Omega 3 artificial nutrition

OBJECTIVE: n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (contained in fish oil) have been shown to beneficially influence infection rate and clinical outcomes in surgical patients probably due to their immunomodulatory action. In contrast, study results of fish oil administration in critically ill patients are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the prevalence of nosocomial infections and clinical outcomes in medical and surgical critically ill patients...

IMPORTANCE: Enteral administration of immune-modulating nutrients (eg, glutamine, omega-3 fatty acids, selenium, and antioxidants) has been suggested to reduce infections and improve recovery from critical illness. However, controversy exists on the use of immune-modulating enteral nutrition, reflected by lack of consensus in guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether high-protein enteral nutrition enriched with immune-modulating nutrients (IMHP) reduces the incidence of infections compared with standard high-protein enteral nutrition (HP) in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients...

BACKGROUND: An immune-enhancing diet has been used to alter eicosanoid synthesis, cytokine production, and immune function in an attempt to limit the undesired immune reactions after injury from surgery. This prospective randomized study was designed to investigate the effect of preoperative immunonutrition on operative complications, and the participation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on T-cell differentiation in patients undergoing a severely stressful surgery. METHODS: The enrolled patients who were scheduled to undergo pancreatoduodenectomy were randomized into two groups...

In spite of the difficulties in delivering PUFA to ruminants, studies have generally indicated that the PUFA of the omega-6 (linoleic acid) and omega-3 [α-linolenic acid; eicosapentaenoic (EPA), C20:5 omega-3; docosahexaenoic (DHA), C22:6 omega-3] families are the most beneficial to improving reproduction in cows. The objectives were to determine if a diet enriched in α-linolenic acid (omega-3) or linoleic acid (omega-6) would influence milk production and composition, metabolic status, and reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows...

In most children with ADHD the cause of the disease is not exactly known, and its etiology is multifactorial. The conventional treatment is based on the combination of behavioral and psychological therapy and the pharmacotherapy. The pharmacotherapy has a high effectiveness in ADHD treatment, but it is often associated with undesirable side effects, such as: loss of appetite and weight, growth inhibition, abdominal pain, headaches, sleeping problems and increased blood pressure. In the recent years, much attention was devoted to the issue of an appropriate diet in this disease, especially when the standard pharmacotherapy is not effective...

Severe acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is one of the most frequent reasons for admission to the intensive care unit. Among the most frequent causes for admission are exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure with acute lung injury (ALI) or with criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These patients have a high risk of malnutrition due to the underlying disease, their altered catabolism and the use of mechanical ventilation...

Severe acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is one of the most frequent reasons for admission to the intensive care unit. Among the most frequent causes for admission are exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure with acute lung injury (ALI) or with criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). These patients have a high risk of malnutrition due to the underlying disease, their altered catabolism and the use of mechanical ventilation...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life threatening respiratory failure due to lung injury from a variety of precipitants. Pathologically ARDS is characterised by diffuse alveolar damage, alveolar capillary leakage, and protein rich pulmonary oedema leading to the clinical manifestation of poor lung compliance, severe hypoxaemia, and bilateral infiltrates on chest radiograph. Several aetiological factors associated with the development of ARDS are identified with sepsis, pneumonia, and trauma with multiple transfusions accounting for most cases...

Profound changes in perioperative management, namely "fast track surgery" have been recently proposed. This is a bundle of various techniques used for subjects undergoing elective operations that allows an improved well-being, faster recovery, shorter hospitalization and better outcome. From a nutritional point of view this new approach translates into a more rapid return of bowel function and thus to safely tolerate oral re-feeding within 1-3 days even after major operations. Nevertheless, the classic indications for perioperative artificial nutritional support remain valid but they should now apply only to a minority of patients...

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, degenerative eye diseases (age-related maculopathy (ARM), cataract, glaucoma) are the main causes of visual impairment and blindness, which contribute to disability in the elderly. Mainly three types of nutritional factors are investigated for their potential protection against eye ageing: antioxidants; lutein and zeaxanthin (carotenoids which accumulate specifically in the eye); omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Few epidemiological studies have been conducted in this field, particularly in Europe...

Lipids traditionally used in artificial nutrition are based on n-6 fatty acid-rich vegetable oils like soyabean oil. This may not be optimal because it may present an excessive supply of linoleic acid. One alternative to the use of soyabean oil is its partial replacement by fish oil, which contains n-3 fatty acids. These fatty acids influence inflammatory and immune responses and so may be useful in particular situations where those responses are not optimal. Fish oil-containing lipid emulsions have been used in parenteral nutrition in adult patients post-surgery (mainly gastrointestinal)...

BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of immunonutrition on reducing infectious complications are still poorly understood. This prospective randomized study was designed to determine whether immunonutrition influences the following factors: cell-mediated immunity, differentiation of T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells, interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4(+) helper T (Th17) cell response, and infectious complication rate after pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: Thirty patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy were divided into 3 groups...

PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: To outline recent findings concerning the efficacy of immunonutrients in patients undergoing surgery. RECENT FINDINGS: Surgery induces an inflammatory response that can become excessive and damaging in some patients. The major risk factors are pre-existing nutritional status and increasing levels of surgical stress. A range of nutrients, including several amino acids, antioxidant vitamins and minerals, omega-3 fatty acids, and nucleotides, are able to modulate inflammation and the associated oxidative stress, and maintain or improve immune function...

The ability to control the fatty acid content of the diet during early development is a crucial requirement for a one-generation model of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n3) deficiency. A hand feeding method using artificial rearing (AR) together with sterile, artificial milk was employed for feeding mice from postnatal day 2-15. The pups were fed an n-3 fatty acid adequate (3% alpha-linolenic acid (LNA; 18:3n3) + 1% 22:6n3) or a deficient diet (0.06% 18:3n3) with linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n6) as the only dietary source of essential fatty acids by AR along with a dam-reared control group (3...

Malnutrition concerns 20% of cancer patients. It is an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality. And nutritional support has to be integrated in anti-cancer treatment project, and could improve the prognosis and quality of life. Two axes in cancer cachexia care could be identified: nutritional and pharmacological. The first level of care includes dietetic counselling and oral nutritional supplements. When oral intakes are less 60% of needs, we have to use artificial nutrition, enteral if digestive tract is functional, otherwise parenteral nutrition...

Malnutrition increases post surgical morbimortality, hospital stance and economical costs. Possibilities of nutritional intervention in surgical patients are important. Early enteral nutrition is better than total parenteral nutrition in patients under surgery. Periroperaoty nutritional support must be administrated to patients with severe or middle undernutrition and will be under surgery, during 7-14 days before surgical intervention, if this intervention could be delayed. Total parenteral nutrition will be not used regularly in patients under mayor digestive surgical procedures...

Nutritional status assessment during the comprehensive management of patients treated for cancer is becoming increasingly necessary. Various data are currently available which show a relationship between the nutritional status and certain morbidity-mortality parameters. In contrast, there is a paucity of data concerning lung cancer. A relationship between survival and the nutritional status has been found in the literature, exclusively in advanced stages of lung cancer. Unlike that observed in oncological digestive tract surgery, where artificial nutrition is recommended preoperatively in severely malnourished patients, no link has been evidenced between postoperative morbidity and mortality and the preoperative nutritional status in lung surgery...

BACKGROUND: Previous trials have shown that perioperative immunonutrition could protect patients from infectious complications after gastrointestinal cancer operations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether perioperative immunonutrition decreases postoperative morbidity, especially infection complications, mortality and length of hospital stay in patients undergoing major gastrointestinal tract surgery. METHODS: One hundred patients with a planned elective operation for benign or malignant gastrointestinal illness were randomized into two groups: group 1) oral supplementation for five days before and five days after surgery with 900 mL/day of a formula enriched with arginine, gamma-3-fatty acid and RNA + liquid diet ad libitum on one and two postoperative day and then solid food (immunonutrition group; n = 50) or group 2) no artificial nutrition before and after surgery, on one and two postoperative day intravenous solution of 5% glucose and electrolytes and then normal diet (conventional group; n = 50)...

It is possible to identify risks or protective factors against dementia. Increased levels of homocysteine (HCY) and vitamin B deficiency, obesity and central adiposity in midlife are independent risk factors for the development of dementia. High dietary intake of antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids lower the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). The supplementation with single nutrients, like vitamin B, omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or antioxidants is generally not effective in lowering the risk of dementia or in slowing the progression of the disease...

The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on ovulation rate and litter size at day 27 post-mating in gilts. Estrous cycles were synchronized in crossbred gilts (n=48) using a progestin (Matrix; Intervet America Inc., Millsboro, DE, USA), fed at a rate of 15 mg/day for 18 days. Following progestin withdrawal, gilts were checked for estrus twice daily and mated by artificial insemination. At 27 days post-mating, gilts were killed and reproductive tracts collected and examined...