Corn or maize

Non-protein nitrogen ( NPN ) supplements improve animal performance in backgrounding diets. However, there is scarce information regarding the effect of different NPN sources and combinations on ruminal fermentation profile. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of different NPN sources and their combinations on in vitro fermentation, microbial N synthesis, and methane (CH4 ) production in a backgrounding diet. Incubations were conducted on three separate days for 24 h using corn silage and cotton gin byproduct (70% and 30% of DM, respectively) as substrate...

MicroRNA169 (miR169) has been implicated in multi-stress regulation in annual species such as Arabidopsis, maize and rice. However, there is a lack of experimental functional and mechanistic studies of miR169 in plants, especially in perennial species, and its impact on plant growth and development remains unexplored. Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is a C3 cool-season perennial turfgrass of significant environmental and economic importance. In this study, we generated both miR169 overexpression and knockdown transgenic creeping bentgrass lines...

For nearly two decades, genomic prediction and selection have supported efforts to increase genetic gains in plant and animal improvement programs. However, novel phenomic strategies for predicting complex traits in maize have recently proven beneficial when integrated into across-environment sparse genomic prediction models. One phenomic data modality is whole grain near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), which records reflectance values of biological samples (e.g., maize kernels) based on chemical composition...

BACKGROUND: The use of ionic liquids (ILs) to fractionate lignocelluloses for various bio-based chemicals productions is in the ascendant. On this basis, the protic ILs consisting of triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([TEA][HSO4 ]) possessed great promise due to the low price, low pollution, and high efficiency. In this study, the microwave-assistant [TEA][HSO4 ] fractionation process was established for corn stover fractionation, so as to facilitate the monomeric sugars production and supported the downstream acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation...

BACKGROUND: Young Black gay and bisexual men (YBGBM) in the United States face significant disparities in HIV care outcomes. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions have shown promise with improving outcomes for YBGBM across the HIV care continuum. METHODS: We developed an mHealth application using human-centered design (HCD) from 2019-2021 in collaboration with YBGBM living with HIV and with HIV service providers. Our HCD process began with six focus groups with 50 YBGBM and interviews with 12 providers...

Discriminating different cultivars of maca powder (MP) and detecting their authenticity after adulteration with potent adulterants such as maize and soy flour is a challenge that has not been studied with non-invasive techniques such as near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). This study developed models to rapidly classify and predict 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% w/w of soybean and maize flour in red, black and yellow maca cultivars using a handheld spectrophotometer and chemometrics. Soy and maize adulteration of yellow MP was classified with better accuracy than in red MP, suggesting that red MP may be a more susceptible target for adulteration...

Insects have about 50 neuropeptide genes and about 70 genes, coding for neuropeptide G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). An important, but small family of evolutionarily related insect neuropeptides consists of adipokinetic hormone (AKH), corazonin, and AKH/corazonin-related peptide (ACP). Normally, insects have one specific GPCR for each of these neuropeptides. The tick Ixodes scapularis is not an insect, but belongs to the subphylum Chelicerata, which comprises ticks, scorpions, mites, spiders, and horseshoe crabs...

The house dust mite (HDM) represents a major cause of allergic rhinitis and asthma. We tested whether HDM-induced aeroallergen exposure sensitivity is caused by the innate-immune response in small airway epithelial cells. HDM exposure rapidly activates NFkB/RelA in the Secretoglobin (Scgb1a1+) lineage and upregulates markers of epithelial plasticity. To determine the effect of epithelial NFkB signaling, NFkB was depleted in a tamoxifen (TMX)-inducible Scgb1a1 -CreERTM mouse within a CL57B/L6 background. Corn oil or TMX-treated/RelA-depleted (RelA KD) mice were repetitively exposed to airway HDM challenges to induce airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR)...

This paper reports the first coexistence field trials between transgenic and conventional maize carried out under Mediterranean island conditions. Their purpose was to assess the local validity of pollen barriers and sowing delays as coexistence strategies as a basis for a regional regulation on the subject. Two field trials were performed in two agricultural states of Alcudia and Palma, in Mallorca (Spain). In the first one, two adjacent plots were synchronously sown with conventional and transgenic maize, respectively...

The combined transcriptome outcome provides an important clue to the regulatory cascade centering on lncRNA GARR2 and CPS2 gene in GA response. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve as regulatory components in transcriptional hierarchy governing multiple aspects of biological processes. Dissecting regulatory mechanisms underpinning tetracyclic diterpenoid gibberellin (GA) cascade holds both theoretical and applied significance. However, roles of lncRNAs in transcriptional modulation of GA pathway remain largely elusive...

Diversified crop rotations have been suggested to reduce grain yield losses from the adverse climatic conditions increasingly common under climate change. Nevertheless, the potential for climate change adaptation of different crop rotational diversity (CRD) remains undetermined. We quantified how climatic conditions affect small grain and maize yields under different CRDs in 32 long-term (10-63 years) field experiments across Europe and North America. Species-diverse and functionally rich rotations more than compensated yield losses from anomalous warm conditions, long and warm dry spells, as well as from anomalous wet (for small grains) or dry (for maize) conditions...

BACKGROUND: Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. Research suggests that treating C. difficile infections (CDI) with fidaxomicin (FDX) is more effective than vancomycin (VAN), with potential cost savings. The objective was to calculate the budget impact of FDX treatment compared to VAN from a German payer perspective. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The analysis used real-world data of patients discharged from University Hospital Cologne between Jan-01-2018 and Dec-31-2019...

Stem diameter is a critical phenotypic parameter for maize, integral to yield prediction and lodging resistance assessment. Traditionally, the quantification of this parameter through manual measurement has been the norm, notwithstanding its tedious and laborious nature. To address these challenges, this study introduces a non-invasive field-based system utilizing depth information from RGB-D cameras to measure maize stem diameter. This technology offers a practical solution for conducting rapid and non-destructive phenotyping...

Structures fabricated using focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) have sloped sidewalls because of the very nature of the deposition process. For applications this is highly undesirable, especially when neighboring structures are interconnected. A new technique combining FEBID and focused electron beam-induced etching (FEBIE) has been developed to fabricate structures with vertical sidewalls. The sidewalls of carbon FEBID structures have been modified by etching with water and it is shown, using transmission electron microscopy imaging, that the sidewall angle can be tuned from outward to inward by controlling the etch position on the sidewall...

INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the effects of storage japonica brown rice (SJBR) and bile acids (BA) on the growth performance, meat quality, and intestinal microbiota of growing-finishing Min pigs. METHODS: A total of 24 healthy Min pigs with a similar body weight of 42.25 ± 2.13 kg were randomly divided into three groups with eight replicates of one pig each. The groups were as follows: CON (50% corn), SJBR (25% corn +25% SJBR), and SJBR + BA (25% corn +25% SJBR +0...

Chitin-degrading enzymes are critical components in regulating the molting process of the Asian corn borer and serve as potential targets for controlling this destructive pest of maize. Here, we used a scaffold-hopping strategy to design a series of efficient naphthylimide insecticides. Among them, compound 8c exhibited potent inhibition of chitinase from Of Chi-h and Of ChtI at low nanomolar concentrations (IC50 = 1.51 and 9.21 nM, respectively). Molecular docking simulations suggested that 8c binds to chitinase by mimicking the interaction of chitin oligosaccharide substrates with chitinase...

Rimsulfuron is a sulfonylurea herbicide that controls grass and broadleaf weeds in maize, potatoes, fruits, nuts, and other crops. It can also be used as a burndown herbicide to clear invasive weed species along roadsides and other nonagricultural land. Rimsulfuron acts as an acetolactase synthase (ALS) inhibitor, blocking the synthesis of essential amino acids required for plant growth. As is common practice, rimsulfuron has been subject to periodic reviews by regulatory agencies for reregistration since its introduction into the market in the early 1990s...

BACKGROUND: This investigation assessed the effects of high dietary inclusion of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) on broiler chicken growth performance, meat quality and nutritional attributes. For this, 120 male broiler chicks were housed in 40 battery brooders (three birds per brooder). Initially, for 14 days, a standard corn and soybean meal diet was administered. Subsequently, from days 14 to 35, chicks were assigned to one of the four dietary treatments (n = 10 per treatment): (1) control diet (CTR); (2) diet with 15% Spirulina (SP); (3) diet with 15% extruded Spirulina (SPE); and (4) diet with 15% Spirulina plus a super-dosing enzymes supplement (0...

Chrysin and rutin are natural polyphenols with multifaceted biological activities but their applications face challenges in bioavailability. Encapsulation using starch nanoparticles (SNPs) presents a promising approach to overcome the limitations. In this study, chrysin and rutin were encapsulated into self-assembled SNPs derived from quinoa (Q), maize (M), and waxy maize (WM) starches using enzyme-hydrolysis. Encapsulation efficiencies ranged from 74.3 % to 79.1 %, with QSNPs showing superior performance...

Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR, Nr1i3), a liver nuclear receptor and xenobiotic sensor, induces drug, steroid and lipid metabolizing enzymes, stimulates liver hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and ultimately, hepatocellular carcinogenesis. The mechanisms linking early CAR responses to later disease development are poorly understood. Here we show that exposure of CD-1 mice to TCPOBOP, a halogenated xenochemical and selective CAR agonist ligand, induces pericentral steatosis marked by hepatic accumulation of cholesterol and neutral lipid, and elevated circulating alanine aminotransferase, indicating hepatocyte damage...