between 2006 and 2017, within the first year of life for congenital or acquired neonatal conditions. RESULTS: Of the 224 patients discharged after tracheostomy, 127 (57%) required home mechanical ventilation (MV)...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) has been increasing worldwide. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of MRSA in community-acquired S. aureus infections, the risk factors for CA-MRSA infection and the clinical features of CA-MRSA. METHODS: A multi-center study with prospective and retrospective sections was conducted. Patients ≥ 3 months old and ≤18 years of age who were diagnosed with community-acquired S...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections is increasing worldwide. Due to dearth of alternative antibiotics, prevention of infection transmission is a part of CRE infection management strategy. Early detection of CRE by active surveillance coupled with contact isolation is much more appropriate compared to contact isolation upon receipt of routine cultures dictated by the patient's clinical condition. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether active CRE surveillance will decrease CRE infection rates in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)...

PURPOSE: Pediatric trigger finger (PTF) is an acquired condition that is uncommon and anatomically complex. Currently, the literature is characterized by a small number of retrospective case series with limited sample sizes. This investigation sought to evaluate the presentation, management, and treatment outcomes of PTF in a large, multicenter cohort. METHODS: A retrospective review of pediatric patients with a diagnosis of PTF between 2009 and 2020 was performed at three tertiary referral hospitals...

BACKGROUND: Burkholderia cepacia ( B. cepacia ) is an emerging pathogen of nosocomial infection in pediatric patient carrying cystic fibrosis. The clinical diagnosis and treatment of B. cepacia infection remains poorly studied. This study outlined the risk factors, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clinical characteristics aiming to improve the treatment of B. cepacia infection. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted based on the 50 cases infection caused by B...

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common among children and can be fatal in certain conditions. In children, CAP can be caused by viral or bacterial infections. Identification of pathogens can help select appropriate therapeutic strategies. Salivary analysis may be a potential diagnostic tool because it is noninvasive, patient-friendly, and easy to perform in children. A prospective study was conducted in children with pneumonia admitted to a hospital. Salivary samples from patients with definite Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A strains were used for gel-free (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)) proteomics...

BACKGROUND: ICU-AW (Intensive Care Unit Acquired Weakness) is characterized by significant muscle weakness and can be caused by a variety of factors, including immobility, medication use, and underlying medical conditions.ICU-AW can affect critically ill children who have been hospitalized in the PICU for an extended period of time.The knowledge, attitude and practice level of ICU-AW of PICU medical staff directly affect the treatment of critically ill children with ICU-AW.The aim to this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Chinese medical staff regarding critically ill children with intensive care unit-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) and related factors...

OBJECTIVES: The progression of infant gross motor development during an acute hospitalization is unknown. Understanding gross motor skill acquisition in hospitalized infants with complex medical conditions is necessary to develop and evaluate interventions that may lessen delays. Establishing a baseline of gross motor abilities and skill development for these infants will guide future research. The primary purposes of this observational study were to: (1) describe gross motor skills of infants with complex medical conditions (n = 143) during an acute hospitalization and (2) evaluate the rate of change in gross motor skill development in a heterogenous group of hospitalized infants with prolonged length of stay (n = 45)...

BACKGROUND: Implementing an electronic health record (EHR) is one of the most disruptive operational tasks a health system can undergo. Despite anecdotal reports of adverse events around the time of EHR implementations, there is limited corroborating research, particularly in pediatrics. We utilized data from Solutions for Patient Safety (SPS), a network of 145+ children's hospitals that share data and protocols to reduce harm in pediatric care delivery, to study the impact of EHR implementations on patient safety...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Children with medical complexity (CMC) have significant chronic health conditions that involve congenital or acquired multisystem disease associated with medical fragility, functional limitations, dependence on technology, and high health care utilization. The objective of this study was to describe the indications, applications, and point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) findings in this population. METHODS: A descriptive study of POCUS scans performed for clinical purposes in CMC admitted to a single pediatric postacute care hospital...

OBJECTIVE: Families increasingly use online resources to acquire medical information about their child's condition with little understanding of the legitimacy of the source of information or of the information itself. We evaluate the quality and readability of online information related to positional head shape conditions and identify unmet needs for healthcare providers to improve online patient education. DESIGN: The search terms "flat head baby," "brachycephaly," and "plagiocephaly" were queried on the Google search engine and the first 20 websites for each were reviewed...

BACKGROUND: Children with community-acquired septic shock can rapidly deteriorate and die in acute-care hospitals. This study aimed to describe the mortality, timing, and risk factors in children with community-acquired septic shock. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study using a national inpatient database in Japan. The study population included children (age < 20 years) who were admitted to acute-care hospitals with a diagnosis of sepsis from July 2010 to March 2020, who were treated with antibiotics, and who were supported with vasoactive drugs within three days of hospitalization...

INTRODUCTION: This study identified the referral source for urgent short-stay admissions (SSAs) and compared characteristics of children with SSA stratified by different referral sources. METHODS: Routinely acquired data from urgent admissions to Scottish hospitals during 2015-2017 were linked to data held by the three referral sources: emergency department (ED), out-of-hours (OOH) service and general practice (GP). RESULTS: There were 171 039 admissions including 92 229 (54%) SSAs...

The integration of pediatric palliative care (PPC) should become a standard of care for all children with life-limiting and life-threatening illnesses. There are many barriers and misperceptions in pediatrics which hinder the early implementation of PPC. The aim of the study was to design starting points for the establishment of accessible PPC with early involvement of patients in a tertiary-level children's hospital. An intervention, presentation, and discussion on PPC were offered by the hospital PPC team to all employees in the hospital...

PURPOSE: To describe the prevalence and clinical characteristics of a large cohort of childhood glaucoma patients that presented to a tertiary Egyptian children's hospital using the childhood glaucoma research network (CGRN) classification. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients ≤ 14 years with a diagnosis of childhood glaucoma or glaucoma suspects who presented to Children's Hospital between January 2014 to December 2019 was conducted...

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an ophthalmologic condition that is one of the leading causes of preventable childhood blindness. Due to the premature nature of blood vessels in preterm infants, retinal vessels are prone to damage. The incidence of ROP ranges with great variation across countries, and this study aims to identify the incidence and its related risk factors. A compilation of studies investigating the incidence of ROP was acquired through the PubMed and Google Scholar databases with a full free text in English filter set...