syncope epilepsy

Sub-scalp Implantable Telemetric EEG (SITE) devices are under development for the treatment of epilepsy. However, beyond epilepsy, continuous EEG analysis could revolutionize the management of patients suffering from all types of brain disorders. This article reviews decades of foundational EEG research, collected from short-term routine EEG studies of common neurological and behavioral disorders, that may guide future SITE management and research. Established quantitative EEG methods, like spectral EEG power density calculation combined with state-of-the-art machine learning techniques applied to SITE data, can identify new EEG biomarkers of neurological disease...

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Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM) is a rare neurological developmental disorder that presents at birth. No such cases have been reported in support of microbial infections causing Chiari malformation, yet there is evidence of how microorganisms can lead to brain abscess, brain empyema, and meningoencephalitis. We present a 23-year-old young woman with progressive back and leg pain after a streptococcal throat infection, followed by a single episode of syncope. Radiographs of the spine revealed a mild reversal of cervical spine curvature and minimal levocurvature of the lumbar spine...

Objective : This study aims to understand the presentations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients in a tertiary hospital's emergency department (ED) in Turkey, and the difficulties of families face in the ED. Method : Clinical characteristics of ASD patients who presented to the ED between 1 January 2015 and 15 November 2020 were obtained by retrospective file review. The caregivers of the patients who had presented to the ED in 2020 were interviewed by a phone call. Results : There were 740 applications of 224 patients (192 boys, 32 girls)...

The purpose of the study is to explore the use of Calgary scoring (CS) and Modified Calgary scoring (MCS) in the differentiation of genetic generalized epilepsy and syncope in children. The study involved 117 patients aged < 18 years who presented to our hospital's pediatric neurology outpatient clinic with TLOC between June 2020 and June 2022. In addition to CS and MCS scoring, all patients were subjected to statistical analysis based on their age, sex, number of episodes and distribution during the day, duration of syncope, and family history...

BACKGROUND: Stokes-Adams attacks presenting as convulsions may be difficult to distinguish from epilepsy. Stokes-Adams Syndrome is a transient abrupt collapse into unconsciousness due to a sudden but pronounced decrease in cardiac output caused by change in heart rate and rhythm, resulting in syncope. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a patient who presented with multiple convulsive episodes managed as epilepsy, until she was found to have paroxysmal total atrioventricular block...

INTRODUCTION: Hypophosphatemia seems to be temporally associated with seizures, despite not being considered a trigger. We aimed to evaluate hypophosphatemia as a biomarker for seizures. METHODS: Retrospective study, including all consecutive patients admitted at our central hospital's emergency department from 01/01-31/03/2021, screened as "altered consciousness/syncope" or "seizures", with available phosphate levels. RESULTS: 277 patients included, mostly male (61...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: the aim of the present study is to investigate the associations between syncope and subsequent diagnoses of brain tumor, cardiac arrhythmia, stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), epilepsy, and anxiety disorder in a large outpatient population in Germany. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study uses data from the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA). Adults who received syncope diagnosis from one of 1284 general practices between January 2005 and December 2021 (index date) were included and matched (1:1) to individuals without syncope diagnosis using a propensity score based on age, sex, the number of consultations during the follow-up period (up to 6 months), and defined co-diagnoses documented within 12 months prior to and on the index date...

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infection of the nervous system and acquired epilepsy in low-resource settings due to the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium . Humans contract the intestinal infection of the adult tapeworm (taeniasis) through the fecal-oral route after consuming undercooked food, particularly pork or water, contaminated with tapeworm eggs. When the larvae invades the central nervous system (CNS), the infection causes NCC, which often manifests as late-onset seizures, chronic headaches, and intracranial hypertension...

Epilepsy and syncope are sometimes difficult to differentiate, and they often occur together. We report here a unique case of severe neuromodulatory syncope associated with generalized epilepsy. A 24-year-old right-handed female with no remarkable history had her first epileptic seizure when she was 15 years old and was diagnosed with epilepsy. However, she had epileptic seizures or fainting spells every few months and was referred to Nara Medical Center at the age of 23 years. No obvious neurological abnormality was present, and no organic abnormality was found on head magnetic resonance imaging...

