Branched chain amino acid

BACKGROUND: Higher levels of plasma glycine are linked to a reduced risk, while increased levels of total branched-chain amino acids (tBCAAs) are associated with a higher risk of essential hypertension (HTN) and coronary heart disease (CHD). As these metabolic components are interconnected, analyzing the tBCAAs/glycine ratio may help to understand their interplay in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. METHODS: The Cox regression approach was combined with the development of novel genetic tools for assessments of associations between plasma metabolomic data (glycine, tBCAAs, and tBCAAs/glycine ratio) from the UK Biobank and the development of hypertension and CHD...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Ischemic heart diseases (IHD), characterized by metabolic dysregulation, contributes majorly to the global morbidity and mortality. Glucose, lipid and amino acid metabolism are critical energy production for cardiomyocytes, and disturbances of these metabolism lead to the cardiac injury. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), widely used for treating IHD, have been demonstrated to effectively and safely regulate the cardiac metabolism reprogramming. AIM OF THE REVIEW: This study discussed and analyzed the disturbed cardiac metabolism induced by IHD and development of formulas, extracts, single herb, bioactive compounds of TCM ameliorating IHD injury via metabolism regulation, with the aim of providing a basis for the development of clinical application of therapeutic strategies for TCM in IHD...

BACKGROUND: The increase in circulating insulin levels is associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the levels of branched-chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids (AAAs) are altered in T2D, but whether AAAs play a role in insulin secretion and signaling remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different AAAs on pancreatic function and on the use of insulin in finishing pigs. METHODS: A total of 18 healthy finishing pigs (Large White) with average body weight of 100 ± 1...

SCOPE: The global prevalence of obesity has significantly increased, presenting a major health challenge. High-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity is closely related to the disease severity of psoriasis, but the mechanism is not fully understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study utilizes the HFD-induced obesity model along with an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mouse model (HFD-IMQ) to conduct transcriptomics and metabolomic analyses. HFD-induced obese mice exhibits more severe psoriasis-like lesions compared to normal diet (ND)-IMQ mice...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) seriously threatens human health, mostly developed from liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Since diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 )-induced HCC mouse model almost recapitulates the characteristic of HCC with fibrosis and inflammation, it is taken as an essential tool to investigate the pathogenesis of HCC. However, a comprehensive understanding of the protein expression profile of this model is little. In this study, we performed proteomic analysis of this model to elucidate its proteomic characteristics...

OBJECTIVE: The potential role of dietary branched-chain amino acids on circulating branched-chain amino acid levels and their relationship with metabolic health are complex, and the literature is inconsistent. We aimed to explore the dynamic effects of branched-chain amino acid supplementation on glucose and lipid homeostasis at different stages of insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice. METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a normal chow diet, high-fat diet, or high-fat diet supplemented with 100% branched-chain amino acids for 12 or 24 wk...

The precise impact of species and strain diversity on fungal-bacterial interactions and the overall community functioning has remained unclear. First, our study revealed how Debaryomyces hansenii influences diverse bacteria to accumulate key metabolites in a simulated fermented food system. For flavor, D. hansenii promoted the accumulation of branched-chain esters in Staphylococcus xylosus by promoting growth and facilitating the precursor branched-chain acids transformations but hindered the accumulation of Staphylococcus equorum ...

Enzyme activity is determined by various different mechanisms, including posttranslational modifications and allosteric regulation. Allosteric activators are often metabolites but other molecules serve similar functions. So far, examples of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) acting as allosteric activators of enzyme activity are missing. Here, we describe the function of mitolnc in cardiomyocytes, a nuclear encoded long non-coding RNA, located in mitochondria and directly interacting with the branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex to increase its activity...

White adipocytes function as major energy reservoirs in humans by storing substantial amounts of triglycerides, and their dysfunction is associated with metabolic disorders; however, the mechanisms underlying cellular specialization during adipogenesis remain unknown. Here, we generate a spatiotemporal proteomic atlas of human adipogenesis, which elucidates cellular remodelling as well as the spatial reorganization of metabolic pathways to optimize cells for lipid accumulation and highlights the coordinated regulation of protein localization and abundance during adipocyte formation...

