Andres Ramos-Fresnedo, Carlos Perez-Vega, Ricardo A Domingo, William P Cheshire, Erik H Middlebrooks, Sanjeet S Grewal
BACKGROUND: Motor cortex stimulation (MCS) was introduced in 1985 and has been tested extensively for different types of peripheral and central neuropathic pain syndromes (eg, central poststroke pain, phantom limb pain, trigeminal neuropathic pain, migraines, etc). The motor cortex can be stimulated through different routes, including subdural, epidural, and transcranial. OBJECTIVES: In this review, we discuss the current uses, surgical techniques, localization techniques, stimulation parameters, and clinical outcomes of patients who underwent chronic MCS for treatment-resistant pain syndromes...
February 2022: Neuromodulation: Journal of the International Neuromodulation Society