Dombrock blood group system

BACKGROUND: Determination of the molecular basis underlying the antigens in the Dombrock blood group system has shown various rearrangements between the alleles associated with DO(*) A and DO(*) B. Based on this, we employed a PCR-based strategy to screen DO alleles (DO(*) A, DO(*) B, HY(*) 1, HY(*) 2 and JO) in Brazilians. METHODS: We tested DNA of 278 Brazilian blood donors by PCR-RFLP on plates of 96 wells to determine the 793A/G (DO(*) A/DO(*) B), 323G/T (HY), 350C/T (JO) and 898C/G (HY(*) 1/HY(*) 2) single nucletide polymorphisms...

The red cell surface membranes contain a large variety of proteins, many of which express blood group activity as a result of variation in their oligosaccharide or amino acid sequences. To understand the nature of the blood group epitopes, the functions of the proteins that express them and their relationship to each other, computer modelling has been employed to provide predictions of their structures. Modelling is an excellent method of first resort when experimental structural data for the protein of interest are absent or incomplete...

The Dombrock blood group system (Do) consists of two antithetical antigens (Do(a) and Do(b)) and five antigens of high prevalence (Gy(a), Hy, Jo(a), DOYA, and DOMR). Do antigens are carried on the Dombrock glycoprotein, which is attached to the RBC membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage. The gene (DO, ART4) encoding the Do glycoprotein, located on the short arm of chromosome 12, has been cloned and sequenced, allowing the molecular basis of the various Do phenotypes to be determined. Do(a) and Do(b) have a prevalence that makes them useful as genetic markers; however, the paucity of reliable anti-Do(a) and anti-Do(b) has prevented this potential from being realized...

BACKGROUND: The Dombrock (Do) blood group system consists of six distinct antigens: Do(a) , Do(b) , Gy(a) , Hy, Jo(a) , and DOYA. Our finding of a pregnant patient whose red blood cells (RBCs) were Hy+ but whose serum contained an apparent alloanti-Hy suggested the presence of a seventh antigen and prompted this study. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Standard hemagglutination and polymerase chain reaction-based methods were used throughout. RESULTS: The patient's RBCs typed as Do(a-b+(w) ), Gy(a+(w) ), Hy+(w) , Jo(a+(w) ), and DOYA+(w) ...

Anti-Ok(a) was first described by Morel and Hamilton in 1979. The Ok(a) antigen has a very high incidence, and only eight probands that are Ok(a-) have been found; all are of Japanese heritage. In this study,we describe the generation and characterization of three novel monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), MIMA-25, MIMA-144, and MIMA-149. The reactivity of these three Mabs was compared with the original human polyclonal anti-Ok(a). Mice were immunized with transfected HEK cells to induce an immune response, and the spleen B lymphocytes were fused with mouse myeloma X63-Ag8...

BACKGROUND: The Dombrock (Do) blood group system consists of five distinct antigens: Do(a), Do(b), Gy(a), Hy, and Jo(a). Our finding of a patient whose plasma contained a Do-related alloantibody suggested the presence of a sixth antigen. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Standard hemagglutination, flow cytometry, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods were used throughout. Protein homology modeling was used to map the amino acid change on the protein structure...

Because of the scarcity of anti-Hy and anti-Jo(a), hemagglutination typing for the Dombrock blood group system antigens, Hy and Jo(a), is not feasible. The molecular bases associated with these antigens have been determined, making it possible to distinguish HY and JO from wild-type DO. This provides a tool to predict the probable phenotype of patients and to screen for antigen-negative donors. PCR-RFLP assays and a microchip assay were used to determine the frequency of HY and JO alleles in donors from Brazil and New York...

BACKGROUND: Since variant alleles in the Dombrock (DO) blood group system are common in Africans, DNA typing of DO alleles in an uninvestigated Congolese Teke ethnic group was performed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: DO exons were polymerase chain reaction amplified, using genomic DNA extracted from blood samples, and sequenced. Membrane expression in K562 cells transduced with DO-cDNAs using lentiviral vectors was studied by flow cytometry. Amino acid changes were mapped on the protein structure, predicted by homology modeling...

BACKGROUND: Blood samples from patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) present to transfusion service with numerous antibodies, making the searching for compatible red blood cells (RBC) a challenge. To overcome this problem we developed an effective strategy to meet needs of supplying RBC-compatible units to SCD patients using DNA arrays. METHODS: We selected DNA samples from 144 SCD patients with multiple (receiving > 5 units) transfusions previously phenotyped for ABO, Rh(D, C, c, E, e), K1, Fy(a) and Jk(a)...

The Basques demonstrate peculiar characteristics regarding blood group systems. Although ABO, Rhesus, and Duffy have been extensively studied in this population, the distribution of other groups remains largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the frequency of less-explored- or still noninvestigated blood groups using DNA-based assays and interpreted these data in the view of population genetics. Polymorphisms of KEL (Kell), SLCA14A1 (Kidd), GYPA/GYPB (MNS), ART4 (Dombrock), AQP1 (Colton), and ACHE (Yt) blood group genes were determined from a sample of more than 100 autochthonous French Basques using allele-specific primer PCR (PCR-ASP) methods...

BACKGROUND: The gene polymorphisms responsible for the antigens Doa, Dob, Hy, and Joa in the Dombrock (Do) blood group system have been identified. Four different mutations have been reported to cause the Dombrock null [Gy(a-)] phenotype. These include splice mutations, an eight-nucleotide deletion, and insertion of a stop codon. Here a Dombrock null caused by a single-amino-acid substitution in the full-length protein is reported. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: DOA and DOB were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and DO (ART4) exons and flanking regions were sequenced from genomic DNA...

The proteins of blood group systems are expressed on red blood cells (RBC) by definition. We searched nucleotide databases of human expressed sequence tags (EST) to collate the distribution of 22 distinct membrane proteins in cells and tissues other than RBC. The documented blood group genes are: MNS, Rh, Lutheran, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Diego, Yt, Xg, Scianna, Dombrock, Colton, Landsteiner-Wiener, Kx, Gerbich, Cromer, Knops, Indian, Ok, Raph, John-Milton-Hagen and Gill. The genes were grouped according to their overall and their relative expression in embryo and adults...

Typing for antigens in the Dombrock blood group system and identifying the corresponding antibodies are notoriously difficult tasks. The reagents are scarce and the antibodies are weakly reactive. When RBCs from family members of a patient with an antibody to a high-prevalence Dombrock antigen were tested for compatibility,an unusual pattern of inheritance was observed:RBCs from the patient's children and one niece, in addition to those from some of the patient's siblings,were compatible. This prompted the performance of DNA-based assays for DO alleles and the results obtained were consistent with and explained the compatibility test results...

The Do(a) antigen was discovered after I began my career in immunohematology and I have been fortunate to be involved in several fascinating discoveries in the Dombrock blood group system. The Do(a) antigen and its antithetical antigen, Do(b), have a prevalence that makes them useful as genetic markers. The paucity of reliable anti-Do(a) and anti-Do(b) has prevented this potential from being realized; however, our ability to type for DO alleles at the DNA level has made it possible to test cohorts from different populations...

Since 1981, red cell samples from families were tested with anti-Aua and, since 1986, with both anti-Aua and anti-Aub in an attempt to elevate Auberger to a blood group system status. The results show that Auberger is not pan of the Kell (five families), Colton (three Families), or Dombrock (two families) blood group systems. Exclusion from four more systems (Di, Yt, LW, Ch:Rg) is required before system status may be claimed.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Reagent red blood cells (RBCs) for antibody detection should express certain important antigens as a double dose, that is, the donors must be homozygous for the corresponding alleles. Traditionally, dose is determined by serological typing and known allele frequencies. However, RHD zygosity cannot be predicted serologically owing to the absence of an antithetical antigen, and FY zygosity is confounded by two variant haplotypes, FY*0 and FY*X. Furthermore, lack of reagents hampers our ability to type for some clinically important antigen pairs such as Do(a)/Do(b)...

Anti-Holley (Hy) has been reported as an IgG antibody occurring in previously transfused or multiparous black patients. In this case anti- Hy was identified in a 16-year-old black, primigravida female admitted at 32 weeks gestation because of premature rupture of the membranes. On admission, her blood type was determined to be A2B, D-positive and an antibody screen was negative. A second antibody screen, performed 4 days later, was positive in all three cells. Anti-Hy was subsequently identified. The antibody was reactive at room temperature, 37 degrees C, and in the antiglobulin phase...

Pronase is a useful and relatively nonspecific protease that cleaves many red blood cell (RBC) membrane proteins that carry blood group antigens. Unexpected findings in tests using pronase-treated RBCs during the investigation of a patient's blood sample led us to test which high-incidence blood group antigens were sensitive and which were resistant to pronase treatment, and to determine the prevalence of antipronase in the serum of blood donors. Our results show that antigens in the Cromer and Lutheran blood group systems and the JMH antigen were sensitive to pronase treatment of RBCs...

The Dombrock blood group system consists of five distinct antigens: two antithetical antigens, Doa and Dob, and three high-frequency antigens:Gya,Hy, and Joa. Although the prevalence of Doa and Dob in different populations makes them useful as genetic markers, the scarcity of reliable antibodies to these antigens has prevented this potential from being realized. The gene (DO;ART4) encoding the Dombrock glycoprotein has been cloned and sequenced, and the molecular bases of the various Dombrock phenotypes have been determined...

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