keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535246/polycarbonate-based-copolymer-micelles-as-biodegradable-carriers-of-anticancer-podophyllotoxin-or-juniper-extracts
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Radostina G Kalinova, Ivaylo V Dimitrov, Diana I Ivanova, Yana E Ilieva, Alexander N Tashev, Maya M Zaharieva, George Angelov, Hristo M Najdenski
Podophyllotoxin (PPT) is used in the industrial production of efficient anticancer, antiviral and other drugs. Sinopodophyllum hexandrum or Podophyllum peltatum are natural sources of PPT, but at present they are considered as endangered species. Their PPT content is variable, depending on the growing conditions. Searching for new sources of PPT, some representatives of the genus Juniperus were found to exhibit efficient PPT biosynthesis. However, PPT is highly toxic and poorly soluble in water compound, which limits its clinical applications...
February 21, 2024: Journal of Functional Biomaterials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534431/influence-of-brainstem-s-area-a5-on-sympathetic-outflow-and-cardiorespiratory-dynamics
#2
REVIEW
Isabel Rocha, Marta González-García, Laura Carrillo-Franco, Marc Stefan Dawid-Milner, Manuel Victor López-González
Area A5 is a noradrenergic cell group in the brain stem characterised by its important role in triggering sympathetic activity, exerting a profound influence on the sympathetic outflow, which is instrumental in the modulation of cardiovascular functions, stress responses and various other physiological processes that are crucial for adaptation and survival mechanisms. Understanding the role of area A5, therefore, not only provides insights into the basic functioning of the sympathetic nervous system but also sheds light on the neuronal basis of a number of autonomic responses...
March 2, 2024: Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534421/-wolbachia-interactions-with-diverse-insect-hosts-from-reproductive-modulations-to-sustainable-pest-management-strategies
#3
REVIEW
Moazam Hyder, Abdul Mubeen Lodhi, Zhaohong Wang, Aslam Bukero, Jing Gao, Runqian Mao
Effective in a variety of insect orders, including dipteran, lepidopteran, and hemipteran, Wolbachia -based control tactics are investigated, noting the importance of sterile and incompatible insect techniques. Encouraging approaches for controlling Aedes mosquitoes are necessary, as demonstrated by the evaluation of a new SIT/IIT combination and the incorporation of SIT into Drosophila suzukii management. For example, Wolbachia may protect plants from rice pests, demonstrating its potential for agricultural biological vector management...
February 27, 2024: Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534317/the-mitochondrial-connection-the-nek-kinases-new-functional-axis-in-mitochondrial-homeostasis
#4
REVIEW
Fernanda L Basei, Ivan Rosa E Silva, Pedro R Firmino Dias, Camila C Ferezin, Andressa Peres de Oliveira, Luidy K Issayama, Livia A R Moura, Fernando Riback da Silva, Jörg Kobarg
Mitochondria provide energy for all cellular processes, including reactions associated with cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, and cilia formation. Moreover, mitochondria participate in cell fate decisions between death and survival. Nek family members have already been implicated in DNA damage response, cilia formation, cell death, and cell cycle control. Here, we discuss the role of several Nek family members, namely Nek1, Nek4, Nek5, Nek6, and Nek10, which are not exclusively dedicated to cell cycle-related functions, in controlling mitochondrial functions...
March 7, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533562/computational-synaptic-modeling-of-pitch-and-duration-mismatch-negativity-in-first-episode-psychosis-reveals-selective-dysfunction-of-the-n-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
F López-Caballero, R Auksztulewicz, Z Howard, R E Rosch, J Todd, D F Salisbury
Mismatch negativity (MMN) to pitch (pMMN) and to duration (dMMN) deviant stimuli is significantly more attenuated in long-term psychotic illness compared to first-episode psychosis (FEP). It was recently shown that source-modeling of magnetically recorded MMN increases the detection of left auditory cortex MMN deficits in FEP, and that computational circuit modeling of electrically recorded MMN also reveals left-hemisphere auditory cortex abnormalities. Computational modeling using dynamic causal modeling (DCM) can also be used to infer synaptic activity from EEG-based scalp recordings...
March 27, 2024: Clinical EEG and Neuroscience: Official Journal of the EEG and Clinical Neuroscience Society (ENCS)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532789/the-effect-of-reward-on-motor-learning-different-stage-different-effect
#6
REVIEW
Jingwang Zhao, Guanghu Zhang, Dongsheng Xu
Motor learning is a prominent and extensively studied subject in rehabilitation following various types of neurological disorders. Motor repair and rehabilitation often extend over months and years post-injury with a slow pace of recovery, particularly affecting the fine movements of the distal extremities. This extended period can diminish the motivation and persistence of patients, a facet that has historically been overlooked in motor learning until recent years. Reward, including monetary compensation, social praise, video gaming, music, and virtual reality, is currently garnering heightened attention for its potential to enhance motor motivation and improve function...
