HHV-8

We present a clinical case of a 79-year-old male admitted to inpatient care for longstanding asthenia and respiratory symptoms. Associated features were polyserositis, multiple enlarged lymphatic nodules, acute kidney injury, and heart failure. The patient's recent medical history revealed SARS-CoV-2 vaccination a week prior and an upper respiratory tract infection. The laboratory results from thoracentesis were compatible with a transudate, with no immunological stain. Epstein-Barr virus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive...

The immune system of the skin is the first line of defense against various infections, on the other hand, its strategic location as a key barrier between external and internal environment makes the skin an important tool for maintaining homeostasis, so dermatological lesions are often a manifestation of various pathological conditions. Thus, herpesvirus skin diseases, which are the result of reactivation of a latent infection and occur against the background of human immunodeficiency, may be the first manifestation of HIV...

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a rare, aggressive, mature type of B-cell lymphoma that usually causes malignant, lymphomatous effusions in the absence of a solid mass. This is commonly seen in immunosuppressed individuals such as those with underlying malignancies, human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), cirrhosis, and a history of solid organ transplantation who are infected with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). Clinical presentation varies depending on the extent of disease like shortness of breath, abdominal distention, and typical B symptoms like weight loss, fever, and night sweats...

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an angiogenic tumor. KS lesions frequently develop in the skin and oral cavity mucosa in the head and neck regions, and pure laryngeal localization is extremely rare. We reported a 64-year-old male patient without HIV, HBV, and HCV positivity presented with a hemangiomatous lesion detected incidentally in the right vocal cord. Biopsy was taken for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Examination revealed that spindle cells were of vascular origin and expressed HHV-8, a specific marker associated with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus...

Approximately 12% of human cancers worldwide are associated with infectious agents, which are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 1 within the agents that are carcinogenic to humans. Most of these agents are viruses. Group 1 oncogenic viruses include hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1, Epstein-Barr virus, Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, human immunodeficiency virus-1 and high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs). In addition, some human polyomaviruses are suspected of inducing cancer prevalently in hosts with impaired immune responses...

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The disease is very heterogeneous, with distinct genetic alterations in subtypes. The WHO 2022 5th edition classification identifies several minor groups of large B-cell lymphoma where the pathogenetic role of viruses (like EBV and HHV-8) is identified. Still, most cases fall into the group of DLBCL not otherwise specified (NOS). No review focuses only on this specific lymphoma type in the literature. The pathogenesis of this entity is still not fully understood, but several viruses and bacteria may have a role in the development of the disease...

BACKGROUND: The results of disparate clinical studies indicate abnormally frequent cases of certain microorganisms in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, these data require clarification and systematization. The study aims to study the structure of the microbial profile in children with ASD and genetic folate cycle deficiency (GFCD) and consider differences in diagnostic approaches for identifying microorganisms of different types. METHODS: The study analyzed medical data from 240 children (187 boys and 63 girls) with GFCD aged 2 to 9 years...

Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a poorly understood, heterogeneous lymphoproliferative disorder with benign hyperplastic lymph nodes and systemic inflammatory symptoms. Human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) may be associated with MCD, whether or not the patient is infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A 74-year-old man presented with anaemia, thrombocytopenia and bilateral axillary adenomegaly of unknown origin. The patient was admitted to the hospital two years ago with clinical signs of weight loss, asthenia, anorexia and a maculopapular rash on the trunk and back...

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An 80-year-old Japanese man presented with systemic lymphadenopathy, including the para-aortic area and left inguinal nodes, which was diagnosed as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and human herpesvirus (HHV) 8-positive/HIV-negative Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Immunohistochemical examination revealed that the lymphoma cells were negative for HHV-8. The patient received combined chemotherapy with rituximab, pirarubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone for six cycles and achieved complete remission...

Kaposi's sarcoma is a well-known multifocal vascular tumor initially described by pathologist Moritz Kaposi. This report presents the case of a 38-year-old bisexual male who consulted the infectious diseases department with non-itchy maculopapular and purpuric lesions on the skin with the involvement of the oral mucosa, suggesting a diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma. Biological and radiological investigations were performed. The patient was found to be human immunodeficiency virus positive with a viral load of 251...

