alpha-1 liver disease

Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTCL) is rare and clinically very aggressive T-cell lymphoma. The majority of cases harbor γδ T-cell receptors (TCRs); however, in some even rarer cases, tumor cells harbor αβ TCR. Recent studies suggest that αβ cases may have distinct morphological characteristics and demonstrate an even more aggressive course. In this case report, we demonstrated that in line with previous findings, αβ case of HSTCL had hemolytic presentation, demonstrated a very aggressive clinical course, and was unrelated to immunosuppression...

BACKGROUND: Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) synthesizes triacylglycerol (TG) from diacylglycerol; therefore, DGAT2 is considered as a therapeutic target for steatosis. However, the consequence of inhibiting DGAT2 is not fully investigated due to side effects including lethality and lipotoxicity. In this article, we observed the role of DGAT2 in hepatocarcinoma. METHODS: The role of DGAT2 is analyzed via loss-of-function assay. DGAT2 knockdown (KD) and inhibitor treatment on HepG2 cell line was analyzed...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is associated with altered gut microbiota; however, there has been a focus on fecal samples, which are not representative of the entire digestive tract. Mucosal biopsies of the descending duodenum were collected. Five regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Other assessments conducted on the study subjects included body mass index, transient elastography, liver enzymes, and lipid profile...

Genetic variation in human populations can result in the misfolding and aggregation of proteins, giving rise to systemic and neurodegenerative diseases that require management by proteostasis. Here, we define the role of GRP94, the endoplasmic reticulum Hsp90 chaperone paralog, in managing alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency on a residue-by-residue basis using Gaussian process regression-based machine learning to profile the spatial covariance relationships that dictate protein folding arising from sequence variants in the population...

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, an autosomal co-dominant inherited condition, significantly impacts lung and liver functions, with mutations in the SERPINA1 gene, notably the Z allele, playing a pivotal role in disease susceptibility. This retrospective descriptive study from a rural Eastern Kentucky pulmonary clinic aimed to characterize patients with AAT deficiency, focusing on demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters extracted from electronic health records (EHR) of Appalachian Regional Healthcare (ARH)...

BACKGROUND: Mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) usage in fish production has drawn more attention because of their positive benefits on disease resistance and fish performance. AIM: The ongoing research was executed to assess the potential advantages of Bio-Mos® dietary supplementation regarding the growth outcomes, physiological response, oxidative biomarkers, and immunity-linked gene expression in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) fingerlings exposed to bacterial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on hormonal and metabolic parameters in a group of overweight/obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients. METHODS: This was a retrospective study in which thirty-two overweight/obese patients with PCOS ( n  = 32) not requiring hormonal treatment were selected from the database of the ambulatory clinic of the Gynecological Endocrinology Center at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy...

This study aims to investigate the regulatory effects of Shenling Baizhu Powder(SBP) on cellular autophagy in alcoholic liver disease(ALD) and its intervention effect through the TLR4/NLRP3 pathway. A rat model of chronic ALD was established by gavage of spirits. An ALD cell model was established by stimulating BRL3A cells with alcohol. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was utilized for the compositional analysis of SBP. Liver tissue from ALD rats underwent hematoxylin-eosin(HE) and oil red O staining for pathological evaluation...

BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia may be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following hepatectomy. But traditional single clinical variables are still insufficient to predict recurrence. We still lack effective prediction models for recent recurrence (time to recurrence < 2 years) after hepatectomy for HCC. AIM: To establish an interventable prediction model to estimate recurrence-free survival (RFS) after hepatectomy for HCC based on sarcopenia. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 283 hepatitis B-related HCC patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for the first time, and the skeletal muscle index at the third lumbar spine was measured by preoperative computed tomography...

BACKGROUND: Acute liver failure (ALF) has a high mortality with widespread hepatocyte death involving ferroptosis and pyroptosis. The silent information regulator sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated deacetylation affects multiple biological processes, including cellular senescence, apoptosis, sugar and lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation. AIM: To investigate the association between ferroptosis and pyroptosis and the upstream regulatory mechanisms. METHODS: This study included 30 patients with ALF and 30 healthy individuals who underwent serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) testing...

