keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531872/cell-fate-conversion-of-intestinal-cells-in-adult-drosophila-midgut-by-depleting-a-single-transcription-factor
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xingting Guo, Chenhui Wang, Yongchao Zhang, Ruxue Wei, Rongwen Xi
The manipulation of cell identity by reprograming holds immense potential in regenerative medicine, but is often limited by the inefficient acquisition of fully functional cells. This problem can potentially be resolved by better understanding the reprogramming process using in vivo genetic models, which are currently scarce. Here we report that both enterocytes (ECs) and enteroendocrine cells (EEs) in adult Drosophila midgut show a surprising degree of cell plasticity. Depleting the transcription factor Tramtrack in the differentiated ECs can initiate Prospero-mediated cell transdifferentiation, leading to EE-like cells...
March 26, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496457/a-novel-protein-moat-prevents-ectopic-epithelial-folding-by-limiting-bazooka-par3-dependent-adherens-junctions
#2
Lingkun Gu, Rolin Sauceda, Jasneet Brar, Ferdos Fessahaye, Minsang Joo, Joan Lee, Jacqueline Nguyan, Marissa Teng, Mo Weng
UNLABELLED: Cortical myosin contraction and cell adhesion work together to promote tissue shape changes, but how they are modulated to achieve diverse morphogenetic outcomes remains unclear. Epithelial folding occurs via apical constriction, mediated by apical accumulation of contractile myosin engaged with adherens junctions, as in Drosophila ventral furrow formation. While levels of contractile myosin correlate with apical constriction, whether levels of adherens junctions modulate apical constriction is unknown...
March 10, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38448930/a-ctl%C3%A2-%C3%A2-lys-immune-function-maintains-insect-metamorphosis-by-preventing-gut-bacterial-dysbiosis-and-limiting-opportunistic-infections
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pei Xiong, Wen-Wen Wang, Xu-Sheng Liu, Yu-Feng Wang, Jia-Lin Wang
BACKGROUND: Gut bacteria are beneficial to the host, many of which must be passed on to host offspring. During metamorphosis, the midgut of holometabolous insects undergoes histolysis and remodeling, and thus risks losing gut bacteria. Strategies employed by holometabolous insects to minimize this risk are obscure. How gut bacteria affect host insects after entering the hemocoel and causing opportunistic infections remains largely elusive. RESULTS: We used holometabolous Helicoverpa armigera as a model and found low Lactobacillus load, high level of a C-type lectin (CTL) gene CD209 antigen-like protein 2 (CD209) and its downstream lysozyme 1 (Lys1) in the midgut of the wandering stage...
March 6, 2024: BMC Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38445520/role-of-cyp311a1-in-wing-development-of-drosophila-melanogaster
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xubo Zhang, Mengqi Liu, Andi Cheng, Bernard Moussian, Jianzhen Zhang, Wei Dong
Lipid homeostasis is crucial for growth and development of organisms. Several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) are involved in lipid metabolism. The function of Cyp311a1 in the anterior midgut as a regulator of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster has been demonstrated, as depletion of Cyp311a1 caused larval growth arrest that was partially rescued by supplying PE. In this study, we investigated the role of CYP311A1 in wing morphogenesis in Drosophila. Using the GAL4-UAS system, Cyp311a1 was selectively knocked down in the wing disc...
March 6, 2024: Insect Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38436545/inr-and-pi3k-maintain-intestinal-homeostasis-through-stat-egfr-and-notch-signaling-in-enteroblasts
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiewei Wang, Hongmei Xue, Xinyu Yi, Hyonil Kim, Yangguang Hao, Li Hua Jin
To maintain the integrity of the adult gut, the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells must be strictly controlled. Several signaling pathways control the proliferation and differentiation of Drosophila intestinal epithelial cells. Although the modulatory effects of insulin pathway components on cell proliferation have been characterized, their specific role in which cell type and how these components interact with other regulatory signaling pathways remain largely unclear. In this study, we found that InR/Pi3K has major functions in enteroblasts (EBs) that were not previously described...