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining illness caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) predominantly in the context of HIV-related immune suppression. We aimed to explore the usefulness of KSHV DNA viral load (VL) measurement in predicting the severity, response to treatment and outcome of KS. We retrospectively assessed a cohort of KS patients ( n = 94) receiving treatment at Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. Demographic and clinical data, KS staging and response to treatment were extracted from patient files, while long-term survival was ascertained from hospital records...

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (HIV-KS) is a well-documented vascular tumor with a pathogenesis involving human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) infection. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) and chemotherapy are effective for treating most KS cases, some become refractory. In this report, we present a case of a 58-year-old man with refractory HIV-KS treated with ART and chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was eventually discontinued due to an adverse reaction, and the patient presented with painful plantar lesions that impaired ambulation...

Kaposi sarcoma (KS), caused by Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8; KSHV), shows sporadic, endemic, and epidemic forms. While familial clustering of KS was previously recorded, the molecular basis of hereditary predilection to KS remains largely unknown. We demonstrate through genetic studies that a dominantly inherited missense mutation in BPTF segregates with a phenotype of classical KS in multiple immunocompetent individuals in two families. Using an rKSHV.219-infected CRISPR/cas9-model, we show that BPTFI2012T mutant cells exhibit higher latent-to-lytic ratio, decreased virion production, increased LANA staining, and latent phenotype in viral transcriptomics...

Classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS), a variant of Kaposi sarcoma (KS), predominantly affects elderly men of Mediterranean and Ashkenazi descent. It is primarily seen in immunocompetent patients, often as cutaneous manifestations in the lower extremities. Treatment of CKS ranges from radiation therapy, chemotherapeutic agents, surgical excision, cryosurgery, and immunotherapy, and the treatment selection is contingent on disease-specific manifestations. This study presents the case of an 83-year-old immunocompetent male of Mediterranean descent, diagnosed with CKS five years ago, exhibiting an onset of painful violaceous papulonodular lesions on the right medial plantar surface and painless papulonodular lesions on the right upper arm and medial thigh...

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a malignancy that commonly appears as lesions on the skin or mucosal surfaces but can also develop in other organs. This cancer is usually caused by the human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), recently known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). KS is rare in the general population but can develop in kidney transplant recipients with varying incidence due to immunocompromised status from immunosuppression. The main aim of the present systematic review was to identify the prevalence and treatment of KS in kidney transplant patients...

Primary effusion lymphoma and its tissue-based subtype extracavitary/solid variant was first described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients. We report the case of a 50-year-old HIV-seronegative male patient who presented with icterus and cholestasis. Computed tomography revealed a 80 × 56 mm abdominal mass. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed from the celiac lymph nodes and pancreatic head, under endoscopic ultrasonography guidance. A duodenal endoscopic biopsy was taken from the infiltration area, and a core biopsy was performed for the portal hilar mass...

OBJECTIVES: Emmprin (CD147/BSG) protein is estimated to play a key role in cell migration and chemoresistance in viral carcinogenesis. However, there are very limited studies investigating the CD147 in the oncogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. This study aims to reveal the relationship between CD147 expression with histopathological parameters, disease pattern, and recurrence in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). METHODS: The study included 67 patients diagnosed with KS between January 1982 and September 2023...

Herpesviruses are large DNA viruses and include important human and veterinary pathogens. Their genomes can be cloned as bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and genetically engineered in Escherichia coli using BAC recombineering methods. While the recombineering methods are efficient, the initial BAC-cloning step remains laborious. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a simple, rapid, and efficient BAC-cloning method based on single-step transformation-associated recombination (STAR) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae...

Multicentric Castleman disease (MCD) is a heterogeneous, life-threatening disease. A subgroup of HIV-negative and HHV-8-negative MCD is defined as idiopathic MCD (iMCD) with a poor prognosis. Here we report an unusual case of a 47-year-old male patient with iMCD who experienced multiple treatment regimens such as chemotherapy, immunomodulatory therapy, and targeted therapy, all of which were considered ineffective. Subsequently, he was started on bortezomib in combination with dexamethasone for six cycles and he was in complete remission...