Distinguishing syncope from epileptic seizures in patients with sudden loss of consciousness is important. Various blood tests have been used to indicate epileptic seizures in patients with impaired consciousness. This retrospective study aimed to predict the diagnosis of epilepsy in patients with transient loss of consciousness using the initial blood test results. A seizure classification model was constructed using logistic regression, and predictors were selected from a cohort of 260 patients using domain knowledge and statistical methods...

OBJECTIVES: In October 2020 and March 2021, the Federal Drug Agency classified lamotrigine as class IB antiarrhythmic, announcing an increased risk of heart rhythm problems. We sought to investigate the nature of the arrhythmia signal with lamotrigine use compared to anticonvulsants with sodium and non-sodium blocking mechanisms. METHODS: This retrospective pharmacovigilance case-non-case study used disproportionality analysis to detect signals of adverse reaction of interest reported with lamotrigine to the FDA adverse event reporting system between 1998 and 2022...

BACKGROUND: Across Europe, there are differences regarding driving restrictions for patients with epilepsies and seizures. In the light of increasing mobility, knowledge about those different regulations is of high importance for counseling patients, and physicians. METHODS: A structured online survey was sent to the official representatives of the different European ILAE chapters, asking for the local driving restrictions for patients with epilepsies, first seizures, syncopes, and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures...

Ictal asystole is a rare condition associated primarily with temporal lobe epilepsy that can cause syncope, falls and head trauma. It is also associated with increased rates of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP). We present a case of a 33-year-old woman with a history of childhood epilepsy who presented with 3 years of recurrent syncope. Video-EEG revealed temporal lobe seizures with ictal asystole. EKG showed stepwise progression of bradycardia, asystole, and tachycardia. MRI showed focal cortical thickening at the right insular cortex with blurring of the grey-white matter interface, consistent with insular focal cortical dysplasia...

The common causes of Transient Loss of Consciousness (TLOC) are syncope, epilepsy, and functional/dissociative seizures (FDS). Simple, questionnaire-based decision-making tools for non-specialists who may have to deal with TLOC (such as clinicians working in primary or emergency care) reliably differentiate between patients who have experienced syncope and those who have had one or more seizures but are more limited in their ability to differentiate between epileptic seizures and FDS. Previous conversation analysis research has demonstrated that qualitative expert analysis of how people talk to clinicians about their seizures can help distinguish between these two TLOC causes...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a method of noninvasive brain stimulation developed since the 1980s. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is one of the methods of noninvasive brain stimulation, which is increasingly used to treat psychiatric disorders. Recent years witnessed a dynamic growth in the number of sites offering therapy with rTMS and of the interest of patients in this method in Poland. This article presents the position statement of the working group of the Section of Biological Psychiatry of the Polish Psychiatric Association concerning the proper patients selection and safety of use of rTMS in the therapy of psychiatric conditions...

OBJECTIVE: Genes associated with Long QT syndromes (LQTS), such as KCNQ1, KCNH2, and SCN5A, are common causes of epilepsy. The Arg 744* variant of KCNH2 has been previously reported in people with epilepsy or LQTS, but none of these patients were reported to simultaneously suffer from epilepsy and LQTS. Herein, we report the case of a family with epilepsy and cardiac disorders. METHOD: The proband, a 25-year-old woman, with a family history of epilepsy and LQTS was followed at West China Hospital...

Recently, a practical clinical definition has been proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy(ILAE). Management of an unprovoked first seizure in adults has also been reported with risk factors of recurrence relevant to epilepsy diagnosis by the American Academy of Neurology. The term "unprovoked" implies the absence of a temporary or reversible factor lowering the threshold and producing a seizure at that point in time. A seizure immediately after a stroke or head injury would exemplify a provoked seizure, as called acute symptomatic(or early)seizure, that would not lead to a diagnosis of epilepsy...

Early repolarization syndrome is rare in children. Mutation of genes encoding ion channels could display mixed electrophysiological phenotype of Kv4.3 including both cardiac phenotype (early repolarization syndrome, atrial fibrillation) and cerebral phenotype (epilepsy, intellectual disability). This situation is rare and was named as cardiocerebral channelopathy. Here, we report a case of an 11-year-old-girl with cardiocerebral channelopathy caused by KCND3 mutation, who was successfully treated with oral quinidine, metoprolol and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator...