Pharmaceutical distribution

A perennial challenge in harnessing the rich biological activity of medicinal and edible plants is the accurate identification and sensitive detection of their active compounds. In this study, an innovative, ultra-sensitive detection platform for plant chemical profiling is created using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology. The platform uses silver nanoparticles as the enhancing substrate, excess sodium borohydride prevents substrate oxidation, and methanol enables the tested molecules to be better adsorbed onto the silver nanoparticles...

PURPOSE: A comparative assessment was performed to evaluate the potential of particle sizing by an ensemble based conventional dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique and an emerging technology based on tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) using particle by particle approach by evaluating three different types of vaccine formulations representing three case studies and showing the limitation of each technique, instrument variability, sensitivity, and the resolution in mixed population...

Excipients are ubiquitous in pharmaceutical products, and often, they can also play a critical role in maintaining product quality. For a product containing a moisture-sensitive drug, moisture can be deleterious to the product stability during storage. Therefore, using excipients that interact with moisture in situ can potentially alleviate product stability issues. In this study, the interactive behavior of starch with moisture was augmented by coprocessing maize starch with sodium chloride (NaCl) or magnesium nitrate hexahydrate [Mg(NO3 )2 ·6H2 O] at different concentrations (5 and 10%, w/w)...

This study aimed to control the oral absorption of cyclosporine A (CsA) with the use of a mucosal drug delivery system (mDDS). Mucopenetrating nanocarriers (MP/NCs) and mucoadhesive nanocarriers (MA/NCs) were prepared by flash nanoprecipitation employing polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene glycol) and polystyrene-block-poly(N,N-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate), respectively. Their particle distribution in the rat gastrointestinal tract were visualized by fluorescent imaging. Plasma concentrations were monitored after oral administration of CsA-loaded MP/NCs (MP/CsA) and MA/NCs (MA/CsA) to rats...

Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are a widely studied formulation approach for improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble pharmaceuticals. Yet, a complete understanding remains lacking for how specific processing methods may influence ASDs' molecular structure. We prepare ketoprofen/polyvinylpyrrolidone (KTP/PVP) ASDs, ranging from 0-75 wt% KTP, using five different amorphization techniques: melt quenching, rotary evaporation with vacuum drying, spray drying, and acoustic levitation with either a premixed solution or in situ mixing of separate co-sprayed solutions...

INTRODUCTION: To effectively regulate and reduce antibiotic use, in the livestock sector, a thorough understanding of the flow of veterinary antibiotics will help to identify key nodes in the chain for targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to understand the flow of antibiotics from import to end-user, and identify relevant governance mechanisms. METHODS: A mixed methods approach was used to collect data in three Kenyan counties (Nairobi, Kiambu, and Kajiado)...

OBJECTIVE: To assess hospital pharmacists' understanding of pharmaceutical care and their attitudes regarding the adoption of the patient-centered model, as well as investigate Jordan's current state of pharmaceutical care implementation and the associated barriers. METHODS: A validated survey was distributed to hospital pharmacists in different major tertiary hospitals in Jordan. The study questionnaire contained five sections to assess sociodemographic characteristics, pharmacists' understanding of pharmaceutical care, attitudes towards pharmaceutical care, potential barriers that may limit the delivery of pharmaceutical care, and the extent of pharmaceutical care implementation in the hospital setting...

BACKGROUND: Steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) is a typical refractory disease that often progresses irreversibly and has a high disability rate. Numerous studies have confirmed that abnormal osteogenic-adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) is one of the major factors of SANFH. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the function of the IFT80/Hedgehog pathway in the osteogenic-adipogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about non-medical prescribers in critical care in the United Kingdom. In 2007, a small survey identified few non-medical prescribers; however, in the intervening years, there have been many changes to the Medicine Act 1968. It is likely that prescribing within the non-medical workforce in critical care has changed significantly. AIM/S: This survey aimed to explore the breadth and diversity of prescribing practices of non-medical prescribers working within the wider critical care environment in the United Kingdom...

Pharmaceutical twin-screw wet granulation is a multifaceted and intricate process pivotal to drug product development. Accurate modeling of this process is indispensable for optimizing manufacturing parameters and ensuring product quality. The fluid bed dryer, an integral component of this granulation process, significantly influences the granular critical quality attributes. This study builds upon prior research by integrating experimental findings on granule segregation during fluid bed drying into an existing compartmental model, enhancing its predictive capabilities...

Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is an antibody-drug conjugate used for cancer treatment comprising an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) antibody and the topoisomerase I inhibitor DXd. The present study investigated the intratumor fate of T-DXd. Fluorescence-labeled T-DXd was found to accumulate in tumors of HER2-positive tumor xenograft mice and was observed to be distributed within lysosomes of in vitro tumor cells in accordance with their HER2 expression. DXd was released by cysteine proteases, including cathepsins, in lysosomal fractions in vitro in response to the pH...

Residence time distribution (RTD) method has been widely used in the pharmaceutical manufacturing for understanding powder dynamics within unit operations and continuous integrated manufacturing lines. The dynamics thus captured is then used to develop predictive models for unit operations and important RTD-based applications ensuring product quality assurance. Despite thorough efforts in tracer selection, data acquisition, and calibration model development to obtain tracer concentration profiles for RTD studies, there can exist significant noise in these profiles...

In clinical practice, wound care has always been challenging. Hydrogels play a key role in facilitating active wound recovery by absorbing exudates, maintaining moisture, and alleviating pain through cooling. In this study, type I collagen was isolated from the skin of crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and verified by amino acid analysis, FTIR, and SDS-PAGE. By adopting a new approach, luteolin was added to collagen hydrogels in situ after being dissolved in an alkaline solution. XRD and SEM confirmed the luteolin was incorporated and entirely distributed throughout the hydrogel...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The 1 + X certificate system, introduced in China in 2019, integrates academic credentials with vocational skill certificates to meet the heightened demand for skilled talents in the growing economy. This study aims to innovate and evaluate the vocational pharmaceutical education system under the 1 + X certificate framework, specifically addressing the gap between theoretical education and workplace requirements. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational approach analyzed 490 pharmacy students over two academic years...

Alpha-enolase (ENO1), a multifunctional protein with carcinogenic properties, has emerged as a promising cancer biomarker because of its differential expression in cancer and normal cells. On the basis of this characteristic, we designed a cell-targeting peptide that specifically targets ENO1 and connected it with the drug doxorubicin (DOX) by aldehyde-amine condensation. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay showed that the affinity for ENO1 was stronger (KD = 2.5 µM) for the resulting cell-targeting drug, DOX-P, than for DOX...

The characterization of the time course of ibuprofen enantiomers can be useful in the selection of the most sensitive analyte in bioequivalence studies. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling and simulation represents the most efficient methodology to virtually assess bioequivalence outcomes. In this work, we aim to develop and verify a PBPK model for ibuprofen enantiomers administered as a racemic mixture with different immediate release dosage forms to anticipate bioequivalence outcomes based on different particle size distributions...

OBJECTIVE: This study explored the determinants of post-stroke depression (PSD) in ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and its association with the burden score of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 374 AIS patients treated between January 2020 and January 2022. Patients were categorized into 90 with PSD and 284 without PSD, enabling an investigation into PSD risk factors and the CSVD-PSD relationship. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in health factors between PSD and non-PSD patients (p>0...

The dissolution testing method described in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Chapter ⟨711⟩ is widely used for assessing the release of active pharmaceutical ingredients from solid dosage forms. However, extensive use over the years has revealed certain issues, including high experimental intervariability observed in specific formulations and the settling of particles in the dead zone of the vessel. To address these concerns and gain a comprehensive understanding of the hydrodynamic conditions within the USP 2 apparatus, computational fluid dynamic simulations have been employed in this study...

This study explored the distribution of esculin microspheres in rabbit brain tissue following intravitreal injection and investigated the possibility of direct entry of the drug into the brain through the eye, to develop a formulation with enhanced therapeutic efficacy against Parkinson's disease.Chitosan microspheres of esculin were prepared via an emulsification cross-linking method and their characteristics were evaluated, including angle of repose, bulk density, and swelling ratio. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic parameters and brain tissue distribution in rabbits were compared among groups administered esculin eye drops, intravitreal esculin solution, and intravitreal esculin microspheres, to determine whether esculin could enter the brain through an ocular route...

In recent times, technological and scientific advances have been made in studying and developing orally delivered medication. Such studies demonstrate the importance of the oral route among patients. The accuracy of drug delivery is very important to achieve a successful therapeutic effect in the case of various pharmaceutical products. A novel drug delivery system adds new benefits or advantages to a drug. This review covers all the aspects of medicated chewing gum (MCG) as a new drug delivery method, including the benefits and drawbacks, manufacturing methods, type of MCG, composition of chewing gum, evaluation parameters, factors that affected the release of API, its pharmaceutical significance, various marketed chewing gum and chewing gum packaging...