2024: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532010/serotonin-effects-on-human-ipsc-derived-neural-cell-functions-from-mitochondria-to-depression
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Iseline Cardon, Sonja Grobecker, Frederike Jenne, Tatjana Jahner, Rainer Rupprecht, Vladimir M Milenkovic, Christian H Wetzel
Depression's link to serotonin dysregulation is well-known. The monoamine theory posits that depression results from impaired serotonin activity, leading to the development of antidepressants targeting serotonin levels. However, their limited efficacy suggests a more complex cause. Recent studies highlight mitochondria as key players in depression's pathophysiology. Mounting evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction significantly correlates with major depressive disorder (MDD), underscoring its pivotal role in depression...
March 26, 2024: Molecular Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530510/poverty-work-intensity-and-disability-evidence-from-european-countries
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chiara Mussida, Dario Sciulli
We use 2015-2018 European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions longitudinal data for four European countries (the UK, Germany, France, and Italy) and a dynamic trivariate panel data model to analyze the complex relationship between poverty, work intensity, and disability. We find evidence of genuine state dependence in the three processes and feedback effects from past poverty to work intensity in all countries and from past poverty to disability in the UK, Germany, and Italy. Disability is detrimental to poverty, despite the mitigating role played by disability cash benefits...
March 26, 2024: European Journal of Health Economics: HEPAC: Health Economics in Prevention and Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529903/evaluation-of-the-impact-of-two-c5-genetic-variants-on-c5-eculizumab-complex-stability-at-the-molecular-level
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vanda P Peixoto, Cristina Prudêncio, Mónica Vieira, Sérgio F Sousa
Complement C5 is the target of the monoclonal antibody eculizumab, used in complement dysregulating disorders, like the rare disease Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH). PNH is an acquired hematopoietic stem cell condition characterized by aberrant destruction of erythrocytes, chronic hemolytic anemia, and thromboembolism propensity. C5 is a protein component of the complement system which is part of the immune system of the body and plays a prominent role in the destruction of red blood cells, misidentifying them as a threat...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529527/molecular-basis-underlying-changes-of-brain-entropy-and-functional-connectivity-in-major-depressive-disorders-after-electroconvulsive-therapy
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaohui Yu, Kexuan Chen, Yingzi Ma, Tongjian Bai, Shunli Zhu, Defang Cai, Xing Zhang, Kai Wang, Yanghua Tian, Jiaojian Wang
INTRODUCTION: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely used for treatment-resistant depression. However, it is unclear whether/how ECT can be targeted to affect brain regions and circuits in the brain to dynamically regulate mood and cognition. METHODS: This study used brain entropy (BEN) to measure the irregular levels of brain systems in 46 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients before and after ECT treatment. Functional connectivity (FC) was further adopted to reveal changes of functional couplings...
March 2024: CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529038/epilepsy-related-functional-brain-network-alterations-are-already-present-at-an-early-age-in-the-gaers-rat-model-of-genetic-absence-epilepsy
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lydia Wachsmuth, Leo Hebbelmann, Jutta Prade, Laura C Kohnert, Henriette Lambers, Annika Lüttjohann, Thomas Budde, Andreas Hess, Cornelius Faber
INTRODUCTION: Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) represent a model of genetic generalized epilepsy. The present longitudinal study in GAERS and age-matched non-epileptic controls (NEC) aimed to characterize the epileptic brain network using two functional measures, resting state-functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) combined with morphometry, and to investigate potential brain network alterations, following long-term seizure activity...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527807/the-brain-s-topographical-organization-shapes-dynamic-interaction-patterns-that-support-flexible-behaviour-based-on-rules-and-long-term-knowledge
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiuyi Wang, Katya Krieger-Redwood, Baihan Lyu, Rebecca Lowndes, Guowei Wu, Nicholas E Souter, Xiaokang Wang, Ru Kong, Golia Shafiei, Boris C Bernhardt, Zaixu Cui, Jonathan Smallwood, Yi Du, Elizabeth Jefferies
Adaptive behavior relies both on specific rules that vary across situations and stable long-term knowledge gained from experience. The frontoparietal control network (FPCN) is implicated in the brain's ability to balance these different influences on action. Here, we investigate how the topographical organization of the cortex supports behavioral flexibility within the FPCN. Functional properties of this network might reflect its juxtaposition between the dorsal attention network (DAN) and the default mode network (DMN), two large-scale systems implicated in top-down attention and memory-guided cognition, respectively...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527658/on-the-interplay-between-state-dependent-reconfigurations-of-global-signal-correlation-and-bold-fluctuations-an-fmri-study
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stefano Damiani, Paolo La-Torraca-Vittori, Livio Tarchi, Eleonora Tosi, Valdo Ricca, Andrea Scalabrini, Pierluigi Politi, Paolo Fusar-Poli
BACKGROUND: The dynamics of global, state-dependent reconfigurations in brain connectivity are yet unclear. We aimed at assessing reconfigurations of the global signal correlation coefficient (GSCORR), a measure of the connectivity between each voxel timeseries and the global signal, from resting-state to a stop-signal task. The secondary aim was to assess the relationship between GSCORR and blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) activations or deactivation across three different trial-conditions (GO, STOP-correct, and STOP-incorrect)...
