heat pad hypothermia

Thyroid hormone (TH) is essential for a number of physiological processes and is particularly critical during nervous system development. The hippocampus is strongly implicated in cognition and is sensitive to developmental hypothyroidism. The impact of TH insufficiency in the foetus and neonate on hippocampal synaptic function has been fairly well characterised. Although adult onset hypothyroidism has also been associated with impairments in cognitive function, studies of hippocampal synaptic function with late onset hypothyroidism have yielded inconsistent results...

BACKGROUND: Cultural practice have often overlooked when providing maternal and child health care services. Low birth weight is the second cause of neonatal mortality in the world but it is a major factor in a developing country such as Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to predict the neonatal mortality among low birth weight babies in Aceh Province Indonesia. METHODS: Unmatched case control study was conducted using data from year 2010 to 2012 in 8 selected districts of Aceh Province Indonesia...

PURPOSE: To obtain in vivo data about intra- and extra-articular knee temperatures to assess the effectiveness of two cryotherapeutic methods-conventional cooling with gel-packs and computer controlled cryotherapy following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructive surgery. METHODS: Twenty patients were arbitrarily assigned for cryotherapy after ACL reconstruction: 8 patients with frozen gel-packs and 12 patients with computer controlled cryotherapy with constant temperatures of the cooling liquid in the knee pads...

The physical methods to control body temperature, either to induce hypothermia, or to increase body temperature, can be of two types: physical methods of external heating or cooling and invasive methods that require complex procedures and technology. There are many strategies for the induction of hypothermia, all based on three of the four basic mechanisms of heat transfer, evaporation, convection and conduction. In the hospital environment the external cooling methods or surface (blankets of cold air or water circulation, plates of hydrogel Artic Sun, methods of cooling helmet) are the most widely used for the induction of therapeutic hypothermia...

PURPOSE: This study had 2 objectives: (1) to quantify the metabolic response to physical cooling in febrile patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and (2) to provide proof for the hypothesis that the efficiency of external cooling and the subsequent shivering response are influenced by site and temperature of surface cooling pads. METHODS: To quantify shivering thermogenesis during surface cooling for fever, we monitored oxygen consumption (VO(2)) in 6 febrile patients with SIRS during conventional cooling with cooling blankets and ice packs...

The rewarming benefit of anterior torso heat pad application in mildly hypothermic conscious adult trauma patients remains inconclusive in this randomized comparative clinical trial. There was no between-group rewarming gain in ear canal temperature when an anterior torso chemical heat pad was compared with blankets. Patient awareness, and favorable perception of, being administered the active intervention (heat pad) could explain the significant improvement in patient-rated cold discomfort discerned with the heat pad...

BACKGROUND: Hypothermia is common during hemorrhagic shock. To warm the victims or not has been controversial. This study aims to investigate the effect of warming during the initial time of hemorrhage on body temperature, blood pressure, and survival in rat hemorrhagic shock models. METHODS: Forty anesthetized rats were divided into control group (n = 20) and warming group (n = 20). The rats of control group were placed on a wooden pad without heating, and the rats of warming group were placed on a heating pad maintained at 37°C ± 0...

Heat has been used as a medicinal and healing modality throughout human history. Today, thermotherapy is being studied in the treatment of many diseases. Although the exact anti-infective mechanism of thermotherapy is yet to be solved, this historically important healing method has shown significant results in the treatments of a variety of dermatological infectious diseases ranging from simple acne to bacterial, parasitic and viral infections, in modern medicine. Induction of cellular apoptosis in medium doses and necrosis in high doses has made thermotherapy an important modality in the treatment of malignant tumors...

BACKGROUND: Prevention and treatment of hypothermia by active warming in prehospital trauma care is recommended but scientific evidence of its effectiveness in a clinical setting is scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional active warming during road or air ambulance transportation of trauma patients. METHODS: Patients were assigned to either passive warming with blankets or passive warming with blankets with the addition of an active warming intervention using a large chemical heat pad applied to the upper torso...

OBJECTIVES: Early surface cooling of burns reduces pain and depth of injury and improves healing. However, there are concerns that cooling of large burns may result in hypothermia and worsen outcomes. In contrast, controlled mild hypothermia improves outcomes after cardiac arrest and traumatic brain injury. The authors hypothesized that controlled mild hypothermia would prolong survival in a rat model of large scald burns. METHODS: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were anesthetized with 40 mg/kg intramuscular ketamine and 5 mg/kg xylazine, with supplemental inhalational isoflurane as needed...