BACKGROUND: Lipid metabolism disorders appear to play an important role in the ageing process, thus understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the association of ageing with elevated vulnerability to lipid metabolism related diseases is crucial towards promoting quality of life in old age. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as crucial regulators of lipid metabolism, and some miRNAs have key roles in ageing. METHODS: In this study, we investigated changes in liver lipid metabolism of ageing mice and the mechanisms of the altered expression of miRNAs in the ageing liver which contributes to the age-dependent increase in lipid synthesis...

The kinetics of the chlorination of leucine, isoleucine, and valine (BCAAs) was studied in excess HOCl by stopped-flow and spectrophotometric methods (25 ◦ C, I = 1.0 M NaClO4 ). The intermediates and products were identified and monitored by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. It was established that these reactions are fully analogous and proceed according to distinct mechanisms under alkaline and neutral conditions. At high pH, the formation and subsequent rate determining decomposition of N-monochloroamino acid control the process...

IMPORTANCE: Disease models for atopic dermatitis (AD) have primarily focused on understanding underlying environmental, immunologic, and genetic etiologies. However, the role of metabolic mechanisms in AD remains understudied. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the circulating blood metabolomic and cytokine profile of AD as compared to healthy control patients. DESIGN: This study collected plasma from 20 atopic dermatitis with moderate-to-severe itch (score of ≥5 on the itch Numeric Rating Scale and IGA score ≥3) and 24 healthy control patients...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Epidemiologic studies show high circulating Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are associated with excess body weight, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. There is scarce data on the association between renal function and circulating levels of BCAA. Therefore, we aim to study this association in a sample of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adults (ELSA-Brasil) METHODS: We analyzed participants who had at the baseline BCAA: valine, isoleucine, and leucine measured through nuclear magnetic resonance...

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2021/1074565.].

The pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is complex, with hyperammonemia playing a central role in its development. Traditional therapies for HE have targeted ammonia and include medications such as lactulose and rifaximin. Although these agents are considered standard of care, nontraditional treatments seek to affect other factors in the pathogenesis of HE. Finally, procedural therapies include albumin dialysis, shunt closure, and the ultimate cure for HE, which is liver transplant. The treatments discussed provide alternative options for patients who have failed standard of care...

Hepatic encephalopathy is a common cause of morbidity and mortality among patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. In this article, we review the history, mechanism, and evidence for first-line pharmacologic therapies for hepatic encephalopathy including nonabsorbable disaccharides, antibiotics, and electrolyte management. We also review newer, second-line therapies including polyethylene glycol, albumin, branched-chain amino acids, probiotics and fecal microbiota transplant, zinc, and l-ornithine-l-aspartate...

CONTEXT: Patients with adrenal hormone excess demonstrate increased cardiovascular risk and mortality. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the impact of adrenal disorders on the inflammation marker GlycA, total branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), ketone bodies and the gut microbiome-derived metabolites trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and betaine. METHODS: We conducted a single-center cross-sectional study of patients with nonfunctioning adenomas (NFA), mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), primary aldosteronism (PA), Cushing syndrome (CS), pheochromocytoma/paragangliomas (PPGL), other benign or malignant adrenal masses, and adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) between January 2015 and July 2022 (n=802)...

In recent years, heightened attention has been devoted to unravelling the intricate interplay between genetic and environmental factors shaping the gut microbiota and its significance for human health. This study delves into exploring the plausible connection between Alopecia Areata (AA), an autoimmune disease, and the dynamics of the gut microbiome. Examining a cohort of healthy adults and individuals with AA, both the gut microbiota composition and volatile organic compound (VOC) metabolites from faeces and urine were analysed...

The conversion of lignocellulosic and algal biomass by thermophilic bacteria has been an area of active investigation. Thermoanaerobacter species have proven to be particularly capable in the production of bioethanol and biohydrogen from lignocellulosic biomass, although detailed studies of their abilities to utilize the full gamut of carbohydrate, amino acids, and proteins encountered in biomass hydrolysates are seldom comprehensively examined. Here, we re-evaluate the ability of Thermoanaerobacter strain AK15, a highly ethanologenic strain previously isolated from a hot spring in Iceland...

Dietary protein supplementation has emerged as a promising strategy in combating sarcopenia. Furthermore, searching for alternatives of animal proteins has been a hot topic. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of zein peptides on C2 C12 myoblasts and explore their potential molecular mechanisms. The proliferative, cell cycle, and anti-apoptotic activities of zein peptides were evaluated. Peptidomics analysis and transcriptome sequencing were employed to explore the structure-activity relationship and underlying molecular mechanisms...