BACKGROUND: Patients with liver cancer complicated by portal hypertension present complex challenges in treatment. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation in combination with sorafenib for improving liver function and its impact on the prognosis of patients with this condition. METHODS: Data from 100 patients with liver cancer complicated with portal hypertension from May 2014 to March 2019 were analyzed and divided into a study group ( n = 50) and a control group ( n = 50) according to the treatment regimen...

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers in the world. Two risk factors that cause 80-90% of HCC cases globally are chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The diagnostic value of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in numerous tumors has been described. Our research assessed microRNA-16 (miR-16) as a novel biomarker in patients with HCV-induced HCC. The study included three groups. Group 1 included 55 individuals with cirrhosis caused by liver HCV infection in addition to HCC...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Activin A is involved in the pathogenesis of human liver diseases, but its therapeutic targeting is not fully explored. Here, we tested the effect of novel, highly specific small-molecule-based activin A antagonists (NUCC-474/555) in improving liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy and halting fibrosis progression in models of chronic liver diseases (CLDs). METHODS: Cell toxicity of antagonists was determined in rat hepatocytes and Huh-7 cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay...

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), commonly employed for early diagnosis of liver cancer, serves as a biomarker for cancer screening and diagnosis. Combining the high sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence immunoassay (FIA), developing a low-cost and efficient immunoassay system for AFP detection holds significant importance in disease diagnosis. In this work, we developed a miniaturized oblique laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) immunoassay system, coupled with a microfluidic PMMA/paper hybrid chip, for rapid detection of AFP...

Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by defective secretion of bile acids or transport defects resulting in progressive cholestasis. These disorders usually present during infancy or childhood and are associated with progressive liver disease. PFIC is estimated to affect 1 in 50,000-100,000 births, with PFIC-2 representing half of PFIC cases. PFIC-2 presents with hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, pruritus, fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, and growth failure...

BACKGROUND: Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), a traditional medicinal herb, has been reported to have pharmacological effect including protection against liver, neuron and kidney toxicity. However, explanation of its underlying mechanisms remains a great challenge. This study investigated the protective effects of GEB extract on vancomycin (VAN)-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and underlying mechanisms with emphasis on the anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis. The male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided three groups: control (CON) group, VAN group and GEB group with duration of 14 days...

The treatment of patients with acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is extremely challenging due to the complex clinical presentation and prognosis of APE related to the patient's hemodynamic status and insufficient arterial blood flow and right ventricular overload. Protective efficacy against cardiovascular diseases of curcumin, a common natural polyphenolic compound, which has antithrombotic properties and reduces platelet accumulation in the circulation by inhibiting thromboxane synthesis has been demonstrated...

Numerous studies have compared outcomes of liver resection (LR) of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to those of patients with non-NAFLD-related HCC. However, results have been inconsistent. We aim to clarify this issue. We enrolled 801 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC, 433 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC, and 128 patients with NAFLD-related HCC undergoing LR. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with different etiologies of chronic liver disease was compared using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and log-rank test after propensity score matching (PSM)...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is an independent risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and may influence its outcomes. However, after diagnosis of HCC, like other malignancies, the obesity paradox may exist where higher body mass index (BMI) may in fact confer a survival benefit. This is frequently observed in patients with advanced HCC and cirrhosis, who often present late with advanced tumor features and cancer related weight loss. AIM: To explore the relationship between BMI and survival in patients with cirrhosis and HCC...

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. It is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and therefore its prognosis remains poor with a low 5-year survival rate. HCC patients have increasingly complex and constantly changing characteristics, thus up-to-date and comprehensive data are fundamental. AIM: To analyze the epidemiology and main clinical characteristics of HCC patients in a referral center hospital in the northwest of Italy between 2010 and 2019...