March 23, 2024: NeuroImage
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527434/brain-thymus-connections-in-chagas-disease
#14
REVIEW
Florencia Belén González, Wilson Savino, Ana Rosa Pérez
BACKGROUND: The brain and the immune systems represent the two primary adaptive systems within the body. Both are involved in a dynamic process of communication, vital for the preservation of mammalian homeostasis. This interplay involves two major pathways: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). SUMMARY: The establishment of infection can affect immunoneuroendocrine interactions, with functional consequences for immune organs, particularly the thymus...
March 25, 2024: Neuroimmunomodulation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526887/mcan-multimodal-causal-adversarial-networks-for-dynamic-effective-connectivity-learning-from-fmri-and-eeg-data
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jinduo Liu, Lu Han, Junzhong Ji
Dynamic effective connectivity (DEC) is the accumulation of effective connectivity in the time dimension, which can describe the continuous neural activities in the brain. Recently, learning DEC from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) data has attracted the attention of neuroinformatics researchers. However, the current methods fail to consider the gap between the fMRI and EEG modality, which can not precisely learn the DEC network from multimodal data. In this paper, we propose a multimodal causal adversarial network for DEC learning, named MCAN...
March 25, 2024: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525932/insights-into-the-selective-mechanism-of-pde2-9a-inhibitors-from-silico-aspects
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pengfei Song, Shizhun Wang, Ruiheng Han, Hanxun Wang, Baichun Hu, Jiasi Luan, Haoyu Zhang, Zhijian Wang, Chao Ma, Jian Wang
The selective design of competitive enzyme inhibitors is an extremely difficult task but necessary work for certain types of systems, such as the phosphodiesterase (PDE) system addressed in this article. In the PDE family, PDE2A and PDE9 respectively target the central nervous system and heart failure, and share many conserved amino acids at their binding sites. Therefore, gaining a deep understanding of the selective mechanisms of PDE2A/9A is crucial for designing highly selective drugs. In this study, various computer-aided drug design (CADD) methods, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations (MD), and binding free energy calculations, are employed to explore the selective mechanisms of PDE2A/9A...
March 25, 2024: Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523177/mapping-the-unique-neural-engagement-in-deaf-individuals-during-picture-word-and-sign-language-processing-fmri-study
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Uttam Kumar, Kalpana Dhanik, Mrutyunjaya Mishra, Himanshu R Pandey, Amit Keshri
Employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of neural responses during sign language, picture, and word processing tasks in a cohort of 35 deaf participants and contrasted these responses with those of 35 hearing counterparts. Our voxel-based analysis unveiled distinct patterns of brain activation during language processing tasks. Deaf individuals exhibited robust bilateral activation in the superior temporal regions during sign language processing, signifying the profound neural adaptations associated with sign comprehension...
March 25, 2024: Brain Imaging and Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522953/recent-advances-in-the-application-of-mendelian-randomization-to-chronic-kidney-disease
#18
REVIEW
Chaofan Wen, Lanlan Chen, Dan Jia, Ziqi Liu, Yidan Lin, Guan Liu, Shuo Zhang, Baoshan Gao
OBJECTIVE: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition influenced by both genetic and environmental factors and has been a focus of extensive research. Utilizing Mendelian randomization, researchers have begun to untangle the complex causal relationships underlying CKD. This review delves into the advances and challenges in the application of MR in the field of nephrology, shifting from a mere summary of its principles and limitations to a more nuanced exploration of its contributions to our understanding of CKD...
December 2024: Renal Failure
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521468/recent-advances-in-canonical-versus-non-canonical-ca-2-signaling-related-anti-apoptotic-bcl-2-functions-and-prospects-for-cancer-treatment
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claire Cauwelier, Ian de Ridder, Geert Bultynck
Cell fate is tightly controlled by a continuous balance between cell survival and cell death inducing mechanisms. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-family members, composed of effectors and regulators, not only control apoptosis at the level of the mitochondria but also by impacting the intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis and dynamics. On the one hand, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, prevents mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) by scaffolding and neutralizing proapoptotic Bcl-2-family members via its hydrophobic cleft (region composed of BH-domain 1-3)...
March 21, 2024: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Cell Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520364/thalamic-contributions-to-psychosis-susceptibility-evidence-from-co-activation-patterns-accounting-for-intra-seed-spatial-variability-%C3%AE-caps
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Farnaz Delavari, Corrado Sandini, Nada Kojovic, Luigi F Saccaro, Stephan Eliez, Dimitri Van De Ville, Thomas A W Bolton
The temporal variability of the thalamus in functional networks may provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. To address the complexity of the role of the thalamic nuclei in psychosis, we introduced micro-co-activation patterns (μCAPs) and employed this method on the human genetic model of schizophrenia 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). Participants underwent resting-state functional MRI and a data-driven iterative process resulting in the identification of six whole-brain μCAPs with specific activity patterns within the thalamus...
April 2024: Human Brain Mapping
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