multiple sclerosis + light

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels correlate with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity, but the dynamics of this correlation are unknown. We evaluated the relationship between sNfL levels and radiologic MS disease activity through monthly assessments during the 24-week natalizumab treatment interruption period in RESTORE (NCT01071083). METHODS: In the RESTORE trial, participants with relapsing forms of MS who had received natalizumab for ≥12 months were randomized to either continue or stop natalizumab and followed with MRI and blood draws every 4 weeks to week 28 and again at week 52 The sNfL was measured, and its dynamics were correlated with the development of gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions...

Functional gradient (FG) analysis represents an increasingly popular methodological perspective for investigating brain hierarchical organization but whether and how network hierarchy changes concomitant with functional connectivity alterations in multiple sclerosis (MS) has remained elusive. Here, we analyzed FG components to uncover possible alterations in cortical hierarchy using resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data acquired in 122 MS patients and 97 healthy control (HC) subjects. Cortical hierarchy was assessed by deriving regional FG scores from rs-fMRI connectivity matrices using a functional parcellation of the cerebral cortex...

Although B cells are implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology, a predictive or diagnostic autoantibody remains elusive. In this study, the Department of Defense Serum Repository (DoDSR), a cohort of over 10 million individuals, was used to generate whole-proteome autoantibody profiles of hundreds of patients with MS (PwMS) years before and subsequently after MS onset. This analysis defines a unique cluster in approximately 10% of PwMS who share an autoantibody signature against a common motif that has similarity with many human pathogens...

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a dsDNA herpesvirus, is believed to play a significant role in exacerbating and potentially triggering autoimmune and autoinflammatory maladies. Around 90% of the world is infected with the virus, which establishes latency within lymphocytes. EBV is also known to cause infectious mononucleosis, a self-limited flu-like illness, in adolescents. EBV is often reactivated and it employs several mechanisms of evading the host immune system. It has also been implicated in inducing host immune dysfunction potentially resulting in exacerbation or triggering of inflammatory processes...

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating autoimmune disease with increasing global prevalence. It predominantly affects females, especially those of European descent. The interplay between environmental factors and genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in MS etiopathogenesis. Methods: We search recent relevant literature on reputable databases, which include, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceGirect using the following keywords: multiple sclerosis, pathogenesis, autoimmunity, demyelination, therapy, immunotherapy...

BACKGROUND: In people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), muscle fatigue and weakness are common issues that can interfere with daily activities. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT), comprising light in a 600-1100 nm bandwidth, is a low-level laser therapy thought to improve muscle performance in non-disease populations, in part, by improving mitochondrial function and thus, might be beneficial in pwMS. Given this potential, we aimed to investigate the effects of PBMT on muscle performance in pwMS, both in the short-term and over an extended period...

BACKGROUND: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune, neurodegenerative disease that affects regular mobility and leads predominantly to physical disability. Poor sleep quality, commonly reported in MS patients, impacts their physical activity (PA). Accelerometers monitor 24-h activity patterns, offering insights into disease progression in daily life. OBJECTIVE: To test if the sleep quality variables of MS patients, as assessed with wrist-worn accelerometers, differ from those of controls and are associated with PA and disease severity variables...

Neurofilament proteins have been validated as specific body fluid biomarkers of neuro-axonal injury. The advent of highly sensitive analytical platforms that enable reliable quantification of neurofilaments in blood samples and simplify longitudinal follow-up has paved the way for the development of neurofilaments as a biomarker in clinical practice. Potential applications include assessment of disease activity, monitoring of treatment responses, and determining prognosis in many acute and chronic neurological disorders as well as their use as an outcome measure in trials of novel therapies...

Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are highly-effective B-cell-depleting therapies in multiple sclerosis (MS). These treatments have expanded the arsenal of highly effective disease-modifying therapies, and have changed the landscape in understanding the pathophysiology of MS and the natural course of the disease. Nevertheless, these treatments come at the cost of immunosuppression and risk of serious infections, diminished vaccination response and treatment-related secondary hypogammaglobulinemia. However, the COVID pandemic has given way to a possibility of readapting these therapies, with most notably extended dosing intervals...

Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive disorders characterized by synaptic loss and neuronal death. Optogenetics combines optical and genetic methods to control the activity of specific cell types. The efficacy of this approach in neurodegenerative diseases has been investigated in many reviews, however, none of them tackled it systematically. Our study aimed to review systematically the findings of optogenetics and its potential applications in animal models of chronic neurodegenerative diseases and compare it with deep brain stimulation and designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs techniques...

This is a report on remarkable visual recovery from blindness in a case of isolated optic perineuritis (OPN). A 68-year-old Chinese lady presented with a two-week history of progressive painless bilateral vision loss. Her vision was 6/18 on the right eye and no perception of light (NPL) on the left eye with positive relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD). Fundus showed hyperaemic and swollen optic disc bilaterally. MRI of the brain and orbit revealed hyperintense periventricular white matter lesions, possibly early changes of multiple sclerosis (MS), and perineural enhancement of optic nerve bilaterally, consistent with OPN...

BACKGROUND: Individual disease modifying therapies approved for multiple sclerosis (MS) have limited effectiveness and potentially serious side effects, especially when administered over long periods. Sequential combination therapy is a plausible alternative approach. Natalizumab is a monoclonal therapeutic antibody that reduces leukocyte access to the central nervous system that is associated with an increased risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and disease reactivation after its discontinuation...

Multiple organs are affected by the complex autoimmune illness known as systemic sclerosis (SSc), which has a high fatality rate. Genes linked to autophagy have been linked to the aetiology of SSc. It is yet unknown, though, whether autophagy-related genes play a role in the aetiology of SSc. After using bioinformatics techniques to examine two databases (the GSE76885 and GSE95065 datasets) and autophagy-related genes, we were able to identify 12 autophagy-related differentially expressed genes that are linked to the pathophysiology of SSc...

BACKGROUND: Sphingolipids are signaling molecules and structural components of the axolemma and myelin sheath. Plasma sphingolipid levels may reflect disease status of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). We aimed to examine plasma sphingolipids as disease severity biomarkers for NMOSD and compare their characteristics with those of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP). METHODS: We measured plasma sphingolipids, sNfL, and sGFAP levels in NMOSD cases with anti-aquaporin-4-antibody...

OBJECTIVES: To study intrathecal kappa free light chain (KFLC) synthesis in people living with HIV (PLWH) in comparison with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis including 56 untreated and 150 well treated PLWH, and compared with 58 controls, and 223 MS patients. RESULTS: Elevated serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG and KFLC indices were observed in untreated PLWH. Seventy percent of untreated PLWH had KFLC index above 6...

BACKGROUND: In REFLEX, subcutaneous interferon beta-1a (sc IFN β-1a) delayed the onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) in patients with a first clinical demyelinating event (FCDE). OBJECTIVES: This post hoc analysis aimed to determine whether baseline serum neurofilament light (sNfL) chain can predict conversion to MS and whether correlations exist between baseline sNfL and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metrics. METHODS: sNfL was measured for 494 patients who received sc IFN β-1a 44 μg once weekly (qw; n  = 168), three times weekly (tiw; n  = 161), or placebo ( n  = 165) over 24 months...

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic climbing (TC) has emerged as a prospective rehabilitation approach for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). The existing literature primarily focuses on the physical and psychological benefits of TC across diverse populations but is limited concerning its application and efficacy for patients with MS. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to delineate the experiences, subjective effects, and perceptions of both individuals with MS and therapists regarding TC, highlighting the potential benefits and challenges of this therapeutic approach...

Therapeutic recombinant proteins are powerful tools used for the treatment of many detrimental diseases such as diabetes, cancer, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis, and many more. Their importance in disease therapy is growing over small molecule drugs because of their advantages like specificity and reduced side effects. However, the large-scale production of certain recombinant proteins is still challenging despite impressive advancements in biomanufacturing. The complement cascade is considered a rich source of drug targets and natural regulator proteins with great therapeutic potential...

While cognitive abilities in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have been studied in detail, little is known about linguistic abilities in PwMS and their relation to cognitive impairment. In this cross-sectional explorative study, we aim to investigate the morphosyntactic abilities of PwMS alongside their cognitive performance. Furthermore, we explore the effect of clinical factors, namely, the disease duration and MS type, on the linguistic and cognitive performance of PwMS. By so doing, we aim to shed light on neurocognitive and clinical correlates of linguistic performance in PwMS...