Transfusion Pediatric ARDS

INTRODUCTION: Transfusion may increase the risk of organ failure through immunomodulatory effects. The primary objective of this study was to assess for patient or transfusion-related factors that are independently associated with the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a cohort of children with life-threatening bleeding from all etiologies. METHODS: In a secondary analysis of the prospective observational massive transfusion in children (MATIC) study, multivariable logistic regression was performed in an adjusted analysis to determine if blood product ratios or deficits were independently associated with AKI or ARDS in children with life-threatening bleeding...

Acute-onset unexplained hypoxemia persisting despite 100% oxygen has a limited differential diagnosis but poses a challenging diagnostic dilemma. Methemoglobinemia, a hemolytic condition, may lead to significant complications if it goes undiagnosed during the critical golden hour of an emergency department (ED) presentation. This case report presents the clinical details of a 30-month-old child with acute intravascular hemolysis evident by severe pallor and hemoglobinuria and severe hypoxia documented on pulse oximetry...

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study is to describe the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) disease characteristics and management in children admitted to the pediatric intensive care units (PICU). METHODS: The present study was based on a national multicentric prospective registry including PICU patients with SARS-CoV2 infection or symptoms of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). RESULTS: A total of 298 patients were admitted to 41 different Spanish PICUs...

INTRODUCTION: Reducing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induced inflammatory injury is a potentially important strategy for children undergoing multiple operations for single ventricle palliation. We sought to characterize the soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), a protein involved in acute lung injury and inflammation, in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease and hypothesized that patients undergoing single ventricle palliation would have higher levels of sRAGE following bypass than those with biventricular physiologies...

OBJECTIVES: Describe the frequency with which transfusion and medications that modulate lung injury are administered to children meeting at-risk for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARF-PARDS) criteria and evaluate for associations of transfusion, fluid balance, nutrition, and medications with unfavorable clinical outcomes. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of the Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Incidence and Epidemiology study, a prospective point prevalence study...

BACKGROUND: Antifibrinolytic medications have been associated with reduced mortality in pediatric hemorrhage but may contribute to adverse events such as acute kidney injury (AKI). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of the MAssive Transfusion in Children (MATIC), a prospectively collected database of children with life-threatening hemorrhage (LTH), and evaluated for risk of adverse events with either antifibrinolytic treatment, epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) or tranexamic acid (TXA)...

OBJECTIVES: To provide an updated review of the literature on nonpulmonary treatments for pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) from the Second Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Elsevier), and CINAHL Complete (EBSCOhost). STUDY SELECTION: Searches were limited to children with PARDS or hypoxic respiratory failure focused on nonpulmonary adjunctive therapies (sedation, delirium management, neuromuscular blockade, nutrition, fluid management, transfusion, sleep management, and rehabilitation)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Paediatric dengue-associated acute liver failure (PALF) is a rare and fatal complication. To date, clinical data regarding the combination of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for the treatment of dengue-associated PALF are limited. METHODS: We conducted a single-center, retrospective study of all children with dengue-associated PALF admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit of Children Hospital No...

BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury (ALI) after liver transplantation (LT) may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is associated with adverse postoperative outcomes, such as prolonged hospital stay, high morbidity, and mortality. Therefore, it is vital to maintain hemodynamic stability and optimize fluid management. However, few studies have reported cardiac output-guided (CO-G) management in pediatric LT. AIM: To investigate the effect of CO-G hemodynamic management on early postoperative ALI and hemodynamic stability during pediatric living donor LT...

Hemoglobin D-Los Angeles is a variant of hemoglobin that can polymerize in the deoxygenated state. When co-inherited with Hemoglobin S (HbSD-Los Angeles disease) a severe sickling syndrome similar to HbSS can result. Corona virus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2. It has been associated with acute chest syndrome (ACS) in individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD), but this complication has not previously been reported in patients with HbSD-Los Angeles...

BACKGROUND: The administration of balanced component therapy has been associated with improvements in outcomes in adult trauma. There is little to no specific data to guide transfusion ratios in children. The aim of our study is to compare outcomes among different transfusion strategies in pediatric trauma patients. METHODS: We conducted a (2014-2016) retrospective analysis of the Trauma Quality Improvement Program. We selected all pediatric (age < 18) trauma patients who received at least one unit of packed red blood cells (PRBC) and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) within 4 h of admission...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of our study was to describe children with life-threatening bleeding. DESIGN: We conducted a prospective observational study of children with life-threatening bleeding events. SETTING: Twenty-four childrens hospitals in the United States, Canada, and Italy participated. SUBJECTS: Children 0-17 years old who received greater than 40 mL/kg total blood products over 6 hours or were transfused under massive transfusion protocol were included...

OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical profile, intensive care needs, outcome, and predictors of mortality in critically ill children with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: PICU of a tertiary care teaching hospital in North India. PATIENTS: Children 2 months to 12 years old with the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis admitted to PICU from January 2012 to April 2019 (7¼ yr)...

BACKGROUND: Immunocompromised children are likely to develop a refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The usefulness of providing extracorporeal life support (ECLS) to these patients is a subject of debate. The aim of our study was to report the outcomes and to compare factors associated with mortality between immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised children supported with veno-venous ECMO. METHODS: We performed a retrospective monocentric study in the French pediatric ECMO center of Armand Trousseau Hospital, including all pediatric patients aged from 1 month to 18 years requiring ECLS for ARDS...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric patients with sepsis in intensive care units are at high risk of developing anemia, which might have adverse effects on their prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion on the outcomes of patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with sepsis. METHODS: We conducted a prospective randomized clinical trial, enrolling 67 children, aged 2 to 144 months who were admitted to a PICU with a new episode of sepsis from November 2017 to April 2018...

IMPORTANCE: The clinical consequences of red blood cell storage age for critically ill pediatric patients have not been examined in a large, randomized clinical trial. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the transfusion of fresh red blood cells (stored ≤7 days) reduced new or progressive multiple organ dysfunction syndrome compared with the use of standard-issue red blood cells in critically ill children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The Age of Transfused Blood in Critically-Ill Children trial was an international, multicenter, blinded, randomized clinical trial, performed between February 2014 and November 2018 in 50 tertiary care centers...

Transfusion is a frequent treatment in pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS) although evidence to support transfusion decision-making is lacking. The purpose of this review is to review the current state of knowledge on the issue of transfusion in children with PARDS and to detail the possible beneficial effects and potential deleterious impacts of transfusion in this patient population. Based on the current literature and recent guidelines, a restrictive red blood cell (RBC) transfusion strategy (avoidance of transfusion when the haemoglobin level is above 7 g/dL) is indicated in stable patients without severe PARDS, as these were excluded from the large trials...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) results in significant morbidity and mortality in pediatric trauma victims. The objective of this study was to determine risk factors and outcomes specifically related to pediatric trauma-associated ARDS (PT-ARDS). METHODS: A retrospective cohort (2007-2014) of children ≤18 years old from the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) was used to analyze incidence, risk factors, and outcomes related to PT-ARDS...

BACKGROUND: High-grade traumatic pancreatic injuries are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Non-resection management is associated with fewer complications in pediatric patients. The present study evaluates outcomes following resection versus non-resection management of severe pancreatic injury caused by penetrating trauma. METHODS: A retrospective study of the Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) database was performed from 1/2010 to 12/2014...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children receiving surgeries for critical and complex congenital heart disease (CCHD). METHODS: According to the 2011's Berlin definition of ARDS, the clinical data were collected from 75 children without ARDS (group I) and 80 children with ARDS (group II) following surgeries for CCHD performed in the Department of Cardiac Surgery of our hospital from January, 2009 to May, 2014...