Hypothermia can be caused by anaesthesia and/or surgery and represents a daily challenge in the operating room. Experimental animal surgery settings typically use heating pads or warming blankets to maintain the rodent's body temperature during long-lasting experiments. Warming is crucial in small animal experiments because these animals quickly lose temperature due to their large body surface to body weight ratio. While establishing a left ventricular infarction model in rats, we inserted a rectal temperature probe...

OBJECTIVE: This investigation assessed preferences for, and effects of, 5 days of twice daily superficial heat, cold, or contrast therapy applied with a commercially available system permitting the circulation of water through a wrap-around garment, use of an electric heating pad, or rest for patients with level II-IV osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. METHODS: We employed a within subject, randomized order design to study 34 patients receiving each treatment in 1-week blocks...

Brain hypothermia induced by a temperature reduction of the spinal fluid using a torso-cooling pad is evaluated as a cooling alternative for traumatic injury patients. A theoretical model of the human head is developed to include its tissue structures and their contribution to local heat transfer. The Pennes bioheat equation and finite element analysis are used to predict the temperature distribution in the head region. The energy balance in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) layer surrounding the brain during mixing of the CSF and cold spinal fluid is also formulated to predict the CSF temperature reduction...

BACKGROUND: Although brain cooling has recently been reported as effective in improving the survival after heatstroke generation in rats, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of brain cooling are not fully elucidated. This study was conducted to test whether the acute lung inflammation and damage that might occur during heatstroke could be affected by brain cooling. METHODS: Anesthetized rats were randomized into four groups as follows: (a) normothermic controls (n = 8); (b) heatstroke rats without saline delivery (n = 8); (c) heatstroke rats treated with 36°C saline via retrograde jugular vein (n = 8); and (d) heatstroke rats treated with 4°C saline via retrograde jugular vein (n = 8)...

INTRODUCTION: Cold water immersion could compromise both the effectiveness and safety of a diver. This paper reports an evaluation of the utility of providing external heating to divers in cold water. METHODS: Seven U.S. Navy divers wearing semidry suits were submerged in 7.2 degrees C water for 2 h. In the heated condition, a total of 35 W was delivered to each of four heating pads (total area 2477 cm2) placed on the torso of the divers. In the unheated condition, the participants received no external heating...

OBJECTIVE: To compare four field-appropriate torso-warming modalities that do not require alternating-current (AC) electrical power, using a human model of nonshivering hypothermia. METHODS: Five subjects, serving as their own controls, were cooled four times in 8 degrees C water for 10-30 minutes. Shivering was inhibited by buspirone (30 mg) taken orally prior to cooling and intravenous (IV) meperidine (1.25 mg/kg) at the end of immersion. Subjects were hoisted out of the water, dried, and insulated and then underwent 120 minutes of one of the following: spontaneous warming only; a charcoal heater on the chest; two flexible hot-water bags (total 4 liters of water at 55 degrees C, replenished every 20 minutes) applied to the chest and upper back; or two chemical heating pads applied to the chest and upper back...

BACKGROUND: Hypothermia is frequently observed in near-downing victims, and rewarming is difficult to control. We describe the use of an automatic heating system (Arctic Sun Temperature Management System). The device consists of hydrogel coated pads that adhere to the patient's abdomen, back and thighs, and react to patient temperature by automatically adjusting the circulating pad water temperature to achieve a preset patient target temperature. Temperature is measured by a bladder temperature probe...

BACKGROUND: We compared temperature changes in patients undergoing hip replacement during warming with a resistive heating blanket or air-forced system. METHODS: Fifty-six patients were enrolled. Patients were randomly allocated to the "forced-air group" (forced-air system) or to the "heating-blanket group" (resistive heating under-patient blanket). RESULTS: Baseline tympanic temperatures were 36.0 +/- 0.6 degrees C in the forced-air group and 36...

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BACKGROUND: Temperature management is used with increased frequency as a tool to mitigate neurological injury. Although frequently used, little is known about the optimal cooling methods for inducing and maintaining controlled normo- and hypothermia in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this study we compared the efficacy of several commercially available cooling devices for temperature management in ICU patients with various types of neurological injury. METHODS: Fifty adult ICU patients with an indication for controlled mild hypothermia or strict normothermia were prospectively enrolled...