Infected scopes

Periprosthetic femoral fractures (PPFF) around total hip arthroplasty (THA) are one of the leading causes of hip revision. High mortality rates are observed after revision in case of PPFF around THA. To modify risk factors, early postoperative mobilization is necessary. Permissive weight bearing (PWB) is designed to optimize clinical recovery in aftercare. This study aimed to perform a scoping review to summarize the current available evidence on postoperative weight bearing in late PPFF around THA and the implementation of PWB in aftercare...

Dental and oral management (DOM) is a long-established treatment modality. This scoping review aimed to narratively review previous studies, examine the effects of perioperative DOM, and identify the available evidence. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed electronic database for studies published between January 1, 2000, and March 8, 2022. The search yielded 43 studies, most of which were published in the last 10 years. The results of this study confirmed that improved perioperative oral hygiene is effective in preventing postoperative pneumonia...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite the widespread adoption of various preventive measures since the spread of COVID-19, there remains a lack of consensus on universally acknowledged best practices. However, the significance of vaccination has risen to prominence as a paramount preventive strategy. Numerous investigations have demonstrated vaccine effectiveness against the omicron strain in severe disease and symptomatic disease, however, the scope of research pertaining to vaccine effectiveness in preventing infection is presently limited...

BACKGROUND: Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic to many parts of the world and has serious health and socioeconomic effects even in high-income countries, especially with rapid changes in the climate globally. We explored the literature on dengue vector control methods used in high-income, city settings and associations with dengue incidence, dengue prevalence, or mosquito vector densities. METHODS: Studies of any design or year were included if they reported effects on human DENV infection or Aedes vector indices of dengue-specific vector control interventions in high-income, city settings...

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection of mothers may increase the risk of complications and adverse birth outcomes among newborn infants born more than 37 weeks' gestation. PURPOSE: The aim of this scoping review is to identify the research gaps in the literature on SARS-CoV-2 positive newborn infants born at more than 37 weeks' gestation in United States (U.S.). DATA SOURCES: A search for relevant articles was conducted using multiple resources including three databases CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science...

In many fields, accurate prediction of cascade outbreaks during their early stages of propagation is of paramount importance. Based on percolation theory, we propose a global propagation probability algorithm that effectively estimates the probability of information spreading from source nodes to the giant component. Building on this, we further introduce an early prediction method for cascade outbreaks, which provides quantitative predictions of both the probability and scope of cascade outbreaks by fully considering the network structure data and propagation dynamics...

BACKGROUND: Transcortical approaches, encompassing various surgical corridors, have been employed to treat an array of intraparenchymal or intraventricular brain pathologies, including tumors, vascular malformations, infections, intracerebral hematomas, and epileptic surgery. Designing cortical incisions relies on the lesion location and characteristics, knowledge of eloquent functional anatomy, and advanced imaging such as tractography. Despite their widespread use in neurosurgery, there is a noticeable lack of systematic studies examining their common lobe access points, associated complications, and prevalent pathologies...

<b><br>Introduction:</b> Septorhinoplasty aims to enhance nasal function and appearance. This common but complex procedure has demonstrated advancements with both open and endonasal approaches. The selection of sutures can impact patient comfort and scar outcomes, presenting both advantages and disadvantages.</br> <b><br>Aim:</b> This study was conducted to compare the cosmetic outcomes of the use of absorbable polyglactin 910 (PG) (Vicryl Rapide 5/0; Ethicon Inc...

Non-ventilated hospital acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) is associated with significant healthcare burden, arising from high incidence and associated morbidity and mortality. However, accurately identifying cases remains challenging. At present there is no gold-standard test for the diagnosis of NV-HAP, requiring instead the blending of non-specific signs and investigations. Causative organisms are only identified in a minority of cases. This has significant implications for surveillance, patient outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship...

OBJECTIVE: To review current literature and guidelines on antiseptic surgical site preparations for preventing surgical site infections with consideration of contraindications specific to head and neck surgery. DATA SOURCES: PubMed/MEDLINE, clinicaltrials.gov, accessdata.fda.gov, Manufacturer websites. REVIEW METHODS: A scoping review on the literature and clinical studies comparing the efficacy of different surgical site preparations. Studies were included if they were a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing at least two commonly used and available antiseptic preparations...