March 4, 2024: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393197/exposure-to-the-natural-compound-climacostol-induces-cell-damage-and-oxidative-stress-in-the-fruit-fly-drosophila-melanogaster
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elisabetta Catalani, Kashi Brunetti, Simona Del Quondam, Silvia Bongiorni, Simona Picchietti, Anna Maria Fausto, Gabriele Lupidi, Enrico Marcantoni, Cristiana Perrotta, Gabriele Achille, Federico Buonanno, Claudio Ortenzi, Davide Cervia
The ciliate Climacostomum virens produces the metabolite climacostol that displays antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity on human and rodent tumor cells. Given its potential as a backbone in pharmacological studies, we used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to evaluate how the xenobiotic climacostol affects biological systems in vivo at the organismal level. Food administration with climacostol demonstrated its harmful role during larvae developmental stages but not pupation. The midgut of eclosed larvae showed apoptosis and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus demonstrating gastrointestinal toxicity...
January 24, 2024: Toxics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38360932/the-drosophila-znrf1-2-homologue-detour-interacts-with-hops-complex-and-regulates-autophagy
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shannon Nicolson, Jantina A Manning, Yoon Lim, Xin Jiang, Erica Kolze, Sonia Dayan, Ruchi Umargamwala, Tianqi Xu, Jarrod J Sandow, Andrew I Webb, Sharad Kumar, Donna Denton
Autophagy, the process of elimination of cellular components by lysosomal degradation, is essential for animal development and homeostasis. Using the autophagy-dependent Drosophila larval midgut degradation model we identified an autophagy regulator, the RING domain ubiquitin ligase CG14435 (detour). Depletion of detour resulted in increased early-stage autophagic vesicles, premature tissue contraction, and overexpression of detour or mammalian homologues, ZNRF1 and ZNRF2, increased autophagic vesicle size...
February 15, 2024: Communications Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38354814/are-bioplastics-safe-hazardous-effects-of-polylactic-acid-pla-nanoplastics-in-drosophila
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohamed Alaraby, Doaa Abass, Marinella Farre, Alba Hernández, Ricard Marcos
The expanded uses of bioplastics require understanding the potential health risks associated with their exposure. To address this issue, Drosophila melanogaster as a versatile terrestrial in vivo model was employed, and polylactic acid nanoplastics (PLA-NPLs), as a proxy for bioplastics, were tested as a material model. Effects were determined in larvae exposed for 4 days to different concentrations (25, 100, and 400 μg/mL) of 463.9 ± 129.4 nm PLA-NPLs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) approaches permitted the detection of PLA-NPLs in the midgut lumen of Drosophila larvae, interacting with symbiotic bacteria...
February 12, 2024: Science of the Total Environment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38329439/the-anti-aging-effect-of-vitamin-d-and-vitamin-d-receptor-in-drosophila-midgut
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joung-Sun Park, Hyun-Jin Na, Yung-Jin Kim
Adult stem cells are pivotal for maintaining tissue homeostasis, and their functional decline is linked to aging and its associated diseases, influenced by the niche cells' environment. Age- and cancer-related reduction of vitamin D and its receptor levels are well documented in human clinical studies. However, the mechanisms through which the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor pathway contributes to anti-aging and extends life expectancy are not well understood. In this study, we aimed to determine the protective role of the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor pathway in differentiated enterocytes (ECs) during intestinal stem cell (ISC) aging...
February 7, 2024: Aging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38329423/-cf-2-ii-alternative-splicing-isoform-regulates-the-expression-of-xenobiotic-tolerance-related-cytochrome-p450-cyp6cy22-in-aphis-gossypii-glover
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yaping Ding, Jianyi Li, Kunpeng Yan, Long Jin, Chengcheng Fan, Rui Bi, Haoran Kong, Yiou Pan, Qingli Shang
The expression of P450 genes is regulated by trans -regulatory factors or cis -regulatory elements and influences how endogenous or xenobiotic substances are metabolized in an organism's tissues. In this study, we showed that overexpression of the cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6CY22 , led to resistance to cyantraniliprole in Aphis gossypii . The expression of CYP6CY22 increased in the midgut and remaining carcass of the CyR strain, and after repressing the expression of CYP6CY22 , the mortality of cotton aphids increased 2...
February 8, 2024: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38311220/the-zinc-finger-protein-cg12744-regulates-intestinal-stem-cells-in-aged-drosophila-through-the-egfr-and-bmp-pathways
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiewei Wang, Xianhao Li, Xiaoran Wang, Chengcheng Zhang, Yangguang Hao, Li Hua Jin
AIM: Aging is a process characterized by a time-dependent decline in the functionality of adult stem cells and is closely associated with age-related diseases. However, understanding how aging promotes disease and its underlying causes is critical for combating aging. MAIN METHODS: The offspring of UAS-Gal4 and CG12744RNAi Drosophila were cultured for 33 days to evaluate the role of CG12744 in the aging intestine. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect specific cell type markers for assessing proliferation and differentiation...
February 2, 2024: Life Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38291565/functional-characterization-of-cyp6qe1-and-cyp6fv21-in-resistance-to-%C3%AE-cyhalothrin-and-imidacloprid-in-bradysia-odoriphaga
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chunni Zhang, Yao Li, Tian Qiu, Yuan Wang, Hao Wang, Kaihua Wang, Wu Dai
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) belong to a family of metabolic enzymes that are involved in the detoxification of insecticides. In this study, our bioassay results showed that a field-collected population of Bradysia odoriphaga displayed a moderate resistance to λ-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid. Compared to susceptible population, CYP6QE1 and CYP6FV21 were significantly overexpressed in the field population. The expression of CYP6QE1 and CYP6FV21 was more abundant in the third and fourth larval stages, and CYP6QE1 and CYP6FV21 were most highly expressed in the midgut and Malpighian tubules...
January 30, 2024: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38278285/characterization-and-identification-of-the-insc-gal4-driver-that-marks-distinct-cell-types-in-the-drosophila-midgut
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Akanksha Pandey, Jagat Kumar Roy
Drosophila geneticists frequently employ the binary GAL4-UAS system of conditional gene expression to direct expression of the desired transgene in tissues of interest. The inscuteable -GAL4 driver (insc-GAL4) expresses in the type 1 and type 2 neuroblasts of Drosophila larval brain, a frequent target tissue in many investigations. This GAL4 line additionally displayed its expression in the midgut. In this study, we examined the expression of the UAS-mCD8GFP reporter under the command of the insc-GAL4 driver and observed that this driver expresses exclusively to intestinal stem cells (ISCs) of the Drosophila adult midgut as well as adult midgut precursors (AMPs) of the larval midgut besides its expression in larval brain...
January 24, 2024: Experimental Cell Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38187749/piezo-initiates-transient-production-of-collagen-iv-to-repair-damaged-basement-membranes
#14
Aubrie M Stricker, M Shane Hutson, Andrea Page-McCaw
Basement membranes are sheets of extracellular matrix separating tissue layers and providing mechanical support. Their mechanical properties are determined largely by their most abundant protein, Collagen IV (Col4). Although basement membranes are repaired after damage, little is known about how. To wit, since basement membrane is extracellular it is unknown how damage is detected, and since Col4 is long-lived it is unknown how it is regulated to avoid fibrosis. Using the basement membrane of the adult Drosophila midgut as a model, we show that repair is distinct from maintenance...
December 23, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38180839/the-adhesion-g-protein-coupled-receptor-mayo-cg11318-controls-midgut-development-in-drosophila
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fernando Vieira Contreras, Genevieve M Auger, Lena Müller, Vincent Richter, Wolf Huetteroth, Florian Seufert, Peter W Hildebrand, Nicole Scholz, Andreas S Thum, Dmitrij Ljaschenko, Beatriz Blanco-Redondo, Tobias Langenhan
Adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) form a large family of cell surface molecules with versatile tasks in organ development. Many aGPCRs still await their functional and pharmacological deorphanization. Here, we characterized the orphan aGPCR CG11318/mayo of Drosophila melanogaster and found it expressed in specific regions of the gastrointestinal canal and anal plates, epithelial specializations that control ion homeostasis. Genetic removal of mayo results in tachycardia, which is caused by hyperkalemia of the larval hemolymph...
January 4, 2024: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38127988/dhr96-1-mutation-and-maternal-tudor-1-mutation-increase-life-span-and-reduce-the-beneficial-effects-of-mifepristone-in-mated-female-drosophila
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gary N Landis, Hans S Bell, Oscar Peng, Brett Bognar, Andy Tong, Tomás D Manea, Hanmei Bao, Xianlin Han, John Tower
Mating and receipt of male Sex Peptide hormone cause increased egg laying, increased midgut size and decreased life span in female Drosophila. Feeding mated females with the synthetic steroid mifepristone decreases egg production, reduces midgut size, and increases life span. Here, several gene mutations were assayed to investigate possible mechanisms for mifepristone action. Drosophila Dhr96 is a hormone receptor, and a key positive regulator of midgut lipid uptake and metabolism. Dhr96[1] null mutation increased female life span, and reduced the effects of mifepristone on life span, suggesting that Dhr96[1] mutation and mifepristone may act in part through the same mechanism...
2023: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38096823/eclosion-muscles-secrete-ecdysteroids-to-initiate-asymmetric-intestinal-stem-cell-division-in-drosophila
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Song Zhang, Song Wu, Ruining Yao, Xueying Wei, Benjamin Ohlstein, Zheng Guo
During organ development, tissue stem cells first expand via symmetric divisions and then switch to asymmetric divisions to minimize the time to obtain a mature tissue. In the Drosophila midgut, intestinal stem cells switch their divisions from symmetric to asymmetric at midpupal development to produce enteroendocrine cells. However, the signals that initiate this switch are unknown. Here, we identify the signal as ecdysteroids. In the presence of ecdysone, EcR and Usp promote the expression of E93 to suppress Br expression, resulting in asymmetric divisions...
December 8, 2023: Developmental Cell
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38057529/tubular-tracking-in-toto-deformations-of-dynamic-tissues-via-constrained-maps
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Noah P Mitchell, Dillon J Cislo
A common motif in biology is the arrangement of cells into tubes, which further transform into complex shapes. Traditionally, analysis of dynamic tissues has relied on inspecting static snapshots, live imaging of cross-sections or tracking isolated cells in three dimensions. However, capturing the interplay between in-plane and out-of-plane behaviors requires following the full surface as it deforms and integrating cell-scale motions into collective, tissue-scale deformations. Here, we present an analysis framework that builds in toto maps of tissue deformations by following tissue parcels in a static material frame of reference...
December 6, 2023: Nature Methods
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38041821/a-live-imaging-protocol-for-tracking-intestinal-stem-cell-divisions-in-the-drosophila-melanogaster-pupal-midgut
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Song Wu, Ruizhi Tang, Benjamin Ohlstein, Zheng Guo
Establishing a long-term ex vivo observation of the intestinal stem cell (ISC) is crucial to help understand the formation and homeostasis of the intestinal epithelium. Here, we present a protocol for tracking the division of Drosophila pupal ISCs during pupal midgut development. We describe steps for dissecting, mounting, and live imaging the pupal midgut. We then detail procedures for fluorescence quantification of each cell. This protocol can be applied to other fluorescently tagged proteins. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Wu et al...
December 1, 2023: STAR protocols
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37978413/aedes-aegypti-microbiome-composition-covaries-with-the-density-of-wolbachia-infection
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jane Pascar, Henry Middleton, Steve Dorus
BACKGROUND: Wolbachia is a widespread bacterial endosymbiont that can inhibit vector competency when stably transinfected into the mosquito, Aedes aegypti, a primary vector of the dengue virus (DENV) and other arboviruses. Although a complete mechanistic understanding of pathogen blocking is lacking, it is likely to involve host immunity induction and resource competition between Wolbachia and DENV, both of which may be impacted by microbiome composition. The potential impact of Wolbachia transinfection on host fitness is also of importance given the widespread release of mosquitos infected with the Drosophila melanogaster strain of Wolbachia (wMel) in wild populations...
November 17, 2023: Microbiome
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