AIM: Metronidazole (MTZ) is an antimicrobial agent used to treat anaerobic infections. It has been hypothesized that MTZ may also have anti-inflammatory properties, but the evidence is limited and has not been previously reviewed. Thus, this scoping review aimed to answer the following question: "What is the evidence supporting anti-inflammatory properties of metronidazole that are not mediated by its antimicrobial effects?" METHODS: A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA-ScR statement...

BACKGROUND: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant concern in low-middle-income countries (LMICs), where the burden of hospital-acquired infections is high, and resources are low. Evidence-based guidelines exist for preventing VAP; however, these guidelines may not be adequately utilized in intensive care units of LMICs. AIM: This scoping review examined the literature regarding the use of nursing care bundles for VAP prevention in LMICs, to understand the knowledge, practice and compliance of nurses to these guidelines, as well as the barriers preventing the implementation of these guidelines...

Vitiligo is a chronic skin condition caused by an autoimmune response that results in the progressive loss of melanocytes and recent studies have suggested that Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are emerging as a promising new treatment modality. Therefore, to assess and understand the extent of knowledge in the emerging field of JAKi use in vitiligo, a scoping review of the literature was undertaken. The reviewed articles explored a wide variety of JAKi administered either orally or topically for vitiligo. There were no injectable JAKi studied...

INTRODUCTION: Following HIV testing services (HTS), the World Health Organization recommends prompt linkage to prevention and treatment. Scale-up of effective linkage strategies is essential to achieving the global 95-95-95 goals for maintaining low HIV incidence by 2030 and reducing HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Whereas linkage to care including same-day antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation for all people with HIV is now routinely implemented in testing programmes, linkage to HIV prevention interventions including behavioural or biomedical strategies, for HIV-negative individuals remains sub-optimal...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: At present, the inhibition of staphyloxanthin biosynthesis has emerged as a prominent strategy in combating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. Nonetheless, there remains a limited understanding regarding the bio-structural characteristics of staphyloxanthin biosynthetic enzymes, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between inhibitors and proteins. Furthermore, the functional scope of these inhibitors is relatively narrow...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cannabis may have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in people with HIV (PWH); however, given this population's high burden of persisting neurocognitive impairment (NCI), clinicians are concerned they may be particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of cannabis on cognition. Here, we present a systematic scoping review of clinical and preclinical studies evaluating the effects of cannabinoid exposure on cognition in HIV. RECENT FINDINGS: Results revealed little evidence to support a harmful impact of cannabis use on cognition in HIV, with few eligible preclinical data existing...

INTRODUCTION: The postpartum period is critical for the health and well-being of women and newborns, but there is limited research on the most effective methods of post-childbirth follow-up. This scoping review synthesizes evidence from high-, middle-, and low-income countries on approaches to following up individuals after discharge from childbirth facilities. METHODS: Using a systematic search in Ovid MEDLINE, we identified quantitative studies describing post-discharge follow-up methods deployed up to 12 months postpartum...

OBJECTIVES: To systematically assess the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and identify gaps that limit their development. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: CPGs for HP infection were systematically collected from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and six online guideline repositories. Three researchers independently used the AGREE Ⅱ tool to evaluate the methodological quality of the eligible CPGs...

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has inundated the whole world by causing severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans, thus posing serious public health concerns. The oral and olfactory systems are significantly impacted by the COVID-19 condition, in addition to the respiratory and digestive systems. Oral symptoms of COVID-19 can be caused by a loss in oral hygiene, immune system suppression, a decline in general health, and candidiasis due to prolonged antibiotic use. Because many aerosols and droplets are produced during various dental operations, dental professionals and dentists are at a significant risk of contracting the COVID-19 infection...

Listeria monocytogenes is well recognized for both its broad resistance to stress conditions and its ability to transition from a soil bacterium to an intracellular pathogen of mammalian hosts. The bacterium's impressive ability to adapt to changing environments and conditions requires the rapid sensing of environmental cues and the coordinated response of gene products that enable bacterial growth and survival. Two-component signaling systems (TCSs) have been long recognized for their ability to detect environmental stimuli and transmit those signals into transcriptional responses; however, often the precise nature of the stimulus triggering TCS responses can be